^ V* 






»,,, 















^ V*' 






r/*$il$& f .* < 

































- 






■ 





















^ ■"* 



i 















, & 


















.^.:, 















^s .< 

































v l 8 k '<* 



M 












■" 



-iX 









^ 






^ * o N 



,? 



A 
CENTURY OF MISSIONS 
IN THE EMPIRE STATE 




JOHN B. CALVERT. 



A 



CENTURY OF MISSIONS 
IN THE EMPIRE STATE 



AS EXHIBITED BY 

THE WORK AND GROWTH OF 

THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

(Illustrated) 



BY 

CHARLES WESLEY BROOKS 

w 
District (Missionary since 1869 



'But ye shall receive power . . . and ye shall be witnesses unto me both 

in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost 

part of the earth, 

—iActs 1 : 8 



PHILADELPHIA 

Bmertcan baptist publication Society 

1900 



Two 

AUG S 

0LASS **- **».. No- 
OOP 



V 



K x 



* 






Copyright igoo by 
Charles Wesley Brooks 



jfrom tbe press of tbe 
Bmerfcan JBaptist publication Society 



Go 
Jobn B* Calvert, D, H>* 

Whose faithful and acceptable 

services , /of swm ^#rs as Corresponding 

Secretary, and for fourteen years as President of the 

"Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of (T(ew York 

have been an important factor in the efficiency 

of its work 



PREFACE 



The importance of a mission field is determined not 
alone by its territorial area, nor the number of inhabit- 
ants, but by its strategic position in relation to other 
fields, and its influence in advancing the kingdom of 
God in the world. An individual in the wilds of Africa 
may be as precious in the sight of God as one in Amer- 
ica ; but as an evangelizing agent a single convert in 
America may count for a thousand converts among the 
heathen. The State of New York as a mission field 
must be valued by its influence in the nation and upon 
the world at large. From this point of view its impor- 
tance cannot be overestimated. The work of the Bap- 
tist Missionary Convention of the State of New York is 
vitally related to the salvation of souls, the life and en- 
largement of the churches and the denomination, the 
maintenance of evangelical doctrines and practices, the 
welfare of the commonwealth, and the evangelization of 
the world. 

With what success that work has been prosecuted is 
a question that ought to concern every intelligent Chris- 
tian. No record, aside from the annual reports, has 
been made of this work except a small book entitled, 
" An Historical Sketch of the Baptist Missionary Con- 
vention of the State of New York," by John Peck and 
John Lawton ; published by Bennett and Bright, Utica, 
N. Y., in 1837. The closing year of the century is a 



Vlll PREFACE 

fitting time in which to gather up some of the most im- 
portant facts concerning the great work of evangeliza- 
tion done by the Baptists of New York State in the last 
one hundred years. 

This book is the outgrowth of a series of articles on 
Baptist history in the State of New York prepared for 
and published in " The Christian Inquirer." Investi- 
gations begun then were continued, and under the en- 
couragement of Dr. Calvert, which has been an inspira- 
tion to me in every stage of the work, they have devel- 
oped into the present volume. There were, I suppose, 
several reasons why I rather than another should have 
undertaken this service. An extended connection with 
this organization, covering most of the time for thirty- 
one years, has given me a personal knowledge of many 
of the facts here recorded, and a deep and heartfelt in- 
terest in the subject. The names of some of the found- 
ers of the Hamilton Missionary Society are associated 
with my earliest impressions. The pastor who baptized 
me was a Convention missionary, and my mother church 
was planted and fostered by the same organization. My 
whole ministerial life, from choice, has been spent with 
that class of churches which are the peculiar care of the 
Missionary Convention. 

While the writing of this work has been a delightful 
task, it has cost an unexpected amount of labor. Every 
effort has been made to secure accuracy of statement, 
which appears to me to be of greater value than rhetor- 
ical elegance. If there are inaccuracies they are to be 
attributed rather to faulty sources of information than 
to carelessness of research. 

It is to be regretted that limited space compelled the 



PREFACE IX 

omission of many incidents and illustrations that add 
charm to a history. The same cause has prevented an 
extended notice of persons who have rendered valuable 
service in these missionary operations. In some cases all 
attempts at finding any record of the official beyond the 
name has been unavailing. Rev. Elijah F. Willey, who 
was one of the principal movers in the formation of the 
State Missionary Convention, and for six years a secre- 
tary, disappears from all available records in 1827. 
Other names have had but brief notice because they 
are so well and widely known that a fuller statement 
seemed unnecessary. Such men as Martin B. Ander- 
son and Ebenezer Dodge were most valuable friends 
and helpers in this work, but their life-work has been 
well told by other pens. 

In the writing of this history I have had the help of 
my wife, who has given much time and labor to the ar- 
rangement of the statistical tables. 

I wish to make grateful acknowledgment to Miss 
Laura M. Carpenter, daughter of Rev. C. G. Carpenter, 
and Mrs. F. C. Peck, daughter of Rev. Whitman Met- 
calf, for valuable documents ; to Mrs. B. W. Capron, of 
Millport, for a large contribution of old reports of the 
Convention and other rare literature ; to Rev. J. R. 
Henderson, for the loan of a file of Convention reports 
from the library of Rochester Theological Seminary ; to 
Rev. Increase Child, in procuring from the Colgate His- 
torical Collection, at Hamilton, many items of value ; to 
the corresponding secretary, Rev. H. W. Barnes, for 
biographical and other important data ; to Rev. A. H. 
Todd, for valuable assistance in clerical work ; and to 
Mr. Homer D. Brookins, for helpful suggestions in re- 



X PREFACE 

vision. With deep gratitude I recognize the grace of 

God in giving me strength to accomplish this arduous 

task, when increasing years render such work more 

difficult. May his blessing attend the perusal of this 

book, and thereby stimulate the Baptists of the State 

of New York to greater diligence in carrying on the 

blessed work of the Convention, which was never more 

urgently needed than at this time. 

C. W. B. 

Watkins, N. Y., October i, 1900. 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER I 
A Survey of the Field, 3 

CHAPTER II 
Foundation Laying, 18 

CHAPTER III 
Other Baptists in the State, 28 

CHAPTER IV 
Early Missionary Organizations, 35 

CHAPTER V 
The Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society, 43 

CHAPTER VI 
Journals of Missionaries, 52 

CHAPTER VII 
New Developments, 60 

CHAPTER VIII 
Advance Along Many Lines, 74 

CHAPTER IX 
Enlarged Operations, 82 

CHAPTER X 
The Rise of the Missionary Convention, 92 

CHAPTER XI 
The United Forces at Work, 104 

CHAPTER XII 

The Home Mission and Bible Societies, ...... 116 

xi 



XU CONTENTS 

CHAPTER XIII 
An Era of Changes, 132 

CHAPTER XIV 
Helpers in the Work, 149 

CHAPTER XV 
The Fiftieth Mile-stone, 163 

CHAPTER XVI 
Co-operation 'with the Home Mission Society, ... 179 

CHAPTER XVII 

The Convention Reorganized, 196 

CHAPTER XVIII 
A New Era and Larger Results, 218 

CHAPTER XIX 
The Forces in the Field, 229 

CHAPTER XX 
Present Administration, 239 

CHAPTER XXI 
"The Sum of the Matters," 254 

Appendices . . . . . 269-355 

A. List of Churches Aided 269 

B. Names of Missionaries 283 

C. Members of the Boards 329 

D. Places of Meeting 335 

E. List of Officers 339 

F. Missionary Labor and Receipts 340 

G. Population and Membership 341 

H. Churches and Ministers 34 2 

I. Extracts from Reports, 1853 and 1900 .... 343 

J. Legal Standing of Convention 352 

Index 357 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

John B. Calvert Frontispiece 

Nathaniel Kendrick 38' 

Mrs. Helen M. Randall 62 

Daniel Hascall 74 * 

Baptist Meeting-house at Mentz 94 

Elon Galusha 135 

Whitman Metcalf, Lewis Leonard, D. F. Leach, Jirah D. 

Cole 147 

Alfred Bennett 155^ 

C. G. Carpenter 160 

Cook Academy 187^ 

S. G. Hillman, George Fisher, Horace Waters, H. S. Day. 198 

Edward Bright 2oy 

Daniel G. Corey 210^ 

Joseph F. Elder 213' 

Roberts. MacArthur 216 

William Humpstone, C. M. Jones, A. Reynolds, C. M. 

lower 232^ 

C. W. Brooks •*.... 237 

xiii 



John Smitzer 166 



xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

/ 

Robert B. Hull, T. E. Schulte, W. C. Bitting, L.J. P. Bishop. 240 

Lewis E. Gurley, W. E. Proctor, Justus Miller, F. W. 

Taylor 242^ 

John D. Rockefeller , 245 

John Thorn 247^ 

Joseph Wild 248^ 

H. W. Barnes 2*51 

Richard Hartley, F. P. Stoddard, Adelbert Chapman, T. J. 

Whitaker 253*^ 

Life Directors' Certificate 258 



ERRATUM 



On pages xiii and 198, for S. G. Hillman read S. T. 
Hillman. 



A HISTORY 

OF THE 

BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

OF THE 

STATE OF NEW YORK 



God that hath made the world and all things therein, seeing that he 
is Lord of heaven and earth . . . hath made of one blood all nations 
of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the 
times before appointed and the bounds of their habitation. 

—Acts 17 : 24-2b. 

The lines are fallen to us in pleasant places ; yea, we have a goodly 

heritage. 

— Ps. ib : 6. 

It is a significant fact that the progress of humanity has been forever 
bound up with the development and prosperity of the nations. When 
God has purposed to give a great truth to the world, he has raised up 
a people among whom that truth was prized, to whom it was clearly 
revealed, and by whom it was given to the world in such form as to 
render its possession a permanent inheritance. 

— " The Star in the West," P. H. Swift, D. D. 



CHAPTER I 

A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 

THE character of a people is largely affected by the 
country in which they live. The climate, the soil, 
the geographical position, and all the other elements that 
make up their environment, enter into and determine 
not only what they are, but what they are to become. 
In considering New York State as a mission field, it is 
necessary to take into account some of the topograph- 
ical and geographical conditions, as well as the moral, 
financial, and intellectual resources of the people, and 
their influence on the nation and the world. New York 
has been well named " The Empire State," not on ac- 
count of the extent of its territory, but for the suprem- 
acy it has attained in financial, commercial, industrial, 
and political affairs. The area of the State is 49,170 
square miles, which exceeds the area of Massachusetts, 
Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode 
Island by 15,822 square miles. 

Great Diversity. — The State has great diversity of 
surface, embracing lakes, rivers, mountains, hills, plains, 
cultivated fields, and primeval forests. Its borders are 
girted by the Atlantic Ocean, New York Bay, Long 
Island Sound, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Cham- 
plain, and the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers. The 
interior is made picturesquely beautiful by many small 
lakes, as Chautauqua, Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Keuka, 

3 



4 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Canandaigua, Skaneateles, Owasco, and others of less 
magnitude. Though only one corner of the State touches 
upon the Atlantic, the sea coast is extended by Long 
Island and Staten Island to 246 miles, while it has a 
lake coast of 352 miles, and borders for 281 miles on 
navigable rivers. The Hudson, broad and deep, with 
tides flowing 150 miles, is joined at Albany by a system 
of canals, which connect it with the great Western lakes 
and the River St. Lawrence. Besides those already 
named, its principal rivers are the Mohawk, the Gene- 
see, the Delaware, the Susquehanna, and the Allegheny. 
Among the natural curiosities that always attract the 
attention of the tourist, are the world-renowned falls of 
Niagara, which has a perpendicular descent of 164 feet; 
the Genesee, having three cascades, ninety-six, twenty- 
five, and eighty-four feet in two and one-half miles ; the 
Trenton, which falls 200 feet in five cascades ; the 
Taughannock, with a descent of 190 feet, and the well- 
known falls of the Cauterskill, with two cascades of 175 
feet and eighty-five feet respectively in a gorge of the 
Catskill Mountains, with numerous smaller cascades and 
gorges, the most noted of which are the Watkins and 
Havana Glens, Ausable Chasm, and Ithaca Gorge. 

Mountains. — In the northern portion are the Adi- 
rondack Mountains, the highest point of which is Mt. 
Marcy, having an altitude of 5,344 feet. Around this 
peak cluster other great mountains, stretching away east, 
west, north, and south, presenting to the beholder "a 
confused mass of peaks and ridges, crowding close up to 
the base of their chief, and receding in waves of green all 
down through the scale of color to its blue and purple 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 5 

edge. Westward from the mountains, in a broad semi- 
circle, at an average elevation of 1,600 feet above tide, 
is the great lake region, where a multitude of lakes 
and ponds form the headwaters of streams that radiate 
to all points, finding their way south to the Hudson, or 
at the west and north into the great lakes and through 
the St. Lawrence into the sea. The western lakes and 
streams are so closely connected that almost every mile 
of that section may be traversed by boat, save for short 
carries from one water system into another, or to go 
around some rapid or waterfall. In the central eastern 
part of the State, overlooking the beautiful Hudson, 
are the Catskill Mountains, and to the south the High- 
lands of the Hudson, which are a continuation of the 
Blue Ridge Range, having an average altitude of 2,500 
to 3,000 feet. These mountains, especially the Adiron- 
dacks and Catskills, present great attraction to sports- 
men, tourists, invalids, tired workers, care-burdened 
business men and professional men, as well as to a 
large class of city residents, who fly every summer to 
their cool retreats, where, near to nature's heart, they 
may find rest and recuperation from the increasing 
round of society's pleasures and demands. 

Climate. — The climate of New York is varied with 
a range wider than that of any other State. Those 
extensive reaches, which are under the influence of the 
ocean, sound, and lake winds, are more even in tem- 
perature, and suffer less severely from the late frosts of 
spring and the early frosts of autumn and from the 
heat of summer than the portions of the country in the 
same latitude not thus influenced. The mean tempera- 



6 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ture of the State, as determined from observation dur- 
ing twenty-five years, is 46.49 degrees. The mean 
length of the season of vegetation, from the first bloom- 
ing of the apple trees to the first killing frost, is 174 
days, though on Long Island it is twelve days longer, 
and in St. Lawrence County it is twenty-two days 
shorter. 

Agriculture. — The soil, particularly of the western 
and limestone regions, is fertile, producing in abun- 
dance the finest wheat, maize, apples, peaches, melons, 
and grapes. The eastern and southern portions are 
better adapted to grazing and dairying. Most of the 
crops and fruits of the Temperate Zone can be raised in 
New York. More than one-half of the total area of 
the State is improved and under successful cultivation. 
In its agricultural industries New York is exceeded 
by only one State in the Union, Illinois. The value 
of its farm produce in 1889 was $161,583,009, a little 
more than fifteen per cent, of that of the whole United 
States, while its farm area forms about three per cent. 

Medicinal and Mineral Springs. — The principal 
medicinal springs of the State, which have become 
noted as resorts for invalids, are Saratoga and Ballston 
in Saratoga County ; Massena, in St. Lawrence County ; 
Richfield, in Otsego County ; Avon, in Livingston 
County ; Clifton, in Ontario County ; Sharon, in Scho- 
harie County, and Glen Springs at Watkins, in Schuyler 
County. The State is rich in its treasures of salt. The 
best-known salt springs are in Onondaga County, which 
produce more than seven million bushels annually. 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 7 

Within a few years there have been developed quite ex- 
tensive salt works in Wyoming, Genesee, Schuyler, and 
Tompkins counties, each being capable of producing 
from 1,500 to 2,000 barrels of salt daily. 

Manufactures. — In manufacturing industries New 
York outranks all other States. The capital invested 
was in 1890, $1,130,161,195, paying for wages $466,- 
848,642, with products amounting to $1,711,577,671. 
These figures will certainly be largely increased in the 
next census, as new industrial centers are springing up 
in the various parts of the State. The utilizing of Niag- 
ara Falls as a water power has greatly increased the 
importance of that growing city, and multiplied many 
fold its industries. Where labor finds employment there 
the people will gather. Labor and capital constitute 
the chief elements of a nation's wealth. 

Commerce. — The commerce of New York has always 
vastly exceeded that of any of the other States. A 
statement of the aggregate commercial transactions 
with the other States of the Union cannot be made, 
but it is a well-known fact, that New York, merchants 
supply the largest proportion of goods, both of home 
and foreign manufacture, to the other States in the 
Union. In international traffic, beyond question, the 
State of New York exceeds in its exports and imports 
all other parts of the country. 1 A still further estimate 

1 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1899, tne merchandise im- 
ports into this country were of the value of $697,116,854 ; the exports 
were of the value of $1,227,203,088. The imports into the various ports 
of this State were $484,144,866, and the exports $487,999,957. The 
imports into this port were $465,558,936, and the exports $459,444,217. 
— -Journal of Commerce. 



8 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

of the commercial transactions of the State may be 
made from the number of vessels of various grades that 
bring the products and manufactures of the world to 
this country through New York harbor. Besides these, 
five great trunk lines have their terminals in the cities 
of New York and Buffalo. One of these, the New 
York Central and Hudson River Railroad, with its four 
tracks, and its great terminal facilities, has perhaps no 
superior in the world. The commercial transactions of 
the State may be estimated in some measure, by the 
following report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners 
for 1898. There were in the State 8,064.78 miles of 
steam railroad in operation, not including side or double 
tracks. These railroads carried 158,561,357 tons of 
freight, and 149,253,259 passengers. As these rail- 
roads were in part operated in other States, of course 
some deductions must be made from these figures in 
the amount of transportation in the State itself. The 
capital stock of these railroads was $776,539,404, with 
gross earnings of $214,050,214.51. They employed 
140,992 persons. This report does not include street, 
surface, elevated, or electric roads, which last are just 
now greatly increasing in number. The canals of the 
State, which aggregate six hundred and thirty-eight 
miles, carried during the year 1899, 3,686,509 tons of 
freight. In the field of transportation a large portion 
of the heavy freights from the great lakes still finds its 
way to tidewater through the Erie Canal. If the im- 
provements which have been proposed upon this great 
waterway are consummated, it will greatly increase the 
enormous traffic which finds its way through it from 
the vast storehouse of the West to Eastern markets. 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 9 

Population and Religious Organizations. — The 
population of the State has always been nearly or quite 
one-tenth that of the United States. According to 
the census of 1890 the population of the State was 
5,997,853, which was more than twice as many as 
were in the seven States : California, Oregon, Wash- 
ington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and South Da- 
kota. Of these, 1,571,050, or more than one-fourth 
of the whole, were foreign born. The State enumera- 
tion of 1892 gives the population as 6,513,343, and the 
latest official estimate of the population in 1899 is 
7,000,000. The number of religious organizations of 
all kinds in 1890 was 8,237, with a membership of 
2,171,822. There were 7,942 houses of worship, with 
a seating capacity of 2,868,400. The church property 
was valued at $140,123,000.88. The number not con- 
nected with any religious societies was 3,826,031. Of 
the communicants reported, the Roman Catholics were 
in the ascendency, numbering 1,153,130, or more than 
one-half of the whole number. They had 959 organi- 
zations, occupied 2,8yy houses of worship, having a 
seating capacity of 480,974, with a church property 
valued at $25,769,478. The Jews numbered 45,807, 
and all other religious bodies, 972,885, or about sixteen 
per cent, of the population. The number of Baptists 
reported January 1, 1899, was 150,716, or about one 
in forty-six of the population. They constituted 934 
churches, with a church property valued at $14,678,840. 
The next census will give a larger population for the 
State, but will not materially change the ratio. That there 
is an opportunity for church extension among all evan- 
gelical denominations needs no further demonstration. 



IO NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Postal Facilities. — The general government has 
provided for the intellectual and business wants of the 
people admirably by its postal facilities. There are in 
the State 3,994 post offices and sub-stations, with free 
delivery in all of the large towns and cities, and experi- 
mental free deliveries in some of the rural districts. 
The daily newspaper finds its way easily to almost every 
hamlet in the State, while the family not supplied with 
the daily or weekly edition is very exceptional. 

Periodical Literature. — There is no more potent 
influence in forming public opinion than that which 
emanates from the press. The periodical literature of 
the country is surpassing the most vivid imagination of 
those who lived in the days of Franklin and his hand 
press. A New York newspaper recently published an 
illustrated edition of 1,500,000 copies at a cost of 
$60,000. The whole number of periodicals in the 
United States in 1899, was 20,094, of which 2,010, or 
ten per cent, of the whole were issued in the State of 
New York. 

Education. — The proper estimate of the condition 
of New York as a mission field cannot be made which 
does not take into consideration its educational ad- 
vantages, and its facilities for promoting learning among 
the masses of the people. The statistics here given 
are taken from the official reports of the Board of Re- 
gents of the University of New York, and Department 
of Public Instruction. There were in the State, Au- 
gust, 1898, 105 colleges, professional, technical, and 
other special schools. These schools employed as 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD II 

teachers 2,738 men and 444 women, making a total 
teaching force of 3,182, with a total enrollment of 29,801 
students. The net amount invested in these schools 
was $70,251,067.32, with an annual expenditure of 
$7>738>337-55- Comparing these figures with the re- 
port of 1888, the decade shows a gain of sixty institu- 
tions, 2,157 instructors, and 18,268 students, or an in- 
crease of 158 per cent. The increase in the net property 
of the institutions, under the Board of Regents, was 
$41,773,148.61, or nearly 200 per cent.; and in the 
total expenditure of these schools $5,599,591.22, or 
more than 200 per cent. The number of academies 
in the State was 131, having a teaching force of 988, 
with an attendance of 11,267; having property valued 
at $1 5,669,249.46 with an annual expenditure of $1,482,- 
609.45. This class of schools steadily decreased in 
number from 1870, when there were 125, to 1887 when 
the number was only seventy-four, but shows again a 
steady increase from 1887 to 1898. The report of the 
Board of Regents contains this interesting item : " All 
academies which have been added to the university roll 
since 1888, and which are now on this roll, are Roman 
Catholic institutions except ten " (which were named). 
The number of normal schools in the State in 1898 
was twelve, employing 7 1 2 teachers, with an attendance 
of 9,794 students, having net property to the amount 
of $2,384,361.58, with an annual expenditure of $422,- 
889.11. The whole number of public schools in the 
State in 1898 was 11,752, employing 30,073 teachers, 
at an annual expense of wages of $15,156,277.94. The 
total expenditure for public schools, including normal 
schools, was $29,515,935.64. The number in actual 



12 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

attendance in the public schools was 1,168,194, and in 
private schools 81,488, making the total number of 
children of school age attending schools of some sort, 
1,249,682. Adding this number to those in all other 
schools and colleges, we have a total in all the schools 
of the State of 1,310,944 students, and 37,475 teachers. 
The entire expenditure for education in all departments, 
exclusive of private schools, for the year 1898 was $39,- 

159,771.75. 

In contrast to this splendid showing there are some 
vastly potent influences, which must not pass unnoticed, 
of which the State cannot be proud. 

Of the factors which enter into the present condition 
of our country, and which directly concern the Christian 
church of to-day, the most potent evils are the saloon, 
the emigrant, Romanism, and the migration from the 
country to the city. 

The Liquor Traffic. — The traffic in intoxicating 
liquors presents a problem, the solution of which is tax- 
ing to the utmost the wisdom of statesmen and philan- 
thropists, and is one of the mightiest foes of Chris- 
tianity to-day. The magnitude of the traffic in the 
State may be partially estimated by the following ex- 
tracts from the report of the State Excise Commissioner 
for 1898. There were 31,499 liquor tax certificates of 
all kinds issued during the year, of which 24,116 were 
to drinking places (saloons, hotels, and clubs). The 
revenue to the State from this liquor tax, was $12,640,- 
718.01 ; add to this the tax paid to the national govern- 
ment, the cost of the material sold, the rentals of 
buildings and the expense of sale, and something of an 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 1 3 

estimate may be made of the amount paid by the con- 
sumers of intoxicating liquors during a single year, in 
order that the thousands engaged in the business may 
receive a financial profit. It is no exaggeration of the 
facts to say that the cost of intoxicating liquors to the 
State exceeds the cost of education and religion. This 
vast expenditure is for that which is not only profitless 
to the consumer, but an unmitigated curse to both his 
body and soul. 

Foreign Population. — One of the serious problems 
that affect the civil and religious prosperity of the State 
is the character of our foreign population. While some 
of these are easily assimilated, and readily take on 
American ideas, there is a large and increasing class 
who are grossly ignorant, morally degraded, and utterly 
lacking in sympathy with our religious and political in- 
stitutions. The population of New York City, accord- 
ing to the census of 1890, contained representatives 
from sixty-six different countries and provinces, and 
speaking nearly as many different languages and dia- 
lects. These aliens are everywhere ; on the farm, in 
the shops, along the railroads, and wherever contract 
work requires unskilled labor, but most of all crowding 
our great cities to congestion and forming the chief 
constituency of the pauper and criminal classes. They 
are, however, human beings with souls to be saved, and 
can only be elevated by the gospel. The providence of 
God has brought foreign mission work to our doors, 
and in very self-defense is compelling us to give them 
the gospel. We must evangelize them or they will 
heathenize us. 



14 NKW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Romanism. — The largest proportion of this foreign 
element is composed of those who are subservient to 
the will of a foreign despot — the Pope of Rome. They 
are dominated by an artful priesthood, that through in- 
trigue and by control of votes, are able to hold the 
balance of power between the great political parties, 
and thus secure for themselves the control of many of 
the State and municipal offices, or special government 
favoritism. This influence is working in every depart- 
ment of the body politic — civil, commercial, and political, 
and is a constant menace to our free institutions. 

Country and City. — The migration of the better 
class from the rural districts to the industrial and com- 
mercial centers is depleting the country churches of 
some of the best members, while for the most part 
those who take their places are out of sympathy with 
the great principles of which these churches are the ex- 
ponent. This depletion of the working force tends to 
discourage those remaining, and often results in the 
abandonment of the church altogether. 

In view of these facts, the Evangelical Alliance for the United 
States, in the summer of 1889 and 1890, carefully investigated the 
condition of a large number of rural communities in the State of 
New York. Five counties were explored, two in the central part 
of the State, and one in each of the three lobes, northern, south- 
ern, and western. Excepting the cities these counties were care- 
fully canvassed, the people being visited in their homes or care- 
fully inquired after. A study was made of economic, moral, and 
religious conditions, and statistics of population, churches, church- 
membership, and church attendance were gathered. From one- 
quarter to one-tenth of the population were found in the churches 
on a pleasant Sunday. Somewhat less than one-half of the Prot- 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 1 5 

estant population claimed to be church-goers (and many base 
such claims on the fact that they sometimes attend a funeral in 
the church). In fifteen villages containing a population of about 
30, 000, all in one county, only twenty-five per cent, of the people 
were church-goers. One pastor reported that in his calls the sum- 
mer before, he found 250 heads of families not connected with 
any church. Many Protestant church buildings were seen falling 
into decay, having been abandoned long since to "bats and 
brickbats." In one village with two disused Protestant churches 
and one active Roman Catholic church, there were fourteen 
saloons, all within a distance of a quarter of a mile. There 
were, a few years ago, in one town a large Presbyterian church, two 
Methodist churches, a Baptist church, and a flourishing Baptist 
seminary. To-day the Presbyterian church is used as a barn, the 
Baptist church is abandoned, the two Methodist churches are al- 
most extinct, and the Baptist seminary is utilized as a Roman 
Catholic church. In many villages there were twice as many 
churches as were needed, all feeble and struggling with each other 
for life, white along the Erie Canal for eight miles were found 
scattered hamlets, containing together a considerable population, 
where there was no religious service of any kind from one year' s 
end to another. Information from other parts of the State indi- 
cates that these five counties are fairly representative of the rural 
districts of New York. A clergyman in another county writes : 
"We have investigated the condition of the county, and find it 
little less than appalling. Not one-half of its children have Sab- 
bath-school privileges, and wide stretches of country are without 
any religious activities of any kind. ' ' 1 

Meaning to Baptists. — It may be asked what have 
these facts to do with the Baptist Missionary Conven- 
tion of the State of New York ? The answer is mani- 
fold. (1) The relation of the present to the past is 
that of the harvest to the seed sowing ; had there been 
no planting there would be no harvest. All that is 

1 The "New Era," Strong. 



1 6 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

valuable in our Christian civilization is not the fruit of 
our labor alone: " Other men labored and we have en- 
tered into their labors." The debt we owe to the past 
can only be discharged by our maintaining and per- 
petuating our inherited blessings, and thus securing 
them to the generations yet to come. (2) The distinc- 
tive principles which Baptists are under obligations to* 
promulgate. Dr. MacArthur has well said in a con- 
vention address some years ago (Annual of 1890) 

We have in the State churches of our faith and order. We do 
not design either in thought or speech to depreciate the work of 
other denominations. Far from it. We thank God for them. 
We shall join hands and walk with them so far as our under- 
standing and God' s word will permit ; and then we shall part 
good friends. But we have our work. We believe we have a 
distinctive mission. To-day we are emphasizing the work of the 
Baptist hosts. Now of these churches some are strong, and able, 
and willing to help the weak ; some are just able to live by making 
great sacrifices ; others are not able to live alone, and must die if 
they do not receive help. W 7 hat all these churches need is more 
of the missionary spirit — the spirit of Judson, of Carey, of Paul, 
of Christ. An anti-mission church is an anti-Christian church. For 
such a church God has no use, the devil has no fear, and the 
world no respect. 

(3) The responsibility of neutralizing as far as we may 
be able by the grace of God, those gigantic evils which 
Satan has sown among us. For this we have no anti- 
dote but the gospel. The demands for missionary labor 
have never been greater than they are to-day. The facil- 
ities for work have greatly augmented. The multitudes 
are around us. We can find them at our very doors. 
Jesus is saying : " They need not depart, give ye them 
to eat." God has always prospered this work, but if 



A SURVEY OF THE FIELD 1 7 

nothing had been accomplished it would be our duty to 
preach the gospel to every creature, simply because it 
is so commanded. But we are not left to uncertainties. 
We have the assurance " that our labour is not in vain 
in the Lord." Great privileges impose great obliga- 
tions. For these privileges and how we meet these ob- 
ligations, we must give an answer at the judgment seat 
of Christ. 



CHAPTER II 

FOUNDATION LAYING 

DR. SWIFT answers a vital question in these perti- 
nent words : " How did it come to pass that the 
lovers of liberty came to America from every land ? 
How were the unworthy elements kept back from the 
shores of the new world ? How was it that the colo- 
nists were guided to the place where each class could 
exert the strongest influence when the struggle for lib- 
erty at last began. Was it chance which led these 
people across the sea ? It cannot be. A new era was 
about to dawn. A new age was to be ushered in. A 
new experiment was to be tried. A new civilization 
was to be evolved, and God was leading chosen men to 
these Western shores, and disposing them in his wis- 
dom where they could best serve his purpose and the 
sacred cause of humanity." 

Dutch Period. 1609- 1664. — While it is claimed 
that John de Verazano landed on the coast of New 
York in 1524, the authentic history of the State nat- 
urally begins September 9th, 1609, when Henry Hud- 
son, an Englishman in the employ of the Dutch East 
India Company, after a long and uncertain voyage 
sailed his little eighty-ton ship, the " Half Moon," into 
the waters of New York Bay. Three days later he 
commenced his voyage up the river to which his name 
is attached, which he explored to a point near the site 
18 



FOUNDATION RAYING 1 9 

of the present city of Albany. On this discovery the 
Dutch based their claim to the portion of territory 
stretching from the Connecticut to the Delaware, which 
they named the New Netherlands. Annual voyages 
were made after Hudson's discovery, and a considerable 
trade established with the Indians. No permanent set- 
tlements however were made until the year 1625, when 
the foundations of New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, 
afterward Albany, were laid. A peculiar feature of 
the colony was, that it was under the control of the 
Dutch West India Company, a commercial corporation, 
that governed it, or rather misgoverned it, through a 
director general and council. The Dutch were a con- 
servative, but intelligent and liberty-loving people. They 
brought with them the church and school, the two most 
valuable adjuncts of an abiding civilization. 

It is a notable fact that three months before Hudson 
entered New York Bay, Samuel de Champlain, one of 
the greatest and noblest of all French navigators and 
explorers, discovered the lake in the northeastern corner 
of New York State which bears his name, and which 
with the adjacent country afterward became prominent 
in the history of the State, and the scene of many con- 
flicts. In this vicinity French trading-forts were estab- 
lished, but providentially the country never came under 
the rule of Catholic France. 

English Conquests. — The colony never made any 
great progress under the Dutch and in 1664 the Eng- 
lish, who had always laid claim to the territory, con- 
quered it, and the colony of New Netherlands became 
the colony of New York ; and its two principal towns, 



20 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, became respectively 
New York and Albany. While the English were nom- 
inally in control, their entire supremacy was contested 
for a long time. There were many questions to be 
settled with their Dutch subjects, and a more trouble- 
some one with the French in the northern part of the 
State. This latter contention was finally brought to 
an end in that memorable battle on the Plains of Abra- 
ham, before Quebec, September 13, 1759. This victory 
gave to the English Canada and New York beyond dis- 
pute. There was another and more important question 
settled that day. Roman Catholicism received a check, 
and the province of New York was secured to Prot- 
estantism. 

The Primitive Inhabitants. — When Hudson en- 
tered New York Bay it is estimated that there were in 
the present limit of this State about 30,000 Indians. 
These were divided into separate tribes. Stretching 
through the central part of the State from the Hudson 
to Lake Erie were the Iroquois, or Six Nations. These 
were divided into five tribes, viz : the Mohawks, Oneidas, 
Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. The Iroquois were 
the superiors among all the Indian tribes, and it is said 
that they carried their warfare from beyond the St. 
Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. They were, never- 
theless, savages with no higher ambition than to achieve 
victories over their enemies in battle, or to meet their 
physical wants by the rudest methods of agriculture 
and such food as might be obtained by hunting and 
fishing. The greater part of the country was a dense 
wilderness. 



FOUNDATION RAYING 21 

Early Settlements. — Prior to the Revolution that 
part of the State east of the meridian crossing the Mo- 
hawk River, at the mouth of the Schoharie Creek, con- 
tained nearly all the white settlements in the State. 
The Dutch had first established themselves on Man- 
hattan Island ; others had settled on the Hudson River, 
and later along the Mohawk. Some families from Mas- 
sachusetts had in an early day left that colony on ac- 
count of religious intolerance, and made their homes on 
Long Island. Others, for similar or other reasons, had 
settled along the eastern border of the State in the pres- 
ent counties of Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, and 
Washington. Various European immigrants, notably 
French Huguenots, located with these first settlers. 
A few pioneers from the eastern part of the State had 
penetrated to the west, and made small settlements 
along the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, as early 
as 1 770. A military road from Albany to Oswego, 
along the Mohawk, was opened in an early day, and 
forts were built along the route for the protection of 
the inhabitants. 

Pioneer Baptists. — In the spring or early summer 
of 1 772, two men and a lad of fifteen years, left their 
homes in Warwick, a thriving town in Orange County, 
about twenty miles west of the Hudson, for a long jour- 
ney into the interior of the State. They saw " no 
pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night/' 
but were unquestionably led by a divine hand. They 
were hardy pioneers, and the men, at least, were ear- 
nest Christians and Baptists. A portion of the way was 
through a country in which they found occasional settle- 



22 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ments, but the latter part of their journey was through 
an unbroken forest where probably the foot of the white 
man had never trod. They took with them a cow, the 
milk of which supplemented the game and fish which 
comprised their principal articles of diet. They erected 
rude log houses and with their axes made a little open- 
ing in the forest. They returned to Warwick for the 
winter, but June, 1773, found them with their families 
settled in their new homes on Butternut Creek, Otsego 
County, near the present village of Morris. The names 
of these two men were Ebenezer Knapp and Increase 
Thurston. The lad with them was Amos Thurston, a 
son of the latter. The wife of Mr. Knapp was a Chris- 
tian and a member of the Baptist church. The little 
settlement numbered twelve persons. In their homes 
family altars were erected at the beginning, and on the 
Lord's Day they gathered their households together for 
worship. Reading the Bible, singing, exhortation, and 
prayer comprised the simple religious service. If a 
Christian church consists of a company of baptized 
believers, covenanted together to maintain and perpetu- 
ate the worship of God, and to proclaim the truths of 
Christ's gospel in purity and simplicity, then this little 
company constituted a gospel church. Zealously and 
faithfully they maintained their worship until, in 1777, 
they were driven from their desolated and pillaged 
homes by murderous savages, led by those notorious 
Tories, Brant and Butler. 

First Converts. — The prayers and exhortations of 
these earnest Christians had not been without avail, for 
in February, 1774, Elizabeth, a daughter of Ebenezer 



FOUNDATION LAYING 23 

Knapp, and wife of Benjamin Lull, one night unable to 
sleep, arose from her bed and came downstairs repeat- 
ing with great earnestness the following words : 

Must Simon bear the cross alone, 

And other saints go free ? 
Each saint of thine shall find his own ; 

And there is one for me. 

This produced a most profound impression on her 
sister Martha and also upon her husband. Thus the 
work of the Lord began. The father of the family was 
gone from home, and they had no earthly instructor but 
their mother. In a few weeks Mrs. Lull and her sister 
were brought into the liberty of the gospel. In the en- 
suing summer seven more families moved into the place, 
and united with the little band in their religious meet- 
ings. The wife of Increase Thurston, together with 
Caleb Lull, was brought to rejoice in Christ, and many 
others were made to consider seriously the subject of 
religion. 

Church Recognized. — When peace was restored at 
the close of the war, four of these families returned to 
their lands, and re-established the worship interrupted 
by the destruction of their homes. Occasionally a gospel 
minister visited the little band, and preached the truth to 
them, administering the ordinance of baptism. Whether 
thus favored or not, these pious followers of Christ con- 
tinued faithfully to maintain worship, but not until 1793 
were they recognized by a council consisting of the 
pastor and delegates from the church in Greenfield, 
Saratoga County, as a church in gospel order. Did 
this formal recognition make them a church ? If not, 



24 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

were they not already a church when they agreed 
together to walk and live in Christian fellowship and 
maintain the ordinances of the gospel ? If so, then we 
may safely assert the first church in central New York, 
west of the Hudson River, was established in the town 
of Butternuts, in Otsego County, in June, 1773. If, 
however, a church is not a church until formally recog- 
nized as such, then 1793 is the date of their organi- 
zation. The technical question others may decide ; the 
facts stated are worthy of record. 

Other Churches. — These early Baptists were largely 
instrumental in planting a Christian civilization in the 
wilderness of central New York, near the border line of 
Otsego and Chenango counties, in a territory as pro- 
lific under God in sending forth an army of consecrated 
faithful Christians of the Baptist Faith, both ministers 
and laymen, as any other part of our American conti- 
nent, if not of the world. Between the years of 1787 
and 1795, there were organized the following addi- 
tional churches within the territory of the Otsego 
Association: Springfield, 1789; Franklin, 1792; Kort- 
right and Charlestown, 1793 ; Burlington, Fairfield, 
Edmeston, Palatine, Richfield, First Otsego, and New 
Berlin, 1794; Hartwick and Otsego, 1795. 

William Furman. — In 1789 Rev. William Furman, 
took up his residence in Springfield, Otsego County. 
He is said to have been the first minister of the gospel 
settling in this vast territory, bounded on the east by a 
meridian crossing the Mohawk at the mouth of the 
Schoharie Creek, on the north and south by the bound- 



FOUNDATION LAYING 25 

ary lines of the State, and west by the Pacific Ocean. 
He was especially useful in planting the foregoing 
churches. One who knew him personally has left the 
following testimony as to his worth : 

Having the glory of God in view, and desirous of increasing 
the Redeemer' s kingdom, he spared no pains, but exerted him- 
self to the utmost for the accomplishment of this object. It may 
with propriety be said of him that he was the father of these 
churches. He is now, we trust, reaping in heaven the reward of 
his unwearied exertions in the cause of his glorious Redeemer. 

Otsego Association. — On September 2, 1795, the 
Otsego Baptist Association was fully organized with thir- 
teen churches, already mentioned, five ordained ministers, 
and 424 members. The ordained ministers were William 
Furman, Ashbel Hosmer, John Hammond, Elijah Her- 
rick, and Joel Butler. This was a wonderful growth, 
considering that only eight years had passed since the 
first gospel minister had settled in this territory. The 
settlements were new and the people poor. The country 
had just emerged from a long, hard struggle for liberty 
and independence. These pioneer Christians builded 
better than they knew. The influence of their labor is 
vast and reaches around the world. In 1 800 the Otsego 
Association had increased to thirty-seven churches, 
fifteen ministers, and 764 members, a most remarkable 
advance in five years. And in 1807, just twenty years 
from the recognition of the first Baptist church in the 
region comprising the Otsego Association, the churches 
had increased to fifty-five, the ministers to twenty- 
eight, and the members to 3,265, notwithstanding sev- 
eral ministers and members had moved on toward the 
West, and several churches had been dismissed to join 



26 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

other Associations. No wonder brethren exclaimed, 
" What hath God wrought ! " 

Pioneer Preachers. — Yet this marvelous success 
was wrought by the blessing of God on the most de- 
voted, self-sacrificing labor. Of their early privations 
and hardships one of those pioneer preachers writes : 

We will take a brief view of the labors and privations of these 
pious men and worthy champions of the cross. An extensive cir- 
cuit became the lot of each of these men, especially the first three, 
William Furman, Ashbel Hosmer, and Joel Butler, who being 
the earliest laborers in this glorious enterprise, were regarded 
as fathers by the younger men. The frequent calls, ' ' Come over 
and help us," from little clusters of saints here and there in the 
wilderness, subjected them to frequent journeys, in which they had 
to endure many hardships and various sufferings. They toiled in 
the cold and in the heat, by day and by night, traversing the 
wilderness from one solitary dwelling to another, by marked trees 
and half-made roads, fording dangerous rivers and rapid streams, 
often without a guide and at the hazard of their lives. They suf- 
fered much from hunger and thirst, and frequently had to pursue 
their journeys through winds and storms, both of rain and snow, 
to meet their appointments and administer to the perishing the 
bread of life. The afflictions of some of them were greatly in- 
creased and their tenderest sympathies often excited by the priva- 
tions and sufferings, in respect even to the necessaries of life, to 
which their families were subjected. Sometimes in their jour- 
neys, on sitting down at the tables of their brethren to enjoy their 
hospitality, a recollection of the sufferings of their families at home 
would destroy their appetite and fill them with grief. They could 
receive but little earthly reward, the country being new, the 
churches small, and the people hardly able to support themselves, 
much less to expend a large amount on the preachers. Yet, amid 
all these discouragements, they continued their exertions, relying 
on Israel's God. Jehovah crowned their labors with abundant 
success, and comforted their souls by pouring out his Holy Spirit. 



FOUNDATION LAYING 27 

Those who had long been professors of religion were induced to 
unite in church relations ; backsliders were reclaimed and sinners 
were converted to the knowledge of the truth. Thus the wilder- 
ness and solitary place were made glad for them, and the desert 
began to rejoice and blossom as the rose. 

Let us not forget to honor the names and emulate 
the virtues of these men of God. They laid the founda- 
tion broad, deep, and strong. In addition to the trio 
whose names we have mentioned, were such men as 
Peter P. Roots, James Bacon, David Irish, John Bost- 
wick, Stephen Parsons, Hezekiah Eastman, John Law- 
ton, and many others of a later date. 



CHAPTER III 

OTHER BAPTISTS IN THE STATE 

THE earliest record of the denomination in the State 
is somewhat obscure ; enough, however, is known 
to give a fair idea of the origin of some of the first 
churches. Their progress was slow and attended with 
many difficulties. Baptist doctrines were never popu- 
lar, and in the last century were less so than at present. 
In New England, Congregationalism claimed pre-emp- 
tive privileges ; it was the religion of the State. The 
churches of that order were supported by a tax upon all 
of the inhabitants, irrespective of creed. Baptists not 
only had no legal recognition, but were treated as out- 
laws. In New York it was little better. In that colony, 
under the Dutch, the Dutch Reformed Church was the 
established order. Peter Stuyvesant, their last governor, 
was bigoted and intolerant. After the English super- 
seded the Dutch in control of the colony, the Episcopal 
Church was legally established. The Dutch, however, 
held tenaciously to their ancestral faith, and demanded 
for themselves fullest liberty of worship. The Calvin- 
istic churches were numerically in the ascendency, and 
were quite unwilling to yield to their new masters. The 
struggle between these rival factions so absorbed public 
interest that little attention was given to other denom- 
inations. While there were few or no legal obstacles 
seriously to interfere, Baptists made slow headway, be- 
cause the ground was preoccupied. The Dutch were 
28 



OTHER BAPTISTS IN THE STATE 29 

very conservative and averse to any change. While 
they were in control they gave little encouragement to 
those of any other faith. Not until immigration from 
New England began, was there much of an opening for 
Baptist churches. 

Ultra Independence an Obstacle. — In the early 
days Baptist churches having no organic union with one 
another, and hesitating even to form Associations, could 
not become largely aggressive. Independence is of 
itself no obstacle, providing it is not carried to the ex- 
treme of isolation ; but independence without any well- 
devised system of co-operation is weakness. It is not 
strange, therefore, that in those early years there was 
so little numerical advance, when there was so great 
isolated independence ; rather, it is a wonder that with 
such conditions obtaining so much was accomplished. 

Early Churches. — Individuals of the Baptist faith 
were found in different parts of the State long before 
any churches were gathered. Baptist historians note 
the attempts to found Baptist churches in New York as 
early as 171 2. There was, however, no permanent or- 
ganization effected at that date. So far as we have any 
record, the first permanent body of regular Baptists was 
the church at Oyster Bay, Long Island, constituted in 
1724. Following this were the churches at Fishkill, 
1745 ; Amenia, 1751 ; North East, 175 1 ; First Stan- 
ford, 1752; First Pawling, 1755; First Dover, 1757; 
First New York, 1762; Botskill, Washington County, 
1765 ; Warwick, 1766. These, with the little company 
of Baptists in the town of Butternuts, already alluded 



30 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

to, and a company of six baptized Indians in Brother- 
town, Oneida County, seem to have comprised the prin- 
cipal bodies of baptized believers in the State prior to 
the Revolution. In making this statement absolute 
accuracy is not claimed, as authorities do not agree. 
There is no reasonable doubt, however, concerning the 
names and dates here given. 

The Shaftsbury Association. — This historic body 
was constituted in 1781. Its constituent churches were 
located in the States of New York, Massachusetts, and 
Vermont. According to Benedict, two churches, located 
at the time in the State of New York, the Botskill, 1765, 
and the White Creek, 1799, were members of the Asso- 
ciation. Other New York churches which joined before 
1800 were Austerlitz, 1779; Ballston Spa, 1791 ; Ber- 
lin, 1783; Broadalbin, 1792; Canaan, 1793; Chatham, 
1795; Clifton Park, 1795; Chester, 1786; First Dover, 
1757; First Galway, 1778; Second Galway, 1790; First 
Greenfield, 1791 ; Second Greenfield, 1794; Third 
Greenfield, 1795; Hartford, 1788; Second Hartford, 
1795; West Hillsdale, 1787; East Hillsdale, 1792; 
Hoosick, 1785; Kingsboro, 1797; Milton, 1793; Mo- 
reau, 1795 ; Pittstown, 1784; Providence, 1791 ; Second 
Providence, 1 794 ; Salem, 1 790 ; Saratoga Springs, 
1793; Schuylerville, 1790; Schodack, 1780; Stephen- 
town, 1796; Stillwater, 1780; Troy, 1794, and Frank- 
lin, 1793. This Association was at one time a large 
body. Fifty churches, located in this State, were at one 
time or another members of it. They were so widely 
scattered that they covered the territory now occupied 
by the Washington Union, Saratoga, Stephentown, Lake 



OTHER BAPTISTS IN THE STATE 3 1 

George, Dutchess, Franklin, Hudson River North, and 
Mohawk River Associations. Some of the early minis- 
ters of this body were : Lemuel Powers, Justus Hull, 
Caleb Blood, Edward Barber, Amasa Brown, Joseph Cor- 
nell, Jehiel Fox, Lemuel Covell, John Leland, Abijah 
Peck, Samuel Rogers, Obed Warren, and Isaac Webb. 

New York Association. — The second Association 
to be formed in the State was constituted in 1791. 
Authorities do not agree as to the constituent churches. 
Armitage gives their names as follows : The Oyster 
Bay, Scotch Plains, Morristown, Canoe Brook, (North- 
field) Staten Island, and First and Second New York 
Churches. Another authority omits some of these 
names, and adds the names of the Stamford, Kings 
Street, and W 7 arwick Churches. The probability is that 
all of them were early members of this body. The 
most of these churches had been members of the Phila- 
delphia Association. The pastor of the oldest Baptist 
church in this Association was Robert Feeks, who was 
ordained at Oyster Bay in 1724. One of the best- 
known ministers of his day in New York, if not in the 
whole country, was the celebrated John Gano. He was 
pastor of the First New York Church from its begin- 
ning, June 19, 1762, to 1788, a period of twenty-six 
years. This pastorate was seriously interrupted by the 
war of the Revolution and the British occupation of 
New York. Mr. Gano served as chaplain in the Amer- 
ican army, and was a personal friend of Washington. 
When the conclusion of peace was celebrated at Wash- 
ington's headquarters, near Newburgh, April 19, 1783, 
he was called upon to offer the prayer of thanksgiving 



32 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

on that memorable occasion. Other early pastors were 
Benjamin Foster and William Collier, who succeeded 
Gano as pastor of the First New York Church, and 
James Benedict, who founded the church at Warwick, 
in 1766. The latter was a prosperous church, and in a 
few years increased to 200 members. A number of 
other churches grew from it. 

Other Early Associations. — The Warwick Asso- 
ciation 1 was formed in 1791 of churches in New York, 
New Jersey, and Connecticut. Some of the early 
churches were Warwick, 1766; Newburg, 1785; Cross 
River, 1789; Peekskill, 1793; and Middletown, 1798. 

The following churches, composing the Rensselaer- 
ville Association were constituted previous to its forma- 
tion in 1796: Cairo, 1789; Charleston, 1793; East 
Durham, 1788; Preston Hollow, 1792, and Rensselaer- 
ville, 1776. Whether there were others that entered into 
this organization or not, we are unable to ascertain. 

The Chemung Association, constituted the same year 
(1796), was composed of churches in the present counties 
of Chemung, Tioga, Seneca, and Steuben, in New York, 
and one in Pennsylvania. The names of these churches 
were : Chemung (now Wellsburg), formed under the 
labors of Elder Roswell Goff, the first minister of the 
gospel in the large territory, in 1789; Fredericktown 
(North Urbana), 1794; Romulus, 1795; New Bedford 
(probably Tioga and Barton), 1796 ; and Braintrim (La- 
ceyville), in Pennsylvania. The earliest pastors in this 

1 This Association afterward became an "Old School" body, largely 
through the influence of Elder Beebe, but was reported in the Minutes 
of the State Missionary Convention as late as 1836. 



OTHER BAPTISTS IN THE STATE S3 

Association were Roswell Goff, Peter Bainbridge, Eph- 
raim Sanford, David Jayne, Amos Eaglestone, Samuel 
Sturdevant, Thomas Smiley, and Jehiel Wisner. This 
cluster of Baptist churches, which afterward increased 
to twenty-two, was composed of good material. The 
early inhabitants of the region were immigrants from 
New England by way of the Wyoming Valley. This 
Association continued its existence until 1830, when 
Campbellism and Antinomianism having crept into 
some of the churches caused division, and the churches 
which maintained evangelical doctrines withdrew and 
joined other bodies. The present Chemung River As- 
sociation, although covering in part the same territory, 
is an entirely different body. 

The Cayuga Association was formed in 1800, in part 
of churches from the Otsego. Elder David Irish, of 
whom we shall have occasion to speak later, was the 
pioneer preacher in that region. He was probably the 
first minister of the gospel in Cayuga County, and to 
him more than to any other man was due the founding 
of the first churches that united to form the Associa- 
tion. Other early ministers were Micajah Starr, John 
Lasure, Manassa French, Elnathan Finch, and William 
Furman. Among the early churches of this body were 
the First Scipio (now Venice), Second Scipio, Third 
Scipio, First Aurelius (Fleming), Second Aurelius, Third 
Aurelius (Sennett), Charleston, Bloomfield, Milton, Pal- 
myra (since divided, becoming Macedon and Palmyra), 
Farmington, Sempronius, Phelps, and Hartford. Several 
of these churches are now extinct, or have become 
merged with other organizations. These were all the 
Associations of Baptist churches formed in the State 



34 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

during the last century, and they became centers of in- 
fluence for all that part of the State east of the Genesee 
River. As new churches were constituted and the ter- 
ritory occupied increased, from these bodies churches 
were set off to form new Associations, so that it may be 
said that all the Associations now existing in central and 
eastern New York were the natural outgrowth of these 
organizations. When we consider the condition of the 
people and their surroundings, the difficulties of travel 
in the new country, with no public conveyances, the 
long distance to be traversed by many to reach the an- 
nual meetings of the Associations, we must admire the 
moral earnestness of the Baptists of that early day who 
planted these organizations and maintained them at 
such great inconvenience and labor. The entertaining 
of such gatherings was no small tax on the people in- 
viting the meeting. Very few churches had houses of 
worship. Those so fortunate as to be the happy posses- 
sors of meeting-houses, found the space too narrow for 
the crowds that came, and the meetings were held in 
groves and barns, or wherever a convenient shelter could 
be found. The meetings were characterized by deep 
spirituality and fervent devotion, and were seasons of 
refreshing from the presence of the Lord, which abun- 
dantly repaid the workers for all their labor. 



CHAPTER IV 

EARLY MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS 

CO-OPERATION Reasonable and Scriptural. — 
The unit of the kingdom of Christ is the indi- 
vidual believer. Andrew is won to Jesus by the words 
of John the Baptist ; Andrew brings Simon Peter ; Philip 
brings Nathanael. Thus, one by one, the company 
increases. The Twelve gather around Jesus and by 
successive steps, through the agency of the Holy Spirit, 
organize the first Christian church. God's order is, in- 
dividuals, incorporation, co-operation. Believers are 
incorporated that they may co-operate in the great 
work of evangelizing the world. The unit of organized 
Christianity is the Christian church. This is the primal 
missionary society. The possibility of what a single 
church may accomplish in fulfilling Christ's ideal has 
never been realized, certainly never transcended. Great 
as these possibilities are, in the nature of things their 
power must be vastly increased by united and harmoni- 
ous effort. The idea of such an organization as would 
combine all of the churches of Christ on earth under 
any human ruler is entirely foreign to the example and 
teachings of the New Testament. It was a reaction 
against such a scheme that caused our Baptist fathers 
to take the other extreme of ultra-independence. The 
proposition for the organization of the Otsego Bap- 
tist Association was seriously opposed by good and 
conscientious brethren, lest there should be the smell 

35 



36 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

of popery somewhere in the scheme. Hence all plans 
looking to a closer bond of union for evangelistic and 
missionary enterprise were of slow growth. The need of 
closer union was recognized, but the fear of evils over- 
balancing the good to be attained, prevented an early 
consummation. This fear was groundless. The co- 
operation of churches on a platform of equality and 
independence in all local affairs, would bring the churches 
into closer fellowship and greatly enhance their power 
for good. 

The Way Prepared. — -The latter part of the 
eighteenth century, especially the last decade, was 
marked by a decided religious awakening, both in Eng- 
land and America, and quickened zeal in the spread of the 
gospel. The years 1 797-1 798 were especially fruitful. 
In this revival conversions were marked by the deepest 
conviction of sin, followed by discoveries as wonderful 
of the exceeding greatness of God's love and mercy in 
Jesus Christ. At that time many of the most useful 
and devoted men who have ever adorned the ranks of 
the Baptist ministry in the State, were brought into the 
churches. The truths of the gospel were burned into 
their souls in the fire of their own experience. In such 
a work of grace Nathaniel Kendrick, Daniel Hascall, 
Alfred Bennet, and many others — men chosen of God 
to be leaders in the new evangelism — were brought to 
Christ. 

The First Missionary Movements. — This work of 
grace was quite as remarkable in awakening a mission- 
ary spirit in the people of God, as in the depth and 



EARLY MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS $7 

clearness of the experience of those converted. In the 
year 1800 the Philadelphia Association suggested the 
propriety of holding a convention of Associations, either 
annual, biennial, or triennial, for evangelical effort, and 
the several Associations in the United States were re- 
quested to express their opinions in regard to it. In 
1 799 the churches in the State of Maine had already 
originated a plan called "The Gospel Mission," the ob- 
ject of which was to raise money to sustain missionary 
efforts in new settlements. This was done in Bowdoin- 
ham Association, the oldest in the State. In 1802 the 
Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society was formed. 
In the same year the Shaftsbury Association, composed 
of churches in Vermont, Massachusetts, and New York, 
at the suggestion of Rev. Lemuel Covell, then of Pitts- 
town, N. Y., resolved "to sustain such ministers as 
might enter upon itinerant missionary labors for a por- 
tion of the year, just so long as they might be released 
from their pastorates." As a result twenty dollars was 
sent by the churches at the next anniversary, and Rev. 
Caleb Blood "performed" a tour of the "far West," 
viz, Cayuga Lake, and beyond the head of Lake Ontario. 

Tour of Covell and Warren. — In 1802 Rev. 
Lemuel Covell and Rev. Obed Warren, were appointed 
missionaries, and pushed their journey as far west as 
Buffalo, described as " A small village at the mouth of 
a creek of that name just at the foot of Lake Erie, 
having no stated meetings for religious worship, nor 
any religious society formed." Five or six miles up 
the creek was an Indian village, where the council of 
different tribes was held for ten days together to de- 



38 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

termine whether missionary work should be encouraged 
among them or not. The famous sachem of the Senecas, 
Red Jacket, favored the measure, and his counsel pre- 
vailed. In the year 1802 a Board of Missions was con- 
stituted, which for nearly twenty-five years continued 
to be the fiscal agent of the Shaftsbury Association. 

Tour of the Kendricks. — In 1808 Rev. Nathaniel 
Kendrick and Rev. Clark Kendrick, under the auspices 
of this Board, made a journey through the State of 
New York, preaching as they went, until they reached 
their destination on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, 
in Canada. They were absent from home eighty-five 
days. In his journal Nathaniel Kendrick says : 

I rode twelve hundred and eighty miles, preached sixty-two ser- 
mons, attended and heard eleven sermons by other ministers, 
preached five funeral discourses, attended two church meetings, 
twice administered the Lord' s Supper, baptized two persons, at- 
tended several conferences, and met with two Associations. 

On his return he had the company of Rev. Elkanah 
Holmes, of Tuscarora Village, of the New York Mis- 
sionary Society, as far as Canandaigua. He relates a 
remarkable providence that came while passing through 
a piece of woods, thirteen miles in extent. A terrific 
wind swept through the forest, the trees falling on every 
side, subjecting them to the greatest peril. The party 
found no place for shelter but traveled on. 

Our protection was too evidently from the hand of Providence to 
pass unnoticed. Our path was much obstructed by the great 
number of trees prostrated across it ; the whole forest was in 
awful commotion for four hours, but we escaped unhurt. 




NATHANIEL KENDRICK, 



Page 38 



EARLY MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS 39 

On the next day Mr. Kendrick was detained to conduct 
the funeral of one who, while using all proper precau- 
tion to save himself from the wind, was instantly killed 
by the falling of a limb from a tree in an open field. 
The next year he undertook another missionary tour of 
twelve weeks over practically the same territory. 

New York Missionary Society. — In the year 1800 
Rev. Elkanah Holmes was sent to the Tuscarora and 
Seneca Indians, in western New York, by the Mission- 
ary Society of New York, an inter-denominational so- 
ciety, formed in New York City in 1792, of which the 
distinguished scholar, Rev. John M. Mason, was secre- 
tary. 1 Mr. Holmes was a Baptist minister of great zeal, 
and tactful in his methods. He lived among the In- 
dians several years and the influence of his work still 
abides. 

Rathbun and Hartwell. — In 1802 Messrs. Rath- 
bun and Hartwell, sent out by the Massachusetts Bap- 
tist Missionary Society, spent several weeks in western 
New York, on their return from a missionary tour in 
Upper Canada. Mr. Rathbun in his report to the so- 
ciety, speaks very approvingly of the work among this 
people. Notwithstanding several excursions of itinerant 

/Benedict says : "But our brethren not finding matters to go on ac- 
cording to their minds, in 1806 withdrew, formed a society by them- 
selves, and very good success attended their exertions. Since they began 
their operations, the sum of their receipts amounts to $5,500. They ex- 
pect in the spring of 1814 to receive $1,000 lately bequeathed to the 
society. The missionaries they have employed are Messrs. Charles La- 
hatt, Elkanah Holmes, Luke Davis, William Pierce, Daniel Steers, Sam- 
uel West, James Harris, Enoch Ferris, and Edmund J. Reis." 



40 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

missionaries through western New York, no churches 
among the white settlers seem to have been organized 
in the district west of the Genesee River prior to 1 807. 

David Irish. — In 1794 Elder David Irish was sent 
to the frontier settlements of New York State by the 
Boston Missionary Society. He located in the town 
of Scipio and began preaching the gospel to the people 
in the various settlements in Cayuga County, organizing 
the first Baptist church in 1795. He may be said to 
be the father of the Cayuga Association. 

Elder Burrows' Journey. — Rev. Archibald Whea- 
ton 1 of Mystic, Conn., gives a very interesting account 
of Elder Roswell Burrows, a zealous young minister of 
the Mystic Church, who was sent in September, 1806, 
by the Groton Union Conference on a missionary tour 
to " the northwestern frontier." He passed through 
the State, stopping at various points, reaching Batavia, 
where he was entertained by Deacon Rice, whose wife 
was a sister of the celebrated Elder John Leland. 
Having heard that he might find Elder Holmes at Buf- 
falo, he pushed on to that place only to be disappointed, 
as Elder Holmes was with the Tuscarora Indians, thirty 
miles away. " Inquiring for Baptists, he learned that 
there were none in the village, nor any one who made a 
profession of religion." Notwithstanding the great im- 
morality of the people, he preached to a large assembly 
in Crowe's tavern. From Buffalo he pressed on to 
Eighteen Mile Creek, where he found about sixty fami- 
lies within a circuit of ten miles. There had never been 

1 In the "Baptist Union " of December 31, 1898. 



EARLY MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS 4 1 

a sermon preached nor a religious meeting held in the 
place. Here he found six or eight professors and united 
them by covenant for worship and watchcare. His 
next place for labor was Canadaway Creek, now Fre- 
donia. This had been but recently settled. He was cor- 
dially welcomed, and on Sunday, the day after his ar- 
rival, preached to a deeply interested assembly, some of 
whom came six or eight miles on ox-carts. Here he 
gathered about twenty Baptists whom he formed into a 
conference, the usual preliminary step to the organiza- 
tion of a church. This church received recognition in 
1 809/ and continues to this day a healthy, vigorous body. 
Before he returned he visited Elder Holmes, and re- 
ported that mission a success, " as the Tuscaroras, who 
were formerly the most rude of the six nations, had now 
become the most civilized." 

The Massachusetts Missionary Society. — Of all 
the early missionary organizations operating in this 
State, to none are we more indebted than to the Mas- 
sachusetts Society, which was formed in 1802, and dur- 
ing the first eleven years expended $12,000 in sending 
missionaries to Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Canada, and New York. The zeal of this society in- 
spired other Baptists to undertake similar work, and 
thus its influence widened and prepared the way for the 
greater missionary societies of after years. Other mis- 
sionary efforts were made by various religious organiza- 
tions ; most of them were ephemeral, yet all had an 
influence in planting the gospel standard in the new 
settlements of the Empire State. 

1 See " Elder Eastman's Journal," p. 52. 



42 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

One result, probably not contemplated by those who 
were active in these missionary efforts, was the dissemi- 
nation of information concerning the State of New 
York, and thus inducing many stanch Baptists from 
the Eastern States to settle in that part of the country. 
Many of the missionaries sent by these societies became 
permanent residents of the State and active participants 
in building up the churches they had planted. Among 
these were Elders Peter P. Roots, David Irish, Joseph 
Cornell, Jesse Hartwell, Samuel Rowley, Lemuel Covell, 
Clark Kendrick, Nathaniel Kendrick, Samuel Churchill, 
Stephen Parsons, and other worthies who came after 
them. 

A careful estimate made by Benedict places the 
amount of money raised for domestic missions by the 
various Baptist missionary institutions from 1803 to 
181 3, at $30,000 — this exclusive of what was given 
in connection with other denominations. One-third of 
this sum was raised by the Massachusetts Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society. 



CHAPTER V 

THE HAMILTON BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 

IT may be unqualifiedly asserted that no other organi- 
zation has contributed so much to the enlargement, 
perpetuity, and unity of the Baptist churches of New 
York State, as the State Missionary Convention ; more 
than this, it has been through all its history an evangel- 
izing agency of far-reaching influence. This society is 
the outgrowth of several different bodies, formed for 
missionary purposes, but stands as the legal successor 
of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society. The fol- 
lowing statement as to its origin is of interest : 

In view of the increased population of the country, their indi- 
gent circumstances and spiritual wants, and the multiplied calls for 
ministerial labor, a number of the friends of Zion met at Pompey, 
Onondaga County, at the house of Elder Nathan Baker, August 
27, 1807, to consider the propriety of forming a society for the 
prosecution of the missionary enterprise in the destitute regions 
around. 

A constitution was adopted. Twenty persons became 
members by the payment of one dollar each. The name 
chosen was the Lake Baptist Missionary Society, as it 
was expected that its efforts would be directed to what 
was called " the Lake country.'' The organization repre- 
sented churches from the two Associations then existing 
in Central New York, the Otsego and Cayuga. On 
October 28., of the same year, the society met at the 

43 



44 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

house of Elisha Payne, in Hamilton, and completed 
the organization by electing the following officers : Pres- 
ident, Elder Ashbel Hosmer ; vice-president, Elder 
Peter P. Roots ; secretary, Jonathan Olmsted ; direc- 
tors, Elders Elisha Ransom, Salmon Morton, David 
Irish, Ora Butler, and Brethren Simeon Gillett, Benja- 
min Pierce, Thomas Cox, Ebenezer Wakely, John Keep, 
Samuel Payne, and Oliver Brown. The title of "elder" 
was usually applied to all ordained ministers among 
Baptists in the early days. 

Honored Names. — The names of some of these noble 
pioneer workers alone remain to us, but the deeds of 
others still live in memory as a fragrant odor. No 
words can adequately express the worth of their charac- 
ters or the value of their labors. Some of these names 
are associated in the mind of the writer with his earliest 
religious recollections, and are cherished in his memory. 
Well does he remember the tall majestic form and 
saintly face of Ebenezer Wakely, for many years deacon 
of the Baptist Church of Pitcher, superintendent of the 
Sunday-school, and honored in civil affairs as well as in 
the church, as he stood for the last time before the 
Chenango Association in the village of Norwich. Boy 
as the writer was, a thrill of veneration was sensibly felt, 
which was shared by the congregation at large. Dea- 
con Wakely was identified with the State Missionary 
Convention through life. The following was entered 
upon the records of the Baptist Church of Pitcher, N. Y. : 

January 22, 1854 : Died this morning Ebenezer Wakely, aged 
eighty-three years. He was one of the first settlers in this town ; 
he brought his family here in 1798. He read a sermon at the 



THE HAMILTON BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 45 

first religious meeting held in this place, and for seven years was 
active and efficient in sustaining meetings without a church or- 
ganization. From the formation of the church (1805) he was 
chosen deacon and clerk, which offices he held until his death. 
He was superintendent of the Sunday-school twenty-four years. 
He loved the church and freely gave to it his time, his prayers, 
and his sympathies. His prayers are ended. 

The names of Olmsted and of Elisha and Samuel Payne 
were intimately associated with the history of the Ham- 
ilton Church, as well as with the Baptist Education 
Society and the institutions of learning now known as 
Colgate University. Samuel Payne contributed the farm 
of 123 acres, on which the buildings of the university 
are located. Mr. Payne was one of the earliest settlers 
of Hamilton. An interesting incident recorded of him 
will serve to give an insight into Mr. Payne's character: 

Being one of the first to penetrate the unbroken wilderness, he 
is said to have taken his axe into his hand, and having struck the 
first blow into one of the trees of the standing forest, he bowed 
the suppliant knee in the solitude of the wilderness, and prayed 
that there might be a Baptist church in the town. It is a pleas- 
ing reminiscence now, to learn that the chosen spot of his devo- 
tions at that time was very near if not the identical site now oc- 
cupied by one of the university buildings. 1 

Mr. Payne settled in Hamilton in 1794. The Hamil- 
ton Church was organized in 1796. Of the first presi- 
dent of the Lake Missionary Society, Elder Ashbel 
Hosmer, then pastor at Hamilton, it is said : 

Great and unwearied have been his labors for the promotion of 
the cause of truth — traveling day and night in snow and rain, 
through dismal wilds and unbeaten paths, often hungry, wet, and 

1 " Life of Nathaniel Kendrick," p. 145. 



46 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

cold, without any prospect of any pecuniary reward. He was of 
sound judgment, deep penetration, quick discernment, persever- 
ing in his designs, and indefatigable in his pursuits. 

He fell asleep April 2, 1812, in the fifty-fourth year of 
his age. 

David Irish. — The following note from the memoirs 
of Elder David Irish, one of the directors of the society, 
is interesting and in place here : 

In 1 794 he removed to the town of Scipio, in the county of 
Cayuga, at which time the county was almost an entire wilder- 
ness. He was the only Baptist minister west of Whitesboro, and 
the field of his labors was very extensive. In the fall of that 
year there was a church established in Scipio, now Venice. He 
soon afterward had the satisfaction of seeing a church arise in 
Aurelius (Fleming), a town adjoining, to which in 1800 he removed 
and continued until his death, which took place September 10, 
181 5. Elder Irish was indefatigable in labor, patient in fatigue, 
and easily surmounted many obstacles which would deter one 
possessed of a mind less resolute. Those who are acquainted 
with the state of new and thinly inhabited countries, cannot form 
an idea of the qualities necessary to enable a minister of Christ 
to plant the gospel in such an extensive region as was traversed 
by this valuable man. One instance which may serve to show 
what he had the fortitude and perseverance to go through, it is 
thought proper to relate. In 1 799, being called with some of his 
brethren of the church in Scipio to assist in organizing a church 
in Phelpstown, Malvern Hill, the roads at that time being totally 
impassable for traveling on horseback by reason of the great 
depth of mud and snow, he encouraged his brethren to undertake 
to travel on foot, a distance of thirty miles, which all but one 
accomplished. He baptized during his ministry 1,280 persons. 

By such men were the foundations laid of that society 
which has grown to be the Baptist Missionary Conven- 
tion of the State of New York. 



THE HAMILTON BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 47 

Object of the Society. — The catholicity of spirit of 
the organizers of the society is clearly indicated by 
the Constitution, which is as follows : 

Constitution of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society 

Adopted, August 30. 1808. 

Article i. This Society shall be known by the name of the 
"Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society." 

Art. 2. This Society shall be composed of those who subscribe 
to this constitution, and pay in advance at least one dollar to its 
funds, and also one dollar annually. 

Art. 3. The object of this Society shall be to send the gospel, 
and other means of promoting the knowledge of God, among such 
of our fellow-creatures as are destitute ; and that either stationary 
or occasional, as prudence may dictate or funds admit. 

Art. 4. The members at their annual meetings, shall appoint 
by ballot, a President, Secretary, Treasurer and eight Directors. 
The President, Secretary, Treasurer, and five of the Directors, 
shall be members in good standing in some regular Baptist church. 
These eleven officers shall compose a Board, of which the Presi- 
dent shall be chairman and the Secretary, clerk. 

Art. 5. The President, by the consent of the majority of the 
Directors, who constitute a quorum, shall have power to call a 
meeting of the Society whenever it shall appear to him necessary ; 
also, as chairman of the Board, he shall have power at his discre- 
tion to call a meeting of the Board. And it shall be his duty to 
call a meeting of the Board whenever requested by three members. 

Art. 6. The chairman with five other members of the Board, 
shall form a quorum to do business. In case of the chairman' s 
absence, any six members. 

Art. 7. The Board shall have power to apply the funds of the 
Society according to their discretion in all cases in which they 
shall not be restricted by the special direction of the Society. 

Art. 8. They shall have power to appoint and to dismiss mis- 
sionaries, and to transact all other necessary business during the 
recess of the Society. 

Art. 9. The Board shall annually exhibit to the Society a par- 



48 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ticular account of the missionaries employed ; the places where 
they have been stationed, or to which they have been sent ; their 
prospect of success ; also, the state of the funds, receipts, and ex- 
penditures ; and whatever else relates to the institution. 

Art. io. The Treasurer shall exhibit, both to the Society and 
Board, the state of the treasury, whenever called upon for that 
purpose. 

Art. ii. The Secretary shall fairly and correctly transcribe and 1 
record the proceedings, both of the Society and Board, in a book 
furnished by the Society. 

Art. 12. In order more effectually to aid the intentions of the 
Society, a subscription shall be kept open for the benefit of its 
funds, that all who are disposed may do something to promote so 
laudable an undertaking. 

Art. 13. The annual meeting of the Society shall be holden on 
the day before the meetings of the Madison Association ; or at 
such time or place as the Society shall appoint. 

Art. 14. The Society shall have power, at their annual meet- 
ing, to make such alterations and additions as experience may 
dictate. 

Art. 15. Any member of this Society, who wishes to discon- 
tinue his membership, upon paying up his dues shall be dis- 
missed. 

This was a platform broad enough for any representa- 
tive of the Great Commission to stand upon and never 
should have been made narrower. God blessed the 
workers and the work. " There shall be a handful of 
corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains : the 
fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon, and they of the 
city shall nourish like the grass of the earth." 

First Missionary. — At the first meeting the Board 
appointed Elder Salmon Morton as its missionary for 
two months, and allowed him four dollars ($4.00) a 
week for his services. At a subsequent meeting of the 



THE HAMILTON BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 49 

Board at Hamilton, Elder Morton reported that he had 
labored eight weeks, in which time he had traveled as 
far as " The Holland Purchase," which was then looked 
upon as " the far West." He reports that, " he was re- 
ceived with great satisfaction by the inhabitants ; and 
that many of the people were made to rejoice in the 
privilege of hearing the preaching of the gospel in their 
destitute condition, while many blessings were bestowed 
upon the Society, and ardent prayers addressed to God 
for its prosperity." It was enough to move a heart of 
stone to witness the expressions of joy shown by the 
people. But the parting scenes were peculiarly inter- 
esting. Nor could Elder Morton witness without emo- 
tion the tears that were shed by the people as they 
earnestly solicited him for a continuance of like favors, 
when giving the parting hand, and exclaiming with tears 
in their eyes, "Do come again. Tell the Society of our 
destitute situation and request them to remember us." 

First Anniversary. — The first annual meeting of 
the Society was held in Pitcher, August 30, 1808, 
Elder Ora Butler, moderator ; John Lawton, clerk. The 
name of the Society was changed to " The Hamilton 
Baptist Missionary Society." The next day at the same 
place the Madison Association was formed, and the 
members of this Association, with a few from Cayuga, 
comprised its principal constituency. The officers pre- 
viously elected were continued with a few changes in 
the Board of Directors. A balance in the treasury of 
$171 was reported. 

Other Missionaries. — In the years 1809, 18 10, 181 1, 
the society sent out the following missionaries : Elders 



50 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Salmon Morton, Elisha Ransom, Joel Butler, Ashbel 
Hosmer, Hezekiah Eastman, John Lawton, John Peck, 
Alfred Bennett, Nathan Baker, and Jonathan Ferris. 
These men performed their work with great credit to 
themselves and abundant blessing to those whom they 
visited. They usually traveled on horseback, in many 
places through long stretches of forest by bridle paths, 
indicated by blazed trees, sharing with the people their 
homely fare in their humble cottages. It was a time 
when men 

Had to go on horseback, and sometimes on " shank's mare," 
And blaze a road for them behind that had to travel thare. 

But they had as a rule a royal welcome. No sooner 
was it known in the settlement that a minister had 
come, than men were ready to herald the news and an- 
nounce the place of meeting, which was usually the 
kitchen or " living room " of some settler who gladly 
opened his doors for religious worship. Where a school- 
house had been erected, that was used as a place of 
meeting for all religious gatherings. The hour, if in 
the evening, was "at early candle light." But so pre- 
cious was the gospel message that the people would lay 
aside all secular affairs at almost any hour that would 
suit the convenience of the preacher. 

It must not be supposed that all were ready to listen 
to the message of the gospel. There were " Sons of 
Belial " even in those days ; yet for curiosity's sake even 
the rougher element would come out to hear the stran- 
ger, and for weeks afterward his message would be the 
subject of serious thought or warm discussion. No 
other agency produced so lasting an influence for good 



THE HAMILTON BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 5 1 

in those early settlements as the visits of these itiner- 
ant evangelists. They were men filled with the Holy 
Spirit and wisdom. They counseled in private and ex- 
horted in public. The wilderness and the solitary places 
were made glad for them, and the desert was made to 
blossom as the rose. We cannot copy all of the re- 
ports. Those recorded in the next chapter may be 
taken as typical of the character of the work done and 
some of the conditions under which it was performed. 



CHAPTER VI 

JOURNALS OF MISSIONARIES 

r PHE Holland Purchase. — It is essential just here 
J^ to give some facts concerning the history of the 
State in order rightly to understand the names of places 
in common use in the early part of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, now almost or quite obsolete. The original charter 
of Massachusetts gave to that commonwealth a title to 
all the land between its north and south boundaries west 
to the Pacific Ocean. A subsequent charter granted to 
the State of New York conflicted with the claims of Mas- 
sachusetts, and serious difficulties arose. A conference 
of the representatives of the two States was held at Hart- 
ford, Conn., December 16, 1786, and it was agreed that 
Massachusetts should have the pre-emption right to all the 
territory in the State of New York, west of a line drawn 
due north from "the eighty-second milestone" on the 
Pennsylvania line, while the sovereignty should remain 
with New York. This line was afterward called " the 
pre-emption line," and is on the meridian of Washington. 
It passes through Seneca Lake and Geneva to Sodus 
Bay on Lake Ontario. In 1787 Massachusetts sold this 
tract of 6,000,000 acres to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel 
Gorham for $1,000,000. Two-thirds of this purchase 
was abandoned by Phelps and Gorham and reverted to 
the State of Massachusetts and subsequently was sold 
to Robert Morris, a patriot of Revolutionary fame, and 
by him was transferred to the Holland Land Company, 
52 



JOURNALS OF MISSIONARIES 53 

except a strip on the eastern border called the Morris 
Reserve. Joseph Ellicott was employed to survey the 
tract, and with others had general supervision of the 
affairs of the company. This tract comprised all lands 
west of what is known as " The Transit Line " ' — a line 
running north and south through the State near the 
eastern border of Orleans County, and was for many 
years known as "The Holland Purchase." The office 
of this company was located at Batavia ; Phelps and 
Gorham located their office in Canandaigua. The open- 
ing of these tracts, and the liberal inducements made by 
agents with offers of free lands for schools and churches, 
induced a rapid immigration to western New York in 
the first quarter of the century, and was no small factor 
in moving Baptists to the organization of a society for 
the evangelization of the new-comers, and the planting 
of churches in the increasing settlements. 

Elder Eastman's Missionary Journey. — In the 
fall of 1809 Elder Hezekiah Eastman made a tour of 
"The Holland Purchase." In his journal for Septem- 
ber 22, he says : 

I set out on a missionary tour to "The Holland Purchase." 
'On the twenty-eighth attended the Cayuga Association — an agree- 
able season. On the thirtieth came to "The Holland Purchase" 
and met with Elder Butler, who informed me that a council was 
to meet at Chautauqua Lake to constitute a church and ordain 
a minister. October 5 I had to pass the nine mile woods, with 
only a footpath and marked trees. It was very cloudy ; night 
came on and I soon lost my way. Wandered about in the rain 
until at last I gave up all hopes of finding my way out. I then 
tied my horse and walked about to avoid suffering with the cold 

1 So called from the name of the instrument used by the surveyors. 



54 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

till about midnight, when the clouds seem to break away a little, 
and had some more light. I then tried to steer my way through 
the woods, leading my horse and feeling my way. It however 
soon became dark as ever, with wind and rain, and was exceed- 
ingly cold. I still kept creeping on expecting that I must perish. 
At length I thought that God is in the wilderness, and a present 
help in time of trouble. I felt encouraged to put my trust in him. ' 
At length, directed by a kind Providence, I came to a house. On 
the next day came to the lake (Erie) and with great difficulty 
passed around the point. The wind and waves were so high, and 
I got so wet and cold, and I thought that I must perish, but after 
riding eight miles in this condition I came to a house, got some 
refreshments, and then rode to, Canadaway (Fredonia) and met 
Elders Butler and Handy ; on the eighth came to the place where 
the council was to meet ; on the tenth the council met. A number 
of brethren and sisters presented themselves and after examina- 
tion received fellowship as a church. The church then presented 
Brother Jones as a candidate for ordination. After due examination 
agreed to set him apart to the work of the ministry. Elders Roots, 
Butler, Handy, and myself assisted in the ordination. The season 
was delightful. On the seventeenth returned to Canadaway, found 
Elders Butler and Handy ; the brethren here desiring us to meet 
with them, to examine into their standing. On the eighteenth met 
with the brethren and gave them fellowship as a church. I then 
continued itinerating from place to place, preaching, exhorting, 
and warning as I had opportunity, until the fifteenth of November, 
when I set out on my return home. On the eighteenth came to 
Phelpstown, where was a revival of religion. I then continued my 
journey, and on the twenty-eighth arrived in safety at my own 
house, and found my family and friends in good health. I feel 
that the Lord has been with me while traveling through the desert 
and visiting the scattered inhabitants of this wilderness. 

Tour of Elder John Peck. — A year later Elder 
John Peck made a tour to the West. He wrote : 

Dear Brethren : Agreeable to the appointment I received 
from you, I left my family and the dear people of my charge June 



JOURNALS OF MISSIONARIES 55 

5, 1810, and set out on my tour to the West. I preached at dif- 
ferent places until I arrived at Elder Irish' s, in Aurelius (Fleming), 
where I preached in the evening, and received much instruction 
both as to the country and the people where I was going. Next 
day rode to Phelps, and next day, being Lord' s Day, preached to 
a crowded and solemn assembly. On Monday I designed to 
pursue my journey, but by the request of Elder Wisner and the 
church I stayed and attended the ordination of Brother William 
Roe, one of their members. I preached in the vicinity daily until 
the council met. Thursday, June 14, the ordination of Brother 
William Roe was attended in the following manner : I tried to 
preach on the occasion from Ps. 126 : 6 ; Elder Jeremiah Irons 
offered the ordaining prayer, and laid on hands with Elder Wis- 
ner and Shays ; Elder Solomon Goodell gave the charge ; Elder 
Samuel Messenger the hand of fellowship ; Elder Daniel Irons 
made the concluding prayer. The exercises appeared to be at- 
tended with the smiles of heaven. From thence I pursued my 
journey and preached in Gorham, Palmyra, Bloomfield, and 
Livonia. In Avon I called on Elder William Furman, that aged 
father in the gospel, and the season was agreeable to me. He 
still appears to be engaged in the service of his divine Master, 
and though he has been called to pass through a scene of trials 
yet he appears to be worshiping, leaning on the top of his staff. 
I parted with him and rode to Batavia ; preached in the evening 
at the court-house ; next morning visited the prisoners. Some of 
them were confined for passing counterfeit money, and one for 
murder. I gave as good advice as I was able ; I tried to demon- 
strate from the confinement they here justly suffered the prison 
mankind are in by nature, and to show that Christ is the only door 
to liberty ; and as they expected to have their trial shortly, so they, 
with all mankind, must be tried at the bar of God, and if not pre- 
pared by grace, they must sink beneath the grave, into that prison 
where there is no hope of reprieve. After this conversation I tried 
to pray with them ; some of them appeared much affected. After 
receiving their thanks for my visit I parted with them. I then 
calculated to go direct to Buffalo, and rode thirteen miles. As I 
got through the eight mile woods I came out to a little settlement 
of three families and by their request I preached a sermon to 



56 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

them, and I believe the Lord was present. I had the whole set- 
tlement together, and one traveler, which made ten souls, and they 
all seemed to listen as for eternity. I then rode five miles and 
providentially put up with a Baptist brother for the night, and by 
request preached the next morning to a solemn assembly. I 
thought then to pursue my journey, and took leave of the family, 
leaving them in tears, and went a mile and a half to take some 
refreshment. Here a number of the neighbors had collected to- 
gether and solicited me to tarry longer. Of the number two 
women desired to go forward in the ordinance of baptism. I 
thought truly the Lord had more work for me here. I consented 
to spend the next Lord' s Day with them, and to preach to them 
on Saturday at ten o' clock, then rode six miles to a new settle- 
ment, and found two brethren and a few sisters. They had agreed 
to meet each Lord' s Day for the worship of God ; they seemed to 
rejoice to see me come to visit them in their lonely situation ; 
there had been but one sermon preached in the place by a Bap- 
tist, and that by old Elder Niles, of Sempronius. The next day 
the settlement came together and I tried to preach to them, and 
think it was a comfortable season to my soul, and it appeared to 
be to others. The next day returned to the aforementioned ap- 
pointment and preached at ten o'clock A. M. to a crowded as- 
sembly. After the meeting closed the two women before men- 
tioned and a young man came forward and related what the Lord 
had done for their souls. After this I requested that if any one 
had anything on their minds to communicate, they would embrace 
the opportunity. I think there were upward of a dozen that spoke, 
the most of them being Baptist professors. The season was glo- 
rious, and it seemed that the Lord was there in very deed. 

Lord' s Day, June 24, I preached to the people assembled in a 
grove, there being no house sufficiently large to hold them. At 
the close I baptized three persons, the first that were baptized in 
this part of the country. It was a solemn scene, and saints and 
sinners seemed alike affected. June 25 rode to Buffalo, and at 
the desire of the people preached in the court-house. Next day 
rode to Eighteen Mile Creek, and preached in different places five 
times, and as the attention and the wish of the people seemed so 
urgent, I agreed to spend three days with them the next week. I 



JOURNALS OF MISSIONARIES 57 

returned to Buffalo and on the Lord's Day delivered two sermons 
in the court-house. The people gave good attention, and appeared 
to be thankful for the visit On Monday returned to Eighteen 
Mile Creek and preached to the people who had assembled in a 
grove. We then repaired to the water-side, and after singing a 
.hymn, and solemn prayer to God, I baptized a woman. The Lord 
evidently graced his ordinance at this time with his divine pres- 
ence. After this I preached three times before I left the neigh- 
borhood, and every meeting seemed to be attended with some 
token of divine approbation. The people, notwithstanding the 
busy season of the year and the roughness of the roads, would 
travel, some even ten miles on foot, to hear the word of God pro- 
claimed by such a feeble instrument. On Thursday returned to 
Buffalo and preached to a solemn assembly, then rode to Clarence, 
and on Saturday, as I had agreed, met with the brethren in con- 
ference. I advised them when here before, to meet in conference 
and gain acquaintance as to their standing, ideas of doctrine, 
practice, etc., and try to maintain the worship of God. They met 
at one o'clock p. m. The meeting being opened, they related 
their Christian experience, conversed on articles of faith, practice, 
and a covenant, and there was a happy agreement. Then five 
persons came forward and related what the Lord had done for 
their souls, and wished to be baptized. It was a joyful time. 

Lord' s Day, July 8, I preached to a crowded assembly, some of 
whom came from a distance of twenty miles. One man came 
forty miles for the purpose of attending the meeting. In the after- 
noon I preached to the youth, and a more solemn attention I never 
witnessed. At the close we repaired to the water, three miles dis- 
tant, where I baptized five persons, three males and two females. 
It was a continued scene of solemnity. On Monday I thought of 
setting out for home, but duty called me to stay another day. At 
ten o'clock a. m. I met the brethren and sisters in conference, 
and we had an agreeable interview. Twenty-one brethren and 
sisters covenanted together to maintain the worship of God. 
What a beautiful sight in this wilderness. At two o' clock in the 
afternoon the people assembled for public worship, and I preached 
to them. I was now called to pass through a solemn scene. I had 
formed a short, but agreeable acquaintance, and now we must 



58 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

part I took an affectionate leave of them, not expecting to see 
them again. Many tears were shed. Oh, how my soul felt to 
leave them ! A little handful of brethren and sisters, like sheep 
without a shepherd in this wilderness. Some of them living ten 
miles apart, and no one to go before them as an under-shepherd. 
This passage of truth, however, comforted me : "He shall feed 
his flock like a shepherd ; he shall gather the lambs with his arm 
and carry them in his bosom." I thought I could leave them in 
the hands of Him that hath said, '* I will never leave thee nor for- 
sake thee." Next day I set out for home, and on Saturday, July 
14, returned safely to my family, and through the goodness of God 
found them in good health. From the time when I left home 
until my return was five weeks and four days, in which time I 
traveled about five hundred and fifty miles, attended one council, 
one ordination, four conferences, baptized nine persons, and tried 
to preach thirty-six times. I have been blessed with health and 
think I have enjoyed some small share of that peace which the 
world cannot give nor take away ; and though I traveled alone 
the way did not seem long nor the time disagreeable. I sub- 
scribe myself, through the grace of God, your unworthy brother 
and servant in the Lord, 

John Peck. 

Elder Lawton's Journey. — The reports of Elders 
Alfred Bennett, Nathan Baker, Ashbel Hosmer, and 
John Lawton are full of interesting details. They con- 
fined their journeys to New York, and in various places 
west of " The Pre-emption Line," except John Lawton, 
whose route was through Tioga County, touching at 
Caroline, Candor, Owego, and on into Pennsylvania. 
At the first-named place he relates the baptism by 
Elder Peck, who accompanied him as far as Owego, of 
two Africans who were slaves. One a young man of 
eighteen, named James Haborn, who possessed rare 
gifts of speech, having by the assistance of the churches 
purchased his freedom, afterward became pastor of the 



JOURNALS OF MISSIONARIES 59 

African Baptist Church, in New York City. Elder 
Lawton found great destitution on this journey, and 
seems to have been much used of God in awakening 
the people. Elder Hosmer closes his report with these 
words 

Have been absent forty-five days ; preached forty times ; at- 
tended one council for ordination, three conferences, one church 
meeting, and baptized eleven persons. I have found my health 
and strength increase. I have not wanted for attentive audiences, 
and what good will come of it I must leave with Him who is in- 
finite in wisdom. 

In 18 1 3 Elder John Upfold, of Fabius, performed a 
journey of three weeks, in which he visited and preached 
at Manlius, Camillus, Volney, Oswego Falls (near Ful- 
ton), and Cicero. "I believe," he remarks, "that people 
more destitute of the gospel will scarcely be found in 
America, nor perhaps a people that will treat the mis- 
sionaries with greater respect, than those to whom I 
have been preaching." 

Some of these brethren made several missionary 
journeys, the records of which have been lost to us, 
but not to the Master, who will give them due honor in 
the great day. 

The following entry on the record of the society 
shows how graciously the work was blessed : " At the 
eighteenth annual meeting, held in Hamilton, Septem- 
ber, 1 8 14, the reports of the missionaries were so en- 
couraging that the Board thanked God and, taking cour- 
age, appointed missionaries for forty weeks." 



CHAPTER VII 

NEW DEVELOPMENTS 

THE Hamilton Church. — The same divine wisdom, 
that gave the command to begin at Jerusalem in 
the work of spreading the gospel, seems to have directed 
the first organized Baptist missionary efforts in the 
State of New York. The village of Hamilton, where 
the movement centered, was accessible in its location 
and lay in a fertile valley with a climate and surround- 
ings unsurpassed in the Empire State. These physical 
advantages were supplemented by a church composed 
of many remarkable men — men of great spirituality, 
superior intelligence, and sound religious opinions. The 
church had already, in 1807, an honorable history and 
felt the revival spirit of the times. In 1798, a young 
man who had been a leader in the merry circles of 
youth, was suddenly brought into the deepest concern 
for the salvation of his soul. The' poignant and heart- 
searching preaching of those times, and the penitent 
expressions of this young man, made so deep an im- 
pression upon several of the youth that they left their 
schools and went to see him. They found him in deep 
distress. 

The night following there was a meeting for prayer 
and conference at the house of Deacon Samuel Payne. 
It was a memorable season. The tongues of the saints 
were loosed and their prayers and exhortations were 
fervent and searching. Sinners cried, "What shall I 
60 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 6 1 

do to be saved ? " This revival soon became wide- 
spread and proved to be lasting in its results. Dur- 
ing the progress of this work of grace a noted deist, 
who delighted much in reading Paine's " Age of Rea- 
son" and in opposing the Bible, was converted and be- 
came an earnest defender of the faith and a pillar in 
the church. His name was Daniel Hatch, one of the 
pioneer Baptists of Eaton, whose hospitality and liber- 
ality gave him a wide and honorable reputation among 
the saints. This was the first of a remarkable series 
of revivals that blessed this historic church, and which 
we devoutly hope and pray may be continued to the 
end. 

First Woman's Missionary Society. — Woman's 
interest in missions early took organized form, as the 
following unique record will show: In February, 1812, 
Mrs. Betsy Payne and Mrs. Freedom Olmsted appeared 
before the Board of the Hamilton Missionary Society 
and presented the following letter : 

To the Directors of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary 
Society. 
Brethren : Being sensible of the lost situation into which the 
human family have plunged themselves by the fall, and that the 
only way of recovery is through faith in the Redeemer, and that 
it has pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them 
that believe, and that faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the 
word of God, and being instructed that they that preach the gos- 
pel should live of the gospel, we have thought it our duty to assist 
you in your laudable efforts to disseminate the gospel among the 
destitute, for which purpose we present you with twenty yards of 
fulled cloth, and wish you to receive it and dispose of it for the 
above purpose. And may the great Head of the church increase 
our zeal and bless your endeavors for the advancement of his 



62 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

kingdom. By order and in behalf of the Hamilton Female Bap- 
tist Missionary Society. 

Freedom Olmsted. 

Hamilton, N. Y , Feb 19, 1812 BETSY PAYNE. 

This was the first woman's society formed in this 
part of the country, but many others were organized 
among the churches soon after. These noble women, 
though long since passed to heaven, have a multitude of 
worthy successors still engaged in the blessed work at 
home and abroad. 1 These societies proved helpful and 
efficient auxiliaries in the work. When one considers 
the low commercial value of goods of domestic manu- 
facture at that time, it is deserving of note that two 
years after the Hamilton Female Society was organized 
there were presented to the Board by these societies 
articles of their own manufacture valued at $148, repre- 
senting hours of patient toil at the spinning-wheel and 
loom. 

1 " In 1800 fourteen women, some Baptists, some Congregationalists, 
united to form ' The Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes, ' 
raising the first year $150 for home missions. It has been remarked 
that the very first organization in the country, distinctively missionary in 
character, of which any record is preserved, was of women, and charac- 
teristically, women of Boston." — H. L. Morehouse, d. d., in "History 
American Baptist Home Mission Society." 

"The first society of this kind [among Baptists] was formed in Bos- 
ton, in 1809. This has contributed $500 ; the Boston Cent Society, 
about $400 ; and a society of little children in the same town, $85. 
These societies are formed of religious women, and of those who are 
favorably disposed toward the propagation of the gospel abroad ; their 
rule is to give a cent a week, that is fifty-two cents a year ; those who 
are disposed give more. They make their collections quarterly, and by 
their laudable exertions, by this new and unprecedented economy of 
raising money in a way which no one can feel, these societies have 
together, within a very few years past, contributed for missionary pur- 
poses between $2,000 and $3,000." — " Benedict's History," 1813. 




MRS. HELEN M. RANDALL 



See page 245. 



Page 62. 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 63 

Periodical Literature Inaugurated. — It has been 
said that God never makes half a providence. While 
he was preparing missionaries for the foreign field and 
thrusting them upon the Baptist churches by the con- 
version of Judson and Rice to the Baptist faith, he was 
at the same time preparing the people in this country 
to receive these messengers of the Cross, and to co- 
operate with them in the work of world-wide evan- 
gelization. One of the most potent agencies in the 
home work of foreign missions is the press. The need 
of periodical literature, to keep the people well informed 
concerning missions, was early felt by the fathers. 

"The Vehicle." — In April, 1814, Elders Peter P. 
Roots, Daniel Hascall, John Lawton, and John Peck, 
commenced the publication of a magazine called " The 
Vehicle." The first number appeared in May, the 
second in August. In September following the pro- 
prietors offered the same to the society. The offer was 
accepted, and Elders John Lawton, John Peck, and 
Daniel Hascall were appointed editors, and Elder John 
Peck, general agent. Subsequently Elder Nathaniel 
Kendrick, Thomas Purinton, and Alfred Bennett were 
added to the editorial staff. The name was changed to 
" The Western Baptist Magazine " and it was published 
quarterly. The magazine was continued through four 
volumes, consisting of forty-five numbers. At the union 
of the Hamilton Society with the State Missionary Con- 
vention it was merged in the " New York Baptist Reg- 
ister." This publication served a useful purpose in 
spreading religious, denominational, and missionary in- 
telligence among the churches. It was edited with 



64 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

marked ability by men of great natural endowments, 
consecrated talents, and fervent piety. There were 
ends served by this publication other than the spread of 
religious intelligence. It brought the men editorially 
and otherwise connected with it into closer fellowship 
with one another, and promoted unity among the 
churches, thus preparing them for other great enter- 
prises which God in his providence was soon to call 
into being. No man can read the history of the dec- 
ade from 1 8 14 to 1824 without being impressed with 
a sense of the magnitude of the plans formed within it. 
Clearly now one sees how God prepared his workers 
and endowed them with wisdom for laying foundations 
so broad and solid, that the superstructures in which we 
now rejoice are of the most substantial and enduring 
character. 

John Lawton. — Elder John Lawton, to whom we 
are chiefly indebted for the conception of " The Vehicle," 
was a very modest man of great faith, self-education, and 
of deep piety. He was born October 8, 1759, in Bar- 
rington, R. I. At the age of sixteen he enlisted in the 
army and served three years and eight months. He 
was present at the battle of Saratoga, and witnessed the 
surrender of Burgoyne. For several years he engaged 
in teaching, for which by patient toil he had prepared 
himself, and which he greatly enjoyed. While thus 
engaged he was converted, through the instrumentality 
of some of his pupils who were the subjects of the 
religious awakening then in progress, and soon after 
was constrained to enter the gospel ministry. He was, 
after many varied experiences, ordained in Butternuts 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 65 

(now Morris), Otsego County, as first pastor of that his- 
toric church. The services were conducted on a plat- 
form erected in the open air and were attended with 
great solemnity. He married Mary, daughter of Cap- 
tain Joseph Hooker, of Greenwich, Mass., an estimable 
woman, who was a great help to him in his work. His 
labors were greatly blessed on this field, and by Septem- 
ber, 1799, ne nac * baptized sixty-one converts. Besides 
his work in the home church, for one year he rode a 
circuit of over fifty miles, once in two weeks. He con- 
tinued in work of this kind for many years as health 
and strength permitted. In 1804 he became pastor at 
Lisle (now Upper Lisle), Broome County. In 1805, 
the church at German (now Pitcher) was organized, and 
he divided his labors between the two places, about 
twenty miles apart. In 1809 he removed to the latter 
place, where he resided until his peaceful departure to 
be with Christ, January 30, 1838. The name of Elder 
Lawton was a household word. He was highly loved 
and respected by the parents of the writer, as their pas- 
tor for many years. During his pastorate at Pitcher 
the church saw its golden days of prosperity. Among 
those brought into the church was the late C. P. Shel- 
don, d. d., of Troy, so well and widely known as pastor, 
president of the Convention from 1858 to 1859, an ^ 
from 1867 to 1870, and District Secretary of the Home 
Mission Society, 

Foreign Missions. — At the eighth annual meeting of 
the Hamilton Missionary Society, held in Morrisville, 
September, 181 5, the reports of work accomplished and 
funds contributed were of the most encouraging charac- 



66 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ter. The salaries of the missionaries were increased to 
five dollars per week. But the event of the meeting 
was a visit from Rev. John M. Peck, as agent of Rev. 
Luther Rice, who presented the claims of foreign mis- 
sions in a thrilling speech. That address was evidently 
inspired by the Holy Spirit and mightily moved the 
hearts of the people. The following extract from the 
journal of Mr. Peck possesses historic value. Speaking 
of this visit he says : 

In the afternoon the Hamilton Domestic Missionary Society 
met and arranged their affairs for the coming year. This society 
is greatly assisted by female auxiliaries, who manufacture cloth 
and other useful articles. It is in encouraging circumstances. In 
the evening I conversed with some of the brethren on forming a 
society for foreign missions. My mind is still peculiarly happy 
in divine things. 

The next day was full of thrilling interest. " During 
the address of Brother Peck," one record has it, "the 
solemn attention, the trickling tear, the sob and groan, 
disclosed that the tenderest feelings of the heart were 
touched." It was suggested at the close of this ad- 
dress that a collection for the cause presented be now 
taken, when one hundred and three dollars ($103.00) 
was freely and gladly given. When we consider the 
poverty of the people and the financial stringency of 
the times, this offering was most generous. 

The enthusiasm did not die with the occasion. Several 
societies auxiliary to the Baptist Convention of the 
United States for Foreign Missions were soon organ- 
ized, and the pastors caught the evangelistic fire and 
carried it into their pulpits, spreading it among their 
churches. The following extract, written more than 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 67 

sixty years ago, shows the state of feeling prevailing in 
the churches at the time. 

Notwithstanding the ardent zeal enkindled in the hearts of the 
brethren for evangelizing the heathen, yet their ardor for supply- 
ing the destitute at home was not abated, but increased. They 
believed then, as experience has since taught, that these precious 
interests are only parts of one vast field which the great Head of 
the church has embraced in one commission, whose influence on 
each other is reciprocally beneficial. Home is the foundation of 
foreign operations, and foreign prosperity kindles expansive de- 
sires and noble energy at home. It becomes, therefore, all the 
saints to see to it that the high responsibilities attached to each are 
faithfully discharged. The Lord has given ample treasure to his 
people to meet all the claims he makes upon them for these great 
interests. The saints more and more see and feel it. Of what 
benefit would be all the wealth which God is pouring into the 
coffers of his children if he did not provide these blessed ways for 
its expenditure ? It would certainly ruin them ; they would be 
fearfully exposed to the consumption of it on their appetites and 
lusts. 

There is a ring of sagacity and truthfulness about 
these words that makes them especially timely to-day. 
There should not be the slightest competition among 
our missionary organizations. The division of the one 
great cause of evangelization into separate organizations 
is like the division of an army into brigades, regiments, 
and companies, but all under control of one general 
commander. Jesus Christ is, if we are true to him, 
guiding his hosts, under whatever name, for the estab- 
lishment of his kingdom and for the overthrow of evil. 
Every truly gospel church is a missionary organization, 
and every individual member is an integral part of God's 
host, personally responsible to the Lord Jesus Christ 



68 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

for his part in extending the Redeemer's kingdom 
throughout the whole world. 

The Society Legally Incorporated. — The ninth 
annual meeting was held at Cazenovia, September ioth, 
1816. The reports of the missionaries were exceed- 
ingly cheering and greatly encouraged the society to go 
forward in its labors. This year will be remembered 
as one of great distress among the farmers, " the year 
without a summer." At this meeting Ebenezer Wakely 
and Jonathan Olmsted, being members of the legis- 
lature, were appointed to present to that body a peti- 
tion for an act of incorporation, and conduct the matter 
as agents of the society. At the tenth annual meeting, 
held at North Norwich, the charter was received. The 
following is the title : " An Act to incorporate the 
Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society " (passed March 
28, 1 8 17). The Act contains seven sections, and is 
after the usual form, except in certain restrictions, 
which at least seem singular. The last clause of Sec- 
tion I. reads : 

The Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society shall be in law capa- 
ble of purchasing, holding, and conveying any estate, real or per- 
sonal, for the use of said society, provided always that such real 
or personal estate shall not at any time exceed the annual value 
of two thousa?id dollars. 

Why that limit was established does not at this time 
appear, except that perhaps some over-cautious legislator 
feared the possibility that the society might accumulate 
such wealth as to endanger public morals by corrupting 
legislation — a danger that is not yet in sight, though 
more than four-score years have passed since the Act 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 69 

was placed on the statute books of the State. Section 
VII. reads : 

This Act shall be and remain in force for the term of twenty- 
five years, provided, nevertheless, that if the said society shall ap- 
propriate their funds, or any part thereof, to any purpose or pur- 
poses other than those intended and contemplated by this Act, 
or shall at a?iy time pass any law or regulation affecting the rights 
of conscience, that thenceforth said corporation shall cease and be 
void; and provided further, that nothing herein contained shall 
be construed to prevent the legislature at any time in their dis- 
cretion, within the said period, from altering or repealing this Act. 

The italics show those restrictions for which the rea- 
sons are not now apparent. This Act was amended in 
1825 so as to change the name of the society to the 
Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New 
York, and again amended in 1841, in 1862, and in 
1887, when the charter was made perpetual. An Act 
was passed in 1 898, consolidating all previous Acts, and 
so amending the charter as to remove all unnecessary 
restrictions. 

The Charter. — In order that the records may be 
complete and the large purposes of the founders under- 
stood in their entirety, the full charter is here inserted : 

Whereas, John Peck, and certain other persons, have formed 
themselves into a society by the name and style of the " Hamil- 
ton Baptist Missionary Society " for the purpose of propagating 
the gospel among the destitute, and have prayed to be incorporated, 
the better to promote their benevolent designs, therefore, 

Be it enacted, by the People of the State of New York, repre- 
sented in the Senate and Assembly, that all persons that now are 
or hereafter may become, members of said Society, according to 
such rules as they may agree upon or establish, shall be, and 



70 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

hereby are, ordained, constituted, and appointed, a body politic 
and corporate, in fact and in name, by the name of the "Hamil- 
ton Baptist Missionary Society." And by that name they, and 
their successors, shall and may have succession and shall be per- 
sons, in law, capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being 
impleaded, in all courts and places whatsoever, in all matter of 
action and actions, suits, matters, causes, and complaints, what- 
soever. And that they and their successors may have a common 
seal, and may change and alter the same at pleasure. And also 
that they and their successors by the name of the "Hamilton 
Baptist Missionary Society" shall be in law, capable of purchas- 
ing, holding, and conveying, any estate, real or personal, for the 
use of said Society ; provided always that such real or personal 
estate shall not at any time exceed the annual value of two thous- 
and dollars. 

2. And be it further enacted, That for the better carrying into 
effect the objects of the said Society, the officers of the same shall 
consist of eleven directors, to wit : A President, Secretary, Treas- 
urer, and eight other Directors, who shall hold their office for one 
year, or until others are chosen in their stead, and shall be elected 
on the second Tuesday in September, in each year, or at such 
other time, and at such place, as the corporation shall from time 
to time appoint. And that every election shall be by ballot, by 
the majority of the members present at such meeting. 

3. Be it further enacted, That the following persons shall be 
the first Directors of the said Society, to wit ; John Peck, first 
President ; John Lawton, first Secretary ; Daniel Lathrop, first 
Treasurer ; and Joseph Coley, Nathan Baker, John Keep, Thomas 
Cox, Samuel Torrey, Joseph Card, Alfred Bennet, and Samuel 
Payne, other Directors of said Society ; all of which Directors 
shall hold their office respectively until the second Tuesday of 
next September, or until others be chosen in their stead. 

4. And be it further enacted, That, at every meeting of the 
Directors of the said Society, when six Directors are met, they 
shall be a quorum for transacting any business concerning said 
Society which may come before them, or may adjourn from time 
to time as circumstances may require. 

5. And be it further enacted, That the said corporation and 



NEW DEVELOPMENTS 7 1 

their successors, shall have full power to make, constitute, ordain, 
and establish, such by-laws, rules, and regulations as they from 
time to time shall judge proper for the management, well-being, 
and regulating the said Society, provided always that no regula- 
tion shall be made in any wise to control the religious principles, 
or affect the rights of conscience of any person whatsoever. And 
provided further, that such by-laws, rules, and regulations, be not 
repugnant to the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of 
this State. 

6. And be it further enacted, That this Act be and hereby is 
declared to be a public act ; and shall be construed in all courts 
and places benignly and favorably for every purpose therein in- 
tended. 

7. And be it further enacted, That this Act shall be and remain 
in force and virtue for the term of twenty-five years, provided, 
nevertheless, that, if the said Society shall appropriate their funds 
or any part thereof, to any purpose or purposes other than those 
intended and contemplated by this act, or shall at any time pass 
any law or regulation affecting the rights of conscience, that 
thenceforth said corporation shall cease, and be void ; and pro- 
vided further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to 
prevent the Legislature, at any time, in their discretion, within 
the said period, from altering or repealing this act 

Review of the Decade. — Ten years had now passed 
since the organization of the society. There had been 
a decided progress along all lines. At the beginning 
one missionary had been appointed for eight weeks at 
four dollars per week, now missionaries were appointed 
for eighty weeks at five dollars per week. The same 
method of itinerating still obtained ; new churches 
were established in various parts of the State, and 
the small dependent churches were strengthened and 
encouraged. 

During this period the Holland Purchase Association 
had been formed as a direct result of missionary labor. 



72 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

From the best records obtainable it appears that this 
Association was organized in 1810, 1 at the house of 
John Tolls in Bennington, as the Holland Purchase 
Baptist Conference. Elder Reuben Osborn, the only 
minister present, was moderator, and Dr. Eastman, 
clerk. The first published Minutes are those of the 
meeting held September 14, 18 12, at the house of 
Lemuel Castle, in Sheldon ; Elder Osborn was moder- 
ator, and Ezekiel Smith, of Hamburg, clerk. Ten 
churches were represented ; First Attica, 1806; Sheldon, 
Hamburg, 181 2; Willink (now East Aurora), 18 10; 
Pomfret (now Fredonia), 1808; Second Warsaw, Chau- 
tauqua, Second Pomfret, Second Attica, Third Warsaw. 
The only ordained ministers in the Association at that 
time were, Elder Eleazer Osborn, of Attica, and Elder 
Joy Handy, of Pomfret. Other Associations had been 
organized in the State as follows : Essex, 1802; Sara- 
toga, 1 804 ; the Black River and Madison, 1 808 ; 
Union, 1 8 1 o ; Franklin, 1 8 1 1 ; St. Lawrence, 1 8 1 2 ; 
Lake George, 1 8 1 7 ; Genesee, 1 8 1 7. 

There were in the State at the end of this first 
decade, 18 17, eighteen Associations, about 310 Bap- 
tist churches, 230 ministers and 28,000 members. 

Meanwhile the State passed a very trying period in 
its history. The war with England, 1812-1814, had 
largely engrossed public attention. The missionary 
enterprise had made slow progress, and the country 

1 The name of this Association was changed in 1840, to Buffalo. In 
the " New York Baptist Annual " the date of the organization is 1808, 
which is evidently a mistake, as the date here given is taken from the 
history of the Holland Purchase Association, written in 1852, by Rev. 
Whitman Metcalf, and is undoubtedly correct. 






NEW DEVELOPMENTS 73 

at large had been greatly depressed in various ways. 
This circumstance was not without its compensations. 
The patriotic spirit of the people had been aroused 
and the bond of union between the States more firmly 
cemented. The season of gloom quickly passed and 
the churches soon manifested a fresh zeal in evangel- 
izing the new settlements of the State. 



CHAPTER VIII 

ADVANCE ALONG MANY LINES 

EDUCATIONAL Beginnings.— God makes a man 
before he makes an organization. An institution 
is no more efficient than the men who compose it ; has 
no higher ideals than those of the best men who are its 
leaders. A thousand men climbing a mountain will go 
no higher than the strongest one in the company. The 
divine plan comprehends not only the men, but the 
agencies that fit men for their sphere of action. When 
the Hamilton Missionary Society was organized it gave 
work to the ministry, but did not undertake to fit the 
ministry for that work. It became evident that an edu- 
cational institution was needed. 

Daniel Hascall. — God had prepared the man to be 
a leader in the educational enterprise. Rev. Daniel 
Hascall had been raised up for that very purpose. He 
inherited a strong physical constitution, possessed a 
vigorous, well-trained intellect, strong will, and a sympa- 
thetic heart. He was born in Bennington, Vt., February 
24, 1792, of religious parents, who in 1785 moved to 
Pawlet, Vt. In 1799, after some very serious mental 
conflicts, in which he experienced deep conviction for 
sin, he was converted to Christ and united with the 
Baptist church in Pawlet. By dint of hard work in 
teaching to pay expenses, he was enabled to enter Mid- 
dlebury College, from which he graduated in 1803. In 
74 




DANIEL HASCALL. 



Page 74. 



ADVANCE ALONG MANY LINES 75 

1 808 he became pastor at Elizabethtown, N. Y., and in 
1 81 3 settled as pastor at Hamilton. He entered heartily 
into the work of the Hamilton Missionary Society, and 
not only acted as a member of the Board, but performed 
several missionary journeys into the new settlements 
farther west. In 1 8 1 5 he began to receive pious young- 
men into his family for instruction, and in 181 7 under- 
took the work of enlisting his brethren in the organiza- 
tion of a society for the education of young men pre- 
paratory to the gospel ministry. 

The Education Society. — The meeting of the mis- 
sionary society, on September 9, 1 8 1 7, was followed on 
the twenty-fourth of the same month by another in the 
house of Deacon Jonathan Olmsted, in Hamilton, for 
the purpose of organizing an education society. The fol- 
lowing brethren were present : Rev. Messrs. J. Bostwick, 
Peter P. Roots, Joel W. Clark, Amos Kingsley, Daniel 
Hascall, Nathaniel Kendrick (at that time but recently 
settled as pastor at Eaton, N. Y.), Deacons Jonathan 
Olmsted, Samuel Payne, Samuel Osgood, Dr. Charles 
W. Hull, and brethren Thomas Cox and Robert Powell. 
The last, afterward an ordained minister, is remem- 
bered by the writer as the sole survivor at the jubilee 
anniversary of the founding of the institution at Hamil- 
ton, August 4, 1869. Eight of this number were from 
the Hamilton Church, two from the Second Baptist 
Church, in Eaton, one from Sangerfleld, one from Hart- 
wick, and one, probably P. P. Roots, was an itinerant 
missionary of the Hamilton Missionary Society. These 
men were interested in missions, both domestic and for- 
eign, and several of them were members of the Board. 



76 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

The first meeting is vividly described by Rev. Robert 
Powell, to whose account we are indebted for many par- 
ticulars of that interesting occasion : 

The most of the brethren were seated on the south side of the 
room. Rev. John Bostwick was chosen moderator, and Dr. 
Charles W. Hull, clerk. The meeting duly organized must then 
advance to the momentous question before it. Side by side 
sit those men who for so many years were yoked together and 
foremost in this enterprise, namely, Hascall and Kendrick. None 
are hasty to deliver their opinions. There is a look of gravity 
upon all countenances indicative of deep thought. There en- 
sues a period of profound silence in the meeting, as if all by 
common consent were engaged in- silent prayer. The hour was 
a momentous one. The object for which they had assembled 
was one of immense, almost appalling, magnitude. The crisis 
was upon them. They and they alone must meet it. There 
was an evident trembling under the weight of responsibility 
rolled upon them. Apprehensive lest they were unequal to the 
burden, and yet they saw no others to assume the burden of that 
eventful hour. Under the guidance of Divine Providence they 
had advanced to a point from which they did not dare in con- 
science to recede. Shrink they could not, like the children of 
Israel in the valley of Migdol. They must proceed, though an 
undivided sea confronted them. At this stage of their reflections 
they instinctively turn to heavenly counsel. Prayer is proposed 
and Mr. Kendrick is desired to lead in this exercise. All bow 
their knees before God and their hearts go out as the heart of one 
man. When this season of devotion is concluded, they proceed 
to consider the constitution and plan of organization. The instru- 
ment offered as the basis of united action was discussed and 
adopted without opposition, but not without misgivings and fears 
for the results of their grave and anxious deliberations. As evi- 
dence that they had embarked in the enterprise with purse as well 
as with pen, they commenced a subscription by signing one dol- 
lar each. 

Thus was laid the foundation of the institutions at 



ADVANCE ALONG MANY LINKS 77 

Hamilton that have risen to favor, commanding influ- 
ence, and worldwide usefulness. From this small be- 
ginning in 1817, there have grown up a university and 
theological seminary in Hamilton, and the two institu- 
tions at Rochester. The seed was planted in the hearts 
of a few noble Christian men, most of whom struggled 
with poverty. Nor was poverty the greatest obstacle 
which they were called to meet. Deep-rooted prejudice 
existed against the movement in churches of influence, 
and among some brethren in the ministry of high stand- 
ing ; these could be eradicated only by patient and per- 
severing effort to carryforward the enterprise as of God 
and destined to triumph. The Education Society was 
the natural outgrowth of the Hamilton Missionary So- 
ciety. The cause of education owes quite as much to 
the missionary spirit as missions owe to education. 
These interests are reciprocal. It is worthy of note 
that Jonathan Wade, the first student educated under 
the auspices of this new society, was consecrated to 
missionary work on the foreign field, and the next en- 
tering the same class was Eugenio Kincaid, " the hero 
missionary." Mr. Hascall made his own house, at the 
beginning, the dormitory and classroom for his single 
pupil, and if no greater good had been accomplished than 
the sending out of these two men better equipped for 
their work, it would have been worth all that it has cost 
to this day. This society (at Hamilton) has assisted 
2,673 students for the ministry, of whom 123 became 
foreign missionaries, 350 home missionaries, and 2200 
pastors. The New York Baptist Union for Ministerial 
Education (of Rochester) has aided during the forty-nine 
years past, 1,182 students for the ministry. This does 



j8 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

not include many who have received free tuition in the 
University of Rochester. Of the total number, about 
400 have been students in the German department 
at the University of Rochester, or in academies, and 
entered the ministry direct from those institutions. Of 
the graduates fifty-five have been presidents or profes- 
sors in colleges or theological seminaries ; fifty-one be- 
came foreign missionaries ; thirty-four became home 
missionaries; twenty-three became secretaries of be- 
nevolent societies, and nine became editors of religious 
journals. Of the entire number aided, it is presumed 
that the remaining portion, 1,011, became pastors. 

Date of Annual Meetings Changed. — The next 
meeting of the Hamilton Missionary Society was held 
February 17, 18 18. But a few months had elapsed 
since the annual meeting, and no report of the labor 
performed or receipts of the treasurer are recorded. 
The time of the annual meeting was fixed for the Wed- 
nesday following the third Lord's Day in February. 

Enlarged Operations. — The next meeting held in 
Cazenovia, February 24, 18 19, was marked by a large 
increase in the reports of labor performed, amounting 
to 134 weeks. The names of the missionaries are given 
as follows : Elders Daniel Hascall, Samuel Churchill, 
Peter P. Roots, John Lawton, Solomon Johnson, Ros- 
well Beckwith, Jonathan Ferris, Cyrus Andrews, Fred- 
erick Freeman, Nathan Peck, Timothy Shepherd. From 
these reports were received. Others under appointment 
were: Elders Azariah Hanks, Warner Goodell, E. M. 
Spencer, Rufus Freeman, Elon Galusha, Nathan Baker, 



ADVANCE ALONG MANY LINES 79 

John Peck, Alfred Bennett, Thomas Purinton, and El- 
ders Dutcher and Throop. The report further says : 

Some of our missionaries have traveled through the northern 
counties of this State in the towns contiguous to the St. Lawrence, 
while others, passing south of the Cayuga Lake, have proclaimed 
a risen Saviour through numerous towns to Lake Erie. Others 
again have found their way in Upper Canada, and made known 
the word of God on the regions around Lake Ontario ; while some 
have penetrated the fertile soil of Ohio, and there dispensed the 
word of life. It is possible that some cold-hearted calculators 
may censure us for imprudence in the numerous appointments we 
have made, but we presume there is not a bosom in which a 
spark of divine philanthropy glows but would act in the same 
manner in similiar circumstances. 

To hear the numerous calls and earnest entreaties for 
help, to witness the ecstatic joy that is often apparent 
upon being visited by a minister of the gospel, the sat- 
isfaction enjoyed in such interviews, the earnest solici- 
tation for a renewal and continuance of such favors, the 
multitude of tears shed on the occasion of parting, — " are 
enough to melt the most flinty heart and reduce apathy 
itself to the tenderest sensibilities, to excite to unwearied 
exertions and secure liberal contributions for so noble 
and godlike work. Without the continued efforts of the 
friends of truth, the Board would be obliged to discon- 
tinue its operations and in unavailing sorrow sit down 
and listen to the pathetic cries of the destitute." 

Missionaries Enter Ohio. — The work in Ohio by 
Elders Azariah Hanks and Warner Goodell was re- 
markably blessed of God. The brief extracts from the 
reports of these men for 1820 are indicative of the 
value of their labors. Elder Hanks says : 



8o NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Light is spreading by the instrumentality of missionaries, the 
fruits of which we have seen within the year past, as you may 
learn by the Minutes of the Association. The number of churches 
added at the last session is nine, and nine more are formed within 
the limits of the Association, which are chiefly the result of mis- 
sionary labors. 

Elder Goodell says : l 

In Atwater there is a glorious outpouring of God' s Spirit Here 
I spent four or five days in preaching and visiting from house to 
house. This was as precious a season as I ever enjoyed. I preached 
seven times to crowded assemblies and all appeared as solemn as 
eternity. Such an outpouring of the Spirit I never before saw. 
In almost every house in the town some were crying for mercy, 
while others were rejoicing in the Lord. All worldly business was 
laid aside by some ; their daily food became indifferent to them, 
and sleep departed from their eyes. It was no uncommon thing 
to see husband or wife, and sometimes both, overwhelmed in tears, 
with their children weeping around them under concern for their 
souls, and crying for mercy, and all I could do was to point the 
poor distressed souls to the Lamb of God. When I left them 
their cry was, ' « Do come again ; do send missionaries to see and 
help us." 

He further observes : 

The Lord is pouring out his Spirit in many towns in this part 
of the country. Churches are arising ; the wilderness begins to 
blossom like the rose. 

Financial Agent Appointed. — Elder John Peck, 
was appointed General Agent in 1819. While giving 
but a limited portion of his time to the work, his labors 
were attended with large success. In 1820 he reported 
as the result of forty-two days' service, having visited 
thirty-two missionary societies, thirty of those com- 
posed of women, auxiliary to the Hamilton Baptist 



ADVANCE ALONG MANY LINES 8 1 

Missionary Society, and concluded : " The total number 
who have united in my presence for the purpose of 
contributing to the augmentation of our funds, are 906 
persons." In February, 1821, the treasurer's report 
showed an income for the year of #1,571.50. The 
work of the evangelistic missionaries was specially 
blessed. At Mud Creek (Savona), Concord, Bethany, 
Warsaw, and Gainesville, the labors of Elder Nathaniel 
J. Gilbert were attended with signal manifestations of 
divine power. At the annual meeting held at New 
Woodstock, February 20, 1822, Elder Peck reported 
that he had visited New York and Washington cities, 
and in six weeks secured in cash and goods $1,282.21 
for the society, a most remarkable success under the 
circumstances. The total receipts for that year reached 
the sum of $2,670.97, leaving a balance in the treasury 
of $666.44. Probably few men were ever better quali- 
fied by natural gifts for the work of raising money for 
missionary purposes than Elder John Peck. 



CHAPTER IX 

ENLARGED OPERATIONS 

INDIAN Missions. — Perhaps the most important 
event of the year 1 8 19-1820, was the establishment 
of a mission among the Indians at Oneida. At a meet- 
ing of the Board, in May, 18 19, Elder Frederick Free- 
man was appointed to visit the Oneida and Stockbridge 
tribes and inquire into their situation. In August he 
reported that the Indians were highly gratified at the 
attention paid to them, and that they were desirous of 
receiving assistance from their white brethren. It 
would be necessary, however, to call a grand council to 
discuss the question whether they would receive civili- 
zation and Christianity from their white brethren. The 
Board on receiving this communication appointed Elders 
John Lawton, Nathan Baker, Nathaniel Kendrick, and 
John Peck to visit the Oneidas and make further in- 
quiries. At a meeting of the Board, November 25, 
1 8 19, this committee made the following report : 

Your committee took the earliest opportunity for an interview 
with the Oneidas and Stockbridge Indians, and met the chief men 
of those tribes on the 31st of August. The object of the Board in 
sending this committee to them was clearly stated ; that the Board 
desired to know whether they were receiving all that assistance to 
aid them in obtaining the knowledge of the gospel and to pro- 
mote schools for their children which their circumstances de- 
manded. The fullest assurances were given them that this Board 
had no intention of interfering with what other societies were 
doing ; but if there were an opportunity of affording them, or any 
82 



ENLARGED OPERATIONS 83 

other tribes, what assistance they could give, it would be cheer- 
fully granted. 

The Indian chiefs expressed great gratification at the 
attention shown them, and declared that they would 
soon hold a council to consider the matter. Through 
a Mr. Williams, who had acted as teacher among the 
Oneidas, the following letter was addressed to the Board : 

To the Committee of the Board of the Hamilton Baptist 
Missionary Society. 
Brothers : We rejoice to hear your wish to promote our 
temporal and spiritual good. It is our wish that we, the Indian 
tribes in this State, may know and receive the gospel of Jesus 
Christ. For this purpose we have called a council, and we ex- 
pect the chief men from several nations will be together by the 
last of this week. The sole object of this council is, to encourage 
our Indian brethren to embrace the doctrines of Christianity. We 
trust this will meet with your approbation. As the expense of 
supporting such a council will be considerable, may we presume 
to ask you, brothers, to assist us in this matter ? 

his 
Captain X Peter. 
mark, 
his 
William X Tahonu-en-tamgeon. 
mark, 
his 
William X Jogohani. 
mark, 
his 
John X Brandt. 
mark, 
his 
Hendrick X Paulis. 
mark. 
I hereby certify that the above is correct. 

Eleazer Williams, 
A religious instructor to the Oneida Indians. 

Oneida, Sept. 2, 1819. 



84 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Grand Council Considers the Question. — The 
members of the committee were quite embarrassed with 
the suggestion that a part of the expense of a grand 
council should be expected of them, but they would not 
retreat now at the very commencement of this enter- 
prise. Aid was asked of the churches and a sufficient 
sum was forthcoming. The committee from the Board, 
reinforced by one appointed by the Madison Associ- 
ation, consisting of Elders Warren and Gilbert, Deacon 
Samuel Payne, and Mr. Daniel Hatch, met the council 
on Friday of the same week. The interview of these 
brethren with the chiefs is summarized by one of the 
members of the committee : 

The chiefs declared that the proposition to introduce Chris- 
tianity was opposed by the pagans and Quakers among them. 
There were difficulties and prejudices to overcome. These could 
not be removed at once ; it would require time. They said if the 
society should give up and be discouraged on account of meeting 
with difficulties, they should think their faith was small ; but if 
they should not be discouraged, but persevere, the Great Spirit 
would help them, and the object would be accomplished. After 
giving the chiefs assurance that no exertions would be wanting on 
the part of the Society to promote the gospel among them, and 
receiving assurances from them that they would do all in their 
power to aid in the prosecution of the grand design, according to 
their usual custom, they presented a staff as a pledge of their 
friendship and fidelity, to ensure the fulfillment of what they had 
promised. An aged Tuscarora chief, by the name of Prentup, in 
behalf of the others, presented the staff. Elder Warren, being 
the oldest among those treating with them, was selected by the 
venerable chief to receive it in behalf of his brethren. After the 
ceremony, accompanied with appropriate remarks, was gone 
through with, your committee, with the rest, thought it expedient 
to reciprocate the compliment They procured three small Bibles, 
elegantly bound in morocco and gilt, one in the French language, 



ENLARGED OPERATIONS 85 

and the others of the Common English version. After these Bibles 
were obtained, the chiefs, by request, met their white brethren 
again and received their tokens of friendship with no ordinary 
emotions of joy. This closing interview was more interesting 
than anything which had occurred before. The Indians repeated 
their solicitations for assistance, saying they had long been in the 
wilderness, and had been lost, but they began to discover some light 
and wanted more. The Tuscarora chief, who received the first 
Bible, appeared deeply impressed with the nature of the present. 
He said that he was unable to read it, but he would get some per- 
son to read it to him ; he would meditate upon it, and follow its 
directions. He would have his young people read it ; he valued 
it more than he did all the treasures he had in the world, and 
would keep it as long as he lived. 

One of the other chiefs was from Canada and spoke the French 
language. He was complimented with the French Bible, and re- 
ceived it with equal impressions of gratitude. His remarks in- 
dicated a superior mind in darkness and distress struggling for 
light. He said his people were once a great and powerful nation, 
spread over a great country, but they had become a small, feeble, 
and despised people. The Great Spirit had driven them out be- 
fore him for their sins, and given their possessions to another 
people. They were in a great wilderness, in a dark night, and 
saw no way to get out. "But," said he, "you are in the light 
and may help us. What you are now doing begins to cheer our 
hearts, and appears like a little sun to lead us out." He hoped 
his living in Canada and belonging to another nation, where he 
had been taught other customs (meaning the Roman Catholic) 
would not prevent this Society from granting them assistance. If 
they would not do it now he hoped they would pray for them. 
He thought little of ceremonies, but wanted that religion which 
would do the heart good. All that he said appeared to come from 
the heart. 

A number of appropriate remarks were made by Elder Warren, 
on presenting the Bible. He said, holding the staff which had 
been received from them in one hand, and the Bible in the 
other : "You gave us this staff as a pledge of your friendship, 
and a token of your readiness to co-operate with us in the im- 



86 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

portant object of diffusing the light of the gospel among our red 
brethren. This book we present to you as a pledge of our love 
and friendship for you, and our desire to do you good. This 
staff is good to lean upon and support your steps while traveling 
through the wilderness. This book is the staff of life on which 
your souls may lean and your steps be directed while traveling 
through the wilderness of this world. This staff is good to defend 
us from dogs and wild beasts which may assail us. This book 
and the truth therein contained, will defend your souls and pre- 
serve you from that great enemy who goes about as a roaring lion. 
This staff, when we come to die, we must leave behind ; it will be 
of no further use to us ; but this book in the hour of death will 
prove a staff on which your souls may rest, and which will sup- 
port and defend you while passing through the dark valley, and 
introduce you into the kingdom of eternal glory. ' ' 

The other brethren present addressed them in turn, replying to 
all their remarks, expressing the feelings of Christian benevolence 
toward them and their brethren in their benighted state. The 
interview was closed with prayer, after which an affectionate part- 
ing took place. 

School Established at Oneida. — On receiving this 
report, and after mature deliberation and prayer, the 
Board resolved to establish a school at Oneida, and ap- 
pointed Elders Kendrick, Warren, J. Peck, N. Peck, N. 
Cole, N. Baker, and F. Freeman a committee to carry 
this resolution into effect. A schoolhouse was erected 
on the public square, land was purchased and houses, 
barns, and two mechanic shops were built for the use of 
the mission. Elder Robert Powell was appointed the 
first missionary. A school was soon gathered of forty 
pupils, and under the labors of this devoted man it con- 
tinued with much prosperity, notwithstanding the vio- 
lent opposition of wicked white men, who sought to 
excite the prejudices of the Indians against it. 



ENLARGED OPERATIONS 87 

Church Constituted. — On the failure of the health 
of Elder Powell in 1823, Elder Emory Osgood, of Hen- 
derson, N. Y., was appointed to succeed him, and to the 
force of workers were added Mrs. Osgood, Mr. Ashnah 
Lawton, Mr. P. J. Littlefield and wife, all of whom per- 
formed their various duties to the satisfaction of the 
Board, and with so great efficiency that a church was 
constituted in the spring of 1824, and duly recognized 
on March 10, with Elder Osgood as pastor. The council 
consisted of the Board of the Hamilton Baptist Mission- 
ary Society, together with Elder David Pease, of Caze- 
novia, and Elder Horace Griswold, of Fabius. The 
council was greatly gratified at the prosperous condition 
of the school under the charge of Mr. Lawton, and the 
promising outlook of the work among the people. 

Elder Osgood's Death. — There was, however, great 
sorrow in store for the little band, for on September 14, 
1824, the dear pastor was called away from his earthly 
labors. This loss was deeply felt by those for whom 
he had so earnestly labored. His devoted wife, at the 
request of the Board, continued at the station as mis- 
sionary, taking charge of the Indian girls, boarding and in- 
structing them to the entire satisfaction of the Board until 
the mission was removed to Tonawanda. This increase 
in the field of the operations of the society required 
more funds than it had been accustomed to receive. In 
this emergency additional agents were employed to so- 
licit contributions for the treasury. In February, 1823, 
the Society had received $2,685.65. The record says : 
"The success of the agents in collecting funds, and 
particularly that of Elder Alfred Bennett, in Connecti- 



88 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

cut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, was a subject of 
grateful acknowledgment." Elder Emory Osgood and 
Nathan Peck rendered valuable service in the same line. 
These funds were especially needed to meet the expense 
of establishing the mission station at Oneida. 

Mission Station at Syracuse. — The report of the 
Board, February n, 1824, contained the following in- 
teresting statement : 

In consequence of repeated solicitations from three brethren 
living in Syracuse, after a close investigation of the subject, the 
Board, viewing the importance of the station and the destitute 
condition of some of the towns adjacent, were unanimously of the 
opinion that it was their duty to establish a missionary at Syracuse, 
whose duty it should be to labor in that village and in places ad- 
jacent. Accordingly in March, 1823, Elder Nathaniel J. Gilbert 
was appointed to that station, and in May he commenced his 
labors in that place. 

The report closes as follows : 

But we cannot close this report without expressing our grateful 
acknowledgment to the female and juvenile Associations auxiliary 
to this society. To the Black River, St Lawrence, and Mexico 
Missionary Societies, and also to numerous individuals who have 
generously contributed to and aided in carrying into effect the 
benevolent designs of this body. 

New Departure. — The time had fully arrived in 
1825 when the Hamilton Missionary Society should be 
re-inforced by a union with the Baptist Missionary Con- 
vention of the State of New York. The latter organiza- 
tion was, although larger in name and aspirations, as 
yet but a small body with limited finances, and needed 
the united strength of all missionary forces in the State. 



ENLARGED OPERATIONS 89 

The plan of union was that the Hamilton Society should 
obtain a revision of its charter from the legislature, 
changing the name of the Society to that of the Con- 
vention, and enlarge its Board of directors to thirty, 
so as to include the Board of the Convention, thus mak- 
ing the State Convention the legal as well as the actual 
successor to the Hamilton Missionary Society. 

The Union Consummated. — A resolution to this 
effect was passed at the annual meeting of the Society 
at Nelson, February 23, 1825. At an adjourned meet- 
ing of the Society in Fabius, May 18th, Elder John Peck, 
president of the Society, reported that agreeably to 
their petition the legislature had passed the following 
law: 

An Act to allow the change of the name of the Hamilton Baptist 
Missionary Society, and to increase the number of their direc- 
tors. 

(Passed April 15. 1825 ) 

Be it enacted by the people of the State of New York, repre- 
sented in Senate and Assembly, That the Hamilton Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society shall hereafter be known and called by the name 
of the "Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York" ; 
and that the said Convention have power to increase the number 
of their directors ; and that so much of the Act passed March 28, 
1817, incorporating the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society be 
repealed. 

They voted to amend the constitution, the first article 
of which is as follows : " This society shall be known 
by the name of the Baptist Missionary Convention of 
the State of New York." The points in which the new 
constitution differed from that of the Hamilton Society, 
was principally in regard to the number of directors, 



90 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

the time of the annual meeting, which was to be the 
third Wednesday in October, and the institution of life 
membership by payment of ten dollars. Immediately 
after the union was effected the individuals elected by 
the Convention were chosen to act as the new Board of 
Directors. 

Review of the Hamilton Missionary Society. — 
The last report of the Board of the Hamilton Mission- 
ary Society, of which Elder John Lawton was the secre- 
tary, closes with these words : 

On a review of the scenes through which the Board have passed 
the last year, they have much cause for thanksgiving to God for 
his special care over them, and his multiplied blessings conferred 
upon them. The affairs of the society, although restricted for 
want of adequate funds, have yet proceeded with a steadiness 
which indicates the fostering care of divine Providence, and pre- 
sages the future benefits to be derived from the united efforts of 
the friends of religious improvements. An impartial view of the 
existing state of things in our degenerate world will serve to con- 
vince us of the necessity of unremitting exertions for maintaining 
the blessed cause of our glorious Redeemer. For this cause a 
combination of strength and a union of effort are highly requi- 
site. In this State there are more than 39,000 church-members 
of the Baptist denomination. Let these be united in one body 
and what a formidable phalanx would be presented to the enemy. 
And is it not desirable that measures be adopted to produce such 
a union, and that the whole strength of the denomination may be 
brought to bear on one point ? It is with pleasure that we view 
the indications of complete triumph of our glorious Redeemer. 
Intelligence is received from almost every part of the habitable 
globe, of increase of light and of submission to the King of Zion. 
Jehovah is executing judgment upon the gods of the heathen ; 
multitudes of idols are thrown to the moles and bats, or given to 
the flames. At the command of her King, Zion awakes ; she lis- 



ENLARGED OPERATIONS 9 1 

tens to his voice, and begins to assume her beautiful garments, 
and appears clothed in beauty and arrayed in terror. How lovely 
the appearance ! Songs are heard from the ends of the earth, 
giving glory to our God. Let us arise, and with united hearts and 
joyful voices swell the glorious triumph. But while we contem- 
plate the glorious scene, we should remember that we should be 
active in the blessed service. 

The Hamilton Missionary Society, feeble in its be- 
ginning, gathered strength with each year, and per- 
formed a service for the cause of Christ, the full fruits 
of which only eternity can reveal, but which we are now 
reaping, and which will endure to the end. The reflex 
influence of this enterprise on the men engaged in it 
amply repaid them for all their labor and sacrifice. And 
such men! No human pen can rightly portray their 
worth to the age in which they lived, and the value of 
the legacy that they have bequeathed to succeeding 
generations. Let the names of Elders John Peck, John 
Lawton, Alfred Bennett, Daniel Hascall, Nathaniel 
Kendrick, Peter P. Roots, and their honored contem- 
poraries in the ministry and laity, be held in loving re- 
membrance, and by us handed down to future genera- 
tions, as those whom we delight to honor, and whom 
God was pleased so wondrously to use in the advance- 
ment of his kingdom. 



CHAPTER X 

THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

PROVIDENTIAL Coincidences.— The thoughtful 
student of history must recognize a hand divine in 
so timing events in the secular world as to prepare the 
way for the advancement of the kingdom of Christ. 
This has often been noticed in the great movements 
among the nations, and especially in preparing the way 
for modern missionary enterprises. The operations of 
the East India Company, preceding British govern- 
mental occupation and the succeeding military aggres- 
sions of that government in the East Indies, were not 
undertaken with any human intent to advance the Re- 
deemer's kingdom. But God so meant it, and so used 
these means to open doors for the entrance of the mes- 
sengers of the gospel and to afford them protection in 
the prosecution of their work. No less has the hand of 
God been manifest in our own country in the progress 
of secular events. 

The year 1807 marked at the same time the launch- 
ing of the first steamboat on the Hudson River and 
the formation of the Hamilton Missionary Society. In 
1817 the work on the Erie Canal, the great waterway of 
the State, — a work of immense importance to the devel- 
opment and prosperity of the State, — was commenced. 
The same year the Hamilton Missionary Society was 
granted a charter by the legislature and the Baptist 
Education Society of the State of New York was organ- 
92 



THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 93 

ized. In 1825 the canal was completed and opened for 
traffic, and the same year the Hamilton Missionary So- 
ciety became by legal enactment the " Baptist Mission- 
ary Convention of the State of New York." All these 
events had seemingly no inter-relation. Apparently 
they were mere coincidences, yet they were happy coin- 
cidences, or rather, in the light in which we now view 
them, they were providential arrangements. 

The Erie Canal Needed. — In the early years of 
the century communication between the different parts 
of the State was slow and difficult. The products of 
the farms and shops were taken to market at Albany 
and Catskill, on the Hudson River, by teams of oxen or 
horses. It was a long and tedious journey, consuming 
many days to those living in central or western New 
York. Some used rudely constructed rafts or flat boats 
in times of high water, to carry their lumber and farm 
products down the Delaware, Susquehanna, or Alleghany 
Rivers, to distant and often uncertain markets. The 
mode of travel in the early days was on foot for the 
poor, on horseback for the fortunate owner of a horse, 
or on a stage coach, when such a conveyance could be 
utilized. These means were the best that the country 
could afford to dwellers in inland towns. 

" In the Fulness of Times." — It is not strange that 
Baptists, who had no organic system of union beyond 
the local church, should have been so long without a 
State organization. In 1821 the conviction was widely 
felt that a union of effort comprising the strength and 
co-operation of all the Baptist churches in the State was 



94 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

eminently desirable. The Hudson River Association 
was the first to move for such an organization. At its 
annual meeting in August, 1821, a committee was ap- 
pointed, consisting of Elders Malcom, Leonard, and 
Sommers, to prepare a circular letter to be sent to all 
the Associations in the State, asking for an expression 
of their opinion respecting the propriety of forming a 
Convention, composed of delegates from all the Associa- 
tions in the State. The Otsego Association, at its meet- 
ing in the September following, immediately responded 
by appointing Elijah F. Willey, Joseph Moore, and 
Charles Babcock a committee to consider the matter 
and report at that meeting. As a result the following 
resolutions were adopted : 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by this As- 
sociation as delegates, to meet such other delegates as may be ap- 
pointed by sister Associations, to adopt measures for carrying into 
effect the above object. 

Resolved, That the delegates be requested to hold their first 
meeting in the village of Mentz (now Throopsville), in the county 
of Cayuga, on the third Wednesday of November next, at ten 
o'clock, A. M. 

Resolved, That we earnestly solicit the Associations in this 
State and its vicinity to unite with us in the above plan, and that 
such as may convene before the meeting of the convention as 
above, at Mentz, will appoint delegates to meet at the above time 
and place. 

Resolved, That Elders E. Galusha and D. Putnam, and Dr. 
Babcock, be delegates to meet as above, and that Elder W. Wind- 
sor be substitute if either fail. 

Organization Effected. — In accordance with this 
resolution, on November 21, 1821, delegates duly ap- 
pointed by the Otsego, Oneida, Madison, Franklin, and 




BAPTIST MEETING-HOUSE AT MENTZ (THROOPSVILLE). 



Where the Baptist Domestic Missionary Convention of the State of New York 
was organized. November 21, 1821. Built in 1819. 

Page 94. 



THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 95 

Cayuga Associations, assembled- in the town of Mentz, 
and organized under the name of the " Baptist Domestic 
Missionary Convention of the State of New York and 
its Vicinity." A constitution was adopted, the fourth 
article of which says : "The object of this Convention 
shall be to promote domestic missions." The first officers 
of the Convention were as follows : President, Deacon 
Squire Manro ; vice-president, Elder Sylvanus Haynes ; 
secretary, Elder Elijah F. Willey; treasurer, Dr. Charles 
Babcock ; directors, Elders O. C. Comstock, Solomon 
Goodale, Elkanah Comstock, J. S. Twiss, John Jeffries, 
Deacon Jonathan Olmsted, Alexander Beebee, and 
Isaac Geer. Among others who composed the meeting 
were those faithful servants of the Lord, Elders Caleb 
Douglass and Joseph Moore, and Deacons Asher Wet- 
more and Dr. Francis Guiteau, men full of faith and of 
the Holy Ghost, all of whom have ceased from their 
labors and have entered into the joy of their Lord. 
Said one of their number : 

No one who attended the meeting can have forgotten the sin- 
gular manifestations of God' s power and presence then and there 
enjoyed, or with what freedom, faith, and fervency God's blessing 
was sought upon the labors of that day. 

Before the Convention adjourned a letter to the Bap- 
tists of the State was adopted with the following title : 

ADDRESS 
Of the Baptist Domestic Missionary Convention of the State of 
New York and its Vicinity 
To all the Associations, Societies, and Churches within said ter- 
ritory, and to the Christian public. 

The address gave, lkstrong and urgent language, the 



96 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

reasons for the organization of the society. The ben- 
efits to be derived by the union of all the evangelical 
forces in the field of its operations were set forth under 
four heads : (1) "A combination of efforts, energies, and 
funds." (2) "The collection of important information." 
(3) " A judicious distribution and destination of mission- 
aries," and (4) "The continuance of useful and success- 
ful missionaries where God has smiled and still smiles on 
their labors, and where existing circumstances and im- 
pressions of duty require them to remain." 

Each of these points was fortified with appropriate ar- 
guments, but none more intensely and convincingly than 
the last. Hitherto the work of the itinerant mission- 
ary, important and useful as it proved, often failed of 
the best results, because he could not remain to gather 
the fruits of his labors. The newly appointed Board 
commissioned during the year Elders Elon Galusha, 
Elkanah Comstock, and John G. Stearns as its mis- 
sionaries. At the first annual meeting, held in Whites- 
boro, October 16, 1822, the report of the Board showed 
$147.84 received and paid by the treasurer, and that 
Elder John G. Stearns labored in the vicinity of Buffalo 
to its entire satisfaction; that Elder Elon Galusha 
had spent a portion of his time in Buffalo, where he had 
been instrumental in the hand of God of establishing a 
respectable church of thirty members, and where he had 
baptized many worthy citizens of the village, it being 
the first time the ordinance of baptism had ever been 
administered in that place in the primitive form. In 
addition to his labors at Buffalo, Elder Galusha had vis- 
ited the Territory of Michigan, and was the instrument of 
planting the standard of the cross at Pontiac, organizing 



THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 97 

the first Baptist, if not the first Protestant church in 
the Territory. Here also, he administered the ordi- 
nance of Christian baptism, it being the first time the 
waters of the Territory had furnished a liquid grave 
for the disciples of Christ, except at the mission sta- 
tion among the natives. Elder Elkanah Comstock had 
labored in Center County, Pa., where his efforts had 
been uncommonly blessed in awakening sinners and in 
confirming the souls of the disciples. At this meeting 
it was 

Resolved, That a sermon be preached annually at the opening 
of this Convention, and that a contribution be taken immediately 
thereafter to furnish its benevolent objects. 

Second Anniversary. — The second annual meeting 
was held at Vernon. The treasurer reported #31 1.39 
received, and $192.43 expended. The Board reported 
that Elder Elkanah Comstock had continued his labors 
in Center County, Pa., and that Elder John N. Brown 
had taken charge of the church at Buffalo. Their 
work had been highly beneficial to the churches where 
they had labored. 

The venerable president, Deacon Squire Manro, had 
explored the Territory of Michigan, and reported that 
he had found great moral darkness and great need of 
missionary labor, and that there were most favorable 
openings where the people were desirous to receive the 
ambassadors of Christ. 

Third Anniversary. — The third annual meeting 
was held at Elbridge, October 20, 21, 1824. Rev. 
Spencer H. Cone, of New York City, was the preacher. 
This was the first recorded instance of the presence of 

G 



98 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

a New York pastor at one of the State missionary meet- 
ings. This meeting is said to have been more largely 
attended than any previous one. The treasurer reported 
expenditures of $704.91. The Board reported that 
Calvin Philleo had been appointed financial agent. El- 
der John N. Brown, better known as J. Newton Brown, 
d. d., continued at Buffalo, and Elders John Blain and 
F. H. Johnson, were alternately employed at Oswego, 
Elder Randolph Streeter remained at Vienna, and Elder 
Elkanah Comstock in Michigan. 

Union with the Hamilton Society Proposed. — 
At this third annual meeting a committee from the 
Hamilton Missionary Society was present and proposed 
a plan of union with the State Missionary Convention, 
which after due deliberation was adopted. The union 
was consummated at the subsequent annual meeting of 
the Hamilton Society, as has already been stated. Be- 
fore the election of officers, Deacon Squire Manro, who 
had been president of the Convention from its organi- 
zation, requested, in view of his age and infirmities, to 
be released from further service. In accordance with 
the plan of union adopted between the Convention and 
Hamilton Society the Board of directors was increased 
to thirty. The following are the names of the officers 
elected : President, Elon Galusha ; secretary, Elijah F. 
Willey ; treasurer, Charles Babcock ; directors, Na- 
thaniel Kendrick, John Peck, Sylvanus Haynes, John 
Jeffries, Squire Manro, Alexander M. Beebee, John Blain, 
Alfred Bennett, Lewis Olmsted, Oliver C. Comstock, 
John S. Twiss, Thomas Purinton, Jonathan Olmsted, 
Asa Averill, Daniel Putnam, Joel W. Clark, Eliada 



THE RISK OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 99 

Blakesley, Leland Howard, Rufus Babcock, Nathaniel 
Cole, Archibald Maclay, John Lawton, Martin E. Cook, 
Spencer H. Cone, William Colgate, John Williams, 
Thomas Purser, Howard Malcom, Nathan Peck, and 
Horace Griswold. 

The name was changed to " The Baptist Missionary 
Convention of the State of New York/' and the consti- 
tution as amended, is as follows : 

The Constitution of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary 

Society. 

Amended May 18, 1825. 

Article i. This Society shall be known by the name of the 
" Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York." 

Art. 2. The Convention shall consist of those only who shall 
subscribe to this constitution, and pay at least one dollar annually 
to its funds. 

Art. 3. The object of this Convention shall be to send the gos- 
pel, and other means of promoting the knowledge of God, among 
such of our fellow-creatures as are destitute ; and that either sta- 
tionary or occasionally as prudence may dictate and funds admit. 

Art. 4. The Convention, at each annual meeting, shall appoint 
a Moderator and a Recording Secretary of the meeting. 

Art. 5. The members, at their annual meeting, shall, by bal- 
lot, appoint a President, Secretary, Treasurer, and thirty Direc- 
tors. The President, Secretary, Treasurer, and twenty of the 
Directors, shall be members in good standing in some regular 
Baptist church. These thirty-three officers shall compose a Board, 
of which the President shall be chairman, and the Secretary clerk. 

Art. 6. The President, by the consent of five of the Directors, 
shall have power to call a meeting of the Convention, whenever 
to him it shall appear necessary ; also as Chairman of the Board, 
he shall have power, at his discretion, to call a meeting of the 
Directors ; and it shall be his duty to call a meeting whenever re- 
quested by five members of the Board. 

Art. 7. The Chairman, with five other members of the Board, 

Lore. 



IOO NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

shall form a quorum to do business ; and in case of the Chair- 
man' s absence, any six members. 

Art. 8. The Board shall have power to apply the funds accord- 
ing to their discretion, in all cases in which they shall not be re- 
stricted by the special direction of the Convention. 

Art. 9. They shall have power to appoint and dismiss mis- 
sionaries, to form and locate executive committees, and to trans- 
act all other necessary business of the Convention during its 
recess. 

Art. 10. The Board of Directors shall annually exhibit to the 
Convention a particular account of the missionaries by them em- 
ployed ; the places to which they are, or have been, sent ; their 
prospect or success ; the state of the funds ; their receipts and 
expenditures, and whatever related to the Institution. 

Art. 11. The Treasurer shall exhibit, both to the Convention 
and Board, the state of the treasury whenever called upon for that 
purpose ; and give sufficient security for the funds placed in his 
hands. 

Art. 1 2. The Secretary shall correctly and fairly transcribe and 
record the proceedings of the Convention and Board, in a book 
furnished at the expense of the Convention. 

Art. 1 3. In order more effectually to aid the intention of the 
Convention, a subscription shall be kept open for the benefit of 
the funds, and all who are disposed may do something to promote 
so laudable an undertaking. 

Art. 14. The annual meeting of the Convention shall be on 
the third Wednesday of October, at 10 o'clock A. m., at such 
place as the Convention from time to time may direct. 

Art. 15. Any person paying ten dollars in cash at one time, 
will be considered as a member of the Convention for life. 

Art. 16. Any member of this Convention wishing to discon- 
tinue his membership, upon paying all dues may have his name 
erased. 

Art. 17. Any number of persons associated for missionary 
purposes upon a constitution adapted to the interests of this Con- 
vention, may become auxiliary to this Convention. And all mem- 
bers of such societies, who pay one dollar to the funds, shall be 
considered as members of this Convention. Any auxiliary society 



THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION IOI 

or any individual who shall pay fifty dollars in cash or produce 
into the treasury of this Convention annually, shall have a right 
to appoint a member to act in the Board of Directors ; and one 
member for every additional hundred dollars. 

Art. i 8. The Convention shall have power, at their annual 
meetings, to make such alterations and additions as experience 
shall dictate, by a majority of three-fourths of the members 
present. 

A New Address to the Churches. — This meeting 
seems to have been a peculiarly happy occasion. A 
new address to the churches was adopted. It was writ- 
ten in a glowing style, and set forth arguments pre- 
viously stated, as well as many new ones. It also 
answered in a forcible way all objections. Some points 
made in the address were : 

(i) The object stated: "To promote the knowledge of Christ 
among such of our fellow-men as are destitute of the ordinary 
means by which he reveals his grace and glory." (2) The 
benefits accruing from such a consequence (/. e., the union of 
all our societies), in addition to those exhibited in our former com- 
munications are : (a) " An extension of the acquaintance with 
both the persons and gifts of our brethren. " (b) " An increase of 
affection." (c) "An acquisition of knowledge, not only of mis- 
sionary, but of various other subjects. " (d) " A beneficial assimi- 
lation." (e) "Needful excitement." (/) "Encouragement." 
(g) "A greater watchcare over the interests of Zion." 

These points were well maintained with suitable argu- 
ments and illustrations. 

Objections Answered. — Two objections were con- 
sidered in order. 1. That this organization "tends to 
aggrandizement by promoting some of the brethren to 
more honor than others share." The answer was : 



102 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

We need only to say that no honor is conferred on any brother 
by this body, but that of a servant And if any are desirous of 
the honor of devoting much time, much labor, and some cash too 
(without pecuniary reward), to the precious cause of truth, let 
them share it as largely as their benevolent hearts may crave, for 
the heavier they are ladened with it, the more will God be glorified 
and suffering relieved. 

2. That large ecclesiastical bodies are dangerous to 
the cause of Christ. 

To this objection we would reply that all ecclesiastical bodies 
are dangerous, in proportion, not to their numbers, but to the in- 
dependent power they possess, the temptation they are under to 
abuse it, and the encouragement they give to unholy ambition. 
But this Convention, as may be seen by its constitution, is in- 
vested with no such power — can acquire none ; consequently can 
abuse none. Let no one do like a man who, to avoid a shadow, 
would run off a precipice. 

Is not the fact itself (the address continued) that many are 
afraid of combinations proof of their efficiency ? Why are any 
alarmed at the first mention of them ? Because wicked men act- 
ing concurrently in a bad cause, have done much evil, by the 
same rule virtuous men, by conjoint effort in a benevolent cause, 
may do much good. . . System, so essential to the efficacy of our 
missionary operations, is less visible in the accumulation than in 
the distribution of our funds. While we are tenacious of a system 
of doctrine and a system of discipline, let us establish and main- 
tain a system of liberality. To raise a missionary fund, permit us, 
dear brethren, most earnestly and affectionately to recommend to 
you the following method : (i) Let every Baptist Association in 
the State resolve itself into a missionary society, auxiliary to this 
Convention, and appoint a treasurer and scribe. . . (2) Let every 
church form itself into a branch of the auxiliary society in its own 
Association, elect a treasurer and collector. . . (3) Let every mem- 
ber in each church subscribe and pay over to the collector, annu- 
ally, such sum as circumstances and duty may dictate ; give the 
poor widow an opportunity to cast in her mite, and allow even 



THE RISE OF THE MISSIONARY CONVENTION 103 

those indigent members, whom the prosperous brethren are in 
duty bound to assist, the pleasure of paying at least one shilling 
annually for the spread of that precious gospel by which they hope 
to be forever enriched. 

This admirable report closes as follows : 

With pleasure we state that measures preparatory to a union of k 
the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society with this Convention 
have been mutually adopted, and no doubt remains of the speedy 
accomplishment of an object so desirable. We hail its approach 
as peculiarly propitious. The high standing of that large and re- 
spectable society, the talents, zeal, and high resources it combines, 
together with its extensive, steady, and successful operations, ex- 
cite the most cheering anticipations of happy results from the con- 
templated union. The appointment of Rev. John Peck as gen- 
eral agent of the Convention will, it is most confidently believed, 
greatly conduce to its prosperity. His active energy, assiduity, 
and missionary zeal, are too well known to require our commen- 
dations. He has accepted the appointment, and entered upon a 
discharge of the duties of his office. The Board having been in- 
structed by the Convention to inquire into the expediency of issu- 
ing a periodical publication, and if deemed proper, to carry the 
same into effect, and having received an offer of the "Baptist 
Register," have resolved to adopt that paper and enlarge it to the 
present size of the ' « Christian Secretary, ' ' they having appointed 
A. M. Beebee, Esq. , editor, and made arrangements for executing 
the mechanical work in the best manner. These arrangements, 
together with the talents, taste, energy, and assiduity of the editor, 
inspire us with a confidence that the work will not be inferior to 
any of the kind now published in this country. We close by 
soliciting your prayerful attention to the above plan of operation 
and your cordial aid in carrying it into successful execution. 

E. Galusha, President, 
E. F. Willey, Secretary. 



CHAPTER XI 

THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK 

ELDER John Peck. — The year 1825 began a new 
era in the history of the Missionary Convention. A 
desirable consummation — the union in one body of the 
several Baptist missionary organizations in the State — 
was effected, greatly to the gratification of the brethren 
and the interests of the cause. Money was needed and 
to this end it was essential that the churches should be 
informed concerning the work proposed by the Conven- 
tion and the objects to be attained. The man to whom 
the Board should turn in this emergency was not diffi- 
cult to find. The previous success of Elder John Peck 
in that kind of service indicated that he was eminently 
fitted for the task. He was appointed general agent 
and entered upon his duties January 1, 1825. He did 
not for the next ten years resign his pastorate of the 
church at New Woodstock (First Cazenovia), but for 
the first nine months he seems to have given his entire 
time to the work. The success of the Convention, 
through those early years, especially in raising funds, 
was more largely due to him than to any other man. 
While he was as gentle as a mother to her children, he 
was not lacking in strength of purpose and in executive 
ability. The following extracts from his first report 
to the new Board, is indicative of the multiform charac- 
ter of his duties and of the energy and efficiency of his 
services as an organizer : 
104 



THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK 105 

I commenced my labors as an agent by visiting some of the 
societies auxiliary to the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society with 
a view to lead them into the measures of the Convention, and 
point out to them the importance of general union. In this I 
happily succeeded. I was then necessarily engaged in editing, 
distributing, and collecting for the magazine, which required much 
labor, a report of which I shall defer until the completion of the 
work. I also spent much time in obtaining an alteration in our 
charter, and in attending to the concerns of the Oneida school, 
and also of the ' ■ Baptist Register. ' ' I then proceeded in organ- 
izing branch societies in the counties of Madison, Onondaga, 
Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Oswego, and Chenango. After this I 
visited the Franklin, Saratoga, Hudson River, Otsego, Madison, 
Cayuga, Ontario, Genesee, and Holland Purchase Associations, 
all of which came cheerfully into the measures of the Convention 
as auxiliaries. In the vicinity of these Associations I formed 
branch societies as I had opportunity. I likewise visited general 
societies or Boards, viz : Saratoga, Mexico, New York, Genesee, 
and Holland Purchase, all of which agreed to aid the Convention. 
Although soliciting immediate aid was not my principal object, 
but to bring the strength of our denomination to bear on one 
point in missionary operations, yet I have received in contribu- 
tions and other ways, in cash and property, $1,384.74. 

Eighteenth Anniversary. — The fourth annual meet- 
ing of the Convention and the eighteenth of the Ham- 
ilton Missionary Society, now the Baptist Missionary 
Convention of the State of New York, was held in Caze- 
novia, October 19, 20, 1825. The introductory sermon 
was preached by Rev. Howard Malcom, of Hudson. 
The record says : " The meeting was one of deep and 
thrilling interest. The delegates sat together in heav- 
enly places and spectators were constrained to say : 
* Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren 
to dwell together in unity.' " The union of all the mis- 
sionary interests of the denomination in the State in 



106 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

one organization was now effected. A consummation 
devoutly hoped for was now realized. The veterans in 
the cause were reinforced by new and vigorous recruits 
and they thanked God and took courage. 

Called to their Reward. — Of .the original band, 
who in the first year acted as its Board or served as 
its missionaries, the following had now joined the larger 
convocations of the saints before the throne. Ashbel 
Hosmer, the first president, passed to his rest at Hamil- 
ton, where he was the highly esteemed pastor, April 2, 
181 2, in the fifty-fourth year of his age. Ora Butler, 
son of Elder Joel Butler, a member of the Board, of 
whom it was said that no minister of his age in the 
country possessed greater talents, learning, prudence, 
piety, or influence, died at Westmoreland, January 16, 
181 1. His loss was a severe affliction when such men 
were so greatly needed. His was the first death in the 
Baptist ministry among those who were located in the 
region covered by the Otsego Association. David Irish, 
the veteran pioneer of Cayuga County and one of the 
constitutent members of the Board, died in Aurelius 
(Fleming), September 10, 18 15. Salmon Morton, the 
first missionary of the Hamilton Society, a self-denying, 
consecrated man, a man of faith and prayer, eleven 
years pastor at Madison, afterward at Marcellus, the 
founder of the church at Skaneateles, who had per- 
formed many missionary journeys amid great hardships, 
died at Marcellus, January 22, 1822, in the fifty-fourth 
year of his age. Elisha Ransom, pastor at North Nor- 
wich, and one of the missionaries of the society, passed 
to his rest August 17, 18 18. Jonathan Ferris was born 



THE UNITED FORCEvS AT WORK 107 

in Stamford, Dutchess County, N. Y., April 25, 1778. 
He was the first person baptized in the town of Nor- 
wich (now New Berlin), Chenango County, N. Y. He 
was baptized in 1796 by Elkanah Holmes, then a mis- 
sionary among the Indians. He was married to Miss 
Rhoda Purdy, of Plymouth, in 1798, and was ordained 
as pastor at North Norwich, August 25, 1808. His 
labors there and at Norwich were greatly blessed, and 
glorious revivals of religion visited both of these churches. 
In 1810-1811 the former church received eighty-three 
by baptism, and in 18 16, 10 1 were baptized in Norwich 
Village, of which at that time Elder J. Randall was pastor ; 
but Elder Ferris labored with him and baptized nearly 
all the converts, the pastor being physically disabled. 
In 1 81 7, Elder Ferris moved to Milo, Yates County, 
N. Y., where his labors in that church and neighboring 
ones were greatly blessed. He was instantly killed by 
lightning June 17, 1823. Joel Butler, a useful member 
of the Board, died in Geneva, Ind., September 13, 1822, 
in the seventy-first year of his age. Obed Warren, one 
whom God delighted to honor in the service of the min- 
istry, for several years pastor at Eaton, had been an 
active member of the Board, and a warm supporter of 
the institution at Hamilton. He was a brother-in-law of 
Jonathan Ferris, and was called from his new pastorate at 
Covert, Seneca County, N. Y., by death August 29, 
1823. Notwithstanding the fact that death had gathered 
so many of the dear saints, yet many of the fathers re- 
mained to welcome the younger men and with them 
to push forward the work of evangelization in the 
many needy fields waiting for the messengers of the 
gospel. 



108 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Encouraging Reports. — At the annual meeting in 
1825, the treasurer reported $2,725.39 received, and 
$2,269.97 expended. The labor performed was grati- 
fying, but the growing demands of the work called for an 
increase of laborers. For fuller reports of missionaries 
and fields occupied, attention is called to the tables ap- 
pended. No records could be found for the Hamilton 
Missionary Society, and the early reports of the Con- 
vention are very incomplete. It is believed, however, 
that such tabulated statements as are appended will be 
more valuable for reference than a more extended nar- 
rative. 

Erie Canal Opened. — The Erie Canal was opened 
its entire length for navigation, October 22, 1825, almost 
simultaneously with the meeting here recorded. The 
celebration of the event, November 4th, was attended 
with the greatest enthusiasm throughout the State. 
Cannon were placed at convenient intervals from 
Buffalo to Sandy Hook, by which the news of the 
starting of the first boat with Governor Clinton on 
board was heralded along the line in one hour and 
twenty minutes. There were no lines of telegraph in 
those days. The wildest imagination had never dreamed 
of the possibility of flashing news under oceans and across 
continents with the rapidity of thought. The railroad 
existed only in the conception of a few, as a possibility 
of the distant future. The canal was the wonder of the 
State and the admiration of the nation. Not less than 
forty schemes for internal navigation by canals, large 
and small, received the approval of the legislature within 
a short period ; many routes were surveyed, and several 



THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK 109 

canals were built nearly simultaneously with the Erie. 
These works required labor, put money into circulation, 
and invited immigration. This was an auspicious time 
for the work of the Convention. The State was re- 
ceiving large accessions to its population by immigra- 
tion and was losing comparatively few of the settlers to 
the regions farther west by emigration. New towns 
and villages sprang into being with great rapidity, and 
calls for missionary labor were constantly increasing. 
The value of the work done by the missionary Conven- 
tion in meeting this emergency cannot be overestimated. 
The churches of the towns and cities of the State little 
realize now their indebtedness to this agency. The 
debt can only be paid by passing along to others the 
blessing which so abundantly came to them. 

Seven Fruitful Years. — The Convention was now 
well organized and the work was carried on with great 
efficiency. The years from 1825 to 1832 were remark- 
able for the number of new stations occupied and for 
the churches organized, which have since become large 
and influential. Rev. R. Winchell was appointed in 
1826 to labor in Lockport and vicinity. The report 
states : " This region of country is very destitute and 
demands the attention of the Convention. A district 
eighty miles in extent and twenty miles in width has 
but few preachers of the gospel of any denomination." 
Rev. O. C. Com stock was appointed at the same time 
to labor in Ithaca and vicinity. Rev. W. E. Martin was 
missionary at Geneva and Waterloo. At the former 
place he organized a church of twenty-nine members, 
which during the year increased to thirty-eight. He 



IIO NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

said, " The inhabitants had the privilege of seeing the 
ordinance of baptism administered in the Apostolic 
mode." Rev. Eli Smith, of Boston, Mass., received an 
appointment to labor with the young church at Buffalo, 
where the people were about to build a meeting-house. 
The labors of Rev. Elkanah Com stock in Michigan, 
were greatly blessed in the establishment of several 
churches, and he was reinforced by the appointment of 
Rev. John Buttolph as an assistant on this important 
field. Henry Davis, from the Hamilton Theological 
Seminary, was appointed to labor in Detroit in 1827, 
and succeeded in organizing a church which was fully 
recognized October 21 of that year. The Indian mis- 
sions were continued at Oneida, at Squawkey Hill (on 
the Genesee River), and at Tonawanda, with some degree 
of success until 1829, when it was for various reasons 
thought wise to discontinue the first two, and concen- 
trate the work at Tonawanda. Rev. James Clark, was 
appointed general missionary in 1825 to labor in Tioga 
County, N. Y., and in northern Pennsylvania as far as 
Potter County, and continued until 1839, a period of 
thirteen years. His labors were attended with most 
blessed results, the fruits of which have endured to this 
day. It is a source of regret that so little is known of 
Mr. Clark's history. In the year ending October 22, 
he gives the following report of labor in Tioga County, 
N. Y., and in Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Potter, 
McKean, Clearfield, and Center counties, Pennsylvania. 
He preached 375 sermons, attended forty-three covenant 
meetings, seven funerals, thirty-two church meetings, 
and baptized sixty-eight converts, traveled 3,615 miles, 
and received for the Convention, $113.44. This labor 



THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK III 

was in new settlements and required great privations, 
such as sharing in the humblest fare, fording rivers and 
streams, exposure to all sorts of weather, long journeys 
through dense forests, over mountains in summer and 
winter. It continued with little interruption until 
failing health compelled him to cease. There is no 
other monument to his memory than the records of 
these labors and the churches he established in the 
wilderness. 

The Church at Binghamton. — In 1828 Elder M. 
Frederick was appointed to labor at Chenango Point 
(Binghamton). This seems to have been the beginning 
of a Baptist interest at that place, which resulted in the 
formation of a church, in 1829, with Elder Frederick as 
pastor. Binghamton appears on the list of churches 
assisted in the support of a pastor until 1836. 

Itinerant Missionaries Continued. — The Conven- 
tion still adhered to the plan of appointing itinerant 
missionaries, except in localities where the whole time 
of the missionary was demanded. In such cases the re- 
ports indicate that frequently an appropriation was made 
to a church without giving the name of the pastor. 

Watertown, Oswego, and Other Points. — In this 
list of pastors as missionaries, we find that in 1826 
Norman Guiteau was appointed to labor at Watertown ; 
William A. Scranton, at Oswego; D. B. Corielle, at 
Painted Post ; Jarius Handy, at Mayville ; and N. J. Gil- 
bert, at Syracuse. Elder Harvey Blood, missionary at 
Medina, organized a conference in 1828, preparatory to 



112 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

the constitution of a church, which was effected in 1829. 
Orsamus Allen, in 1828, was a missionary at Seneca 
Falls; D. Elbridge, at Oswego; and Nathan Peck, at 
Georgetown. These are a few instances where the 
names of missionaries and churches are combined in 
the reports. For full list of appointments and appro- 
priations the reader is referred to the tables appended. 

Twenty-third Anniversary. — The twenty-third an- 
nual meeting was held in Palmyra, October 20, 21, 
1830. The record says : "This session was one of pe- 
culiar interest, and the spirit of the Master appeared 
diffused throughout the convocation. Nineteen Associa- 
tions were represented, while all the delegates seemed 
to say, ' It is good for me to be here.' " The treasurer's 
report showed a credit from all sources, including bal- 
ance in the treasury at the beginning of the year, of 
$5,204.26, and disbursements of $4,519.37. A church 
had been established among the native Indians at Ton- 
awanda, of fifteen members in 1829, and now a meeting- 
house was in process of erection and all indications were 
hopeful. 

A Glorious Revival Reported. — The twenty- 
fourth anniversary, at Elbridge, October 19, 20, 183 1, 
is characterized as one of indescribable interest. 

The year has been one singularly glorious to Zion. Her King 
had appeared in the midst of the golden candlesticks in his glory, 
and the effect that followed was seen in thousands coming up to 
the help of the Lord against the mighty, and more especially in 
the ministry, who appeared to have received a new anointing, so 
that they came together in the fullness of the blessing of the gospel 
of Christ. It was an interview that never will be forgotten by those 



THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK 113 

who attended. The following resolutions were unanimously passed 
by the Convention, illustrative of their feelings, and the obliga- 
tions they were under : 

Resolved, That in view of the abundant grace bestowed on 
the church the past year, we deeply feel our obligations as Chris- 
tians and as ministers of the gospel, to live more devoted, hum- 
ble, watchful, prayerful, and active lives in the kingdom of our 
Lord Jesus Christ. 

The receipts were $4,869.93, the disbursements $2,- 
819.99. Ten years had now passed since the organiza- 
tion of the Convention at Throopsville, and twenty-four 
since the beginning at Pompey, in 1807. Thirty-four 
missionaries had been under appointment during the 
year to labor in different parts of the State, Upper 
Canada, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. 

Remarkable Denominational Increase. — The 
growth of the denomination in the State had been 
largely in excess of the percentage of the growth in 
population. In 1784, when the little band of Baptists 
re-established worship in Butternuts, there were in the 
State, eleven churches, fifteen ministers, and 704 mem- 
bers. In 1792, when the second church in Otsego 
County received recognition, the number had increased 
to sixty-two churches, eighty-three ministers, and 3,987 
members. Twenty years later, in 18 12, there were 239 
churches, 157 ministers, and 18,499 members, and in 
1832, 605 churches, 545 ministers, and 60,006 mem- 
bers, an increase of more than 200 per cent, in twenty 
years. The Convention had contributed in no small 
measure, by the blessing of God, to this growth. In ad- 
dition to the work in New York, churches through this 
agency had been established along the entire northern 

H 



114 N E W YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

border of Pennsylvania, in Ohio, Michigan, and Canada. 
Nor had the foreign field been forgotten. Probably at 
no subsequent time have there been larger contributions 
to this department of Christian benevolence in propor- 
tion to the wealth of the people than during the decade 
from 1822 to 1832. It is not strange, therefore, that 
the year 1831 should have been marked by a gracious 
outpouring of the .Holy Spirit and a rich harvest of souls 
won to Christ. " There is that scattereth and yet in- 
creaseth ; and there is that withholdeth more than is 
meet, but it tendeth to poverty." 

Peter P. Roots. — Before closing this chapter we 
must chronicle the departure of Rev. Peter P. Roots, a 
constituent member of the Board of the Hamilton Society 
and one of its most efficient missionaries, also one of the 
original thirteen who formed the Education Society at 
Hamilton, and one of the three Baptist ministers west 
of the Hudson River who at that time had received a 
college training. He was born in Simsbury, Conn., 
March 27, 1765. He was a son of Rev. Benajah Roots, 
who, in 1773, removed to Rutland, Vt., where the son 
was converted at the age of nineteen, in a revival of 
great power commenced under the labors of his pious 
father. At the age of twenty-five he graduated from 
Dartmouth College. While at college he had serious 
doubts concerning infant baptism. After graduation 
he gave the subject more prayerful consideration, and 
as a result he was baptized in Boston by Dr. Stillman, 
in 1793. He was ordained as an evangelist the same year 
and traveled extensively through the South, preached 
in seventeen States of the United States, and in Canada. 



THE UNITED FORCES AT WORK 115 

He traveled on an average 3,000 miles a year, and annu- 
ally preached 300 sermons for thirty years. He was 
sound in faith, of eminent piety, and abundant in 
labors. He died at Mendon, Monroe County, N. Y., 
December 26, 1828. 



CHAPTER XII 

THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 

THE Great Awakening. — The years from 1830 to 
1843 saw a season of unprecedented religious pros- 
perity in the State and the country at large. Revivals 
of religion were frequent and converts multiplied. For 
this work the Lord had raised up a class of men, who 
were remarkable for their spiritual power and fervor 
and eminently successful in winning men to Christ. 
In the face of much opposition from the conservative 
class in the ministry and membership of the churches, 
they went forth to proclaim the lost condition of the un- 
converted, and salvation through the free grace of God 
in Jesus Christ. They used the plainest possible lan- 
guage, but spoke with an unction and power well-nigh 
irresistible, " God also bearing them witness both with 
signs and wonders and with divers miracles (of convert- 
ing grace) and gifts of the Holy Spirit," — which if not 
quite apostolic were certainly effectual in the salvation of 
men. Prominent among these evangelists were such 
men as Charles G. Finney and Jedidiah Burchard, among 
the Presbyterians; and Jacob Knapp, Jabez Swan, A. 
C. Kingsley, and Lewis Raymond, among the Baptists. 
As a result of one series of evangelistic meetings held 
by Elder Jacob Knapp in Baltimore, in 1839, it was 
estimated that 10,000 persons were converted. 1 The 

1 One of the first general organizations for the promotion of temperance, 
known as the " Washingtonian Temperance Movement," was the out- 
116 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 117 

State of New York was especially blessed by a wide- 
spread and thorough religious awakening. In this work 
the missionaries of the Convention were active, and cor- 
responding results followed their labors. This spiritual 
quickening prepared the way for new methods and en- 
larged operations for extending the Kingdom of God on 
the American continent. 

The Home Mission Society. — Previous to the year 
1832 the work of home evangelization was carried on by 
volunteers, at their own charge, or as we have already 
seen, by local or State missionary organizations. There 
was. however, one exception. In 1 8 1 7, the Triennial Con- 
vention undertook in a small way home mission work 
in the new territories of the West, and sent Elders John 
M. Peck and James E. Welch to the Mississippi Valley. 
This arrangement continued only until 1820, when the 
home work of the Convention among the whites was 
discontinued, and Elders Peck and Welch were adopted 
as missionaries of the Massachusetts Missionary Society. 
In 1 83 1 Jonathan Going, d. d., of Massachusetts, vis- 
ited Mr. Peck at Vandalia, Illinois. 

Very earnestly did these men of kindred spirit, worthy to be 
reckoned ' ' true yoke-fellows, ' ' devote themselves for the next 
three months to canvassing the mighty problem : How can the great 

growth of this revival. A saloon-keeper was berating Mr. Knapp in the 
most scandalous manner when a man named Mitchell, who attended the 
meeting, declared, "If you keep up this abuse any longer I will never 
drink another drop in your house or anywhere else, as long as my name 
is Mitchell." In this he was joined by one Hawkins, and others who took 
a solemn pledge of total abstinence. They organized the above-named 
society. As another version is given of this incident, this is taken from 
Mr. Knapp's autobiography. 



Il8 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

work of home evangelization be most efficiently promoted ? They 
traveled together by day and by night, in sunshine and in storm, 
through large portions of Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, and Ken- 
tucky, They conferred with all the more intelligent and pious 
ministers and laymen ; attended Associations, churches, camp- 
meetings, and all other gatherings of Baptists as far as practica- 
ble ; inquired and consulted, wept, prayed, and rejoiced together. 

Before they parted in the following September, at 
Shelbyville, Ky., the plan for the organization of a 
society which should combine the strength of the 
Baptists of the nation had been conceived and fully dis- 
cussed by these brethren. 

Initial Steps for the New Society. — Doctor Go- 
ing was no idle dreamer. He returned East to put into 
action the plans which he conceived to be called for 
by the needs of the field and the ordering of divine 
Providence. The result was that the Massachusetts 
Missionary Society, at its meeting in November, 183 1, 
was so impressed by his presentation of the needs of 
the " Great West " that they appointed Doctors Sharp 
and Bolles, of Boston, and Doctor Going, of Worcester, 
a committee to visit the city of New York to confer 
with the brethren there and with the Board of the New 
York State Convention, which also had missionaries in 
the West. Some of the delegation visited Philadelphia 
for the same purpose. The result of these conferences 
was the organization of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, in the Mulberry Street Baptist Church, 
New York City, April 27, 1832. As some of the ses- 
sions were held in the Oliver Street Church, that church 
divides the honors with the Mulberry Street Church. 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 119 

The following officers were chosen : President, Hon. 
Heman Lincoln; corresponding secretary, Jonathan 
Going, d. d. ; recording secretary, William R. Williams, 
d. d. ; treasurer, William Colgate, Esq. If the union 
of all the Baptist forces of the State was necessary to 
the greatest efficiency in the State work, it was a logi- 
cal supposition that such a union of forces in the several 
States would be of equal advantage to the work in the 
nation. Such seems to have been the reasoning of the 
fathers in 1832. 

State Convention Becomes Auxiliary. — At the 
meeting of the Convention held at Rome, October 18, 
19, 1832, the following action was taken and entered 
in the minutes : 

The executive committee of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society having invited the Convention to become an 
auxiliary, 

Resolved, That this Convention be an auxiliary to the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society in accordance with the con- 
ditions expressed in the seventh article of their constitution. 

This plan of co-operation seems to have met with 
hearty approval by the churches and was carried out 
with great earnestness and sincerity by the Board of 
the Convention, and for several years was in every re- 
spect a success. At the time of the formation of the 
Home Mission Society the auxiliary relation of the Con- 
vention to it was of vital importance. The number of 
Baptists in New York was 60,006, and in all the United 
States, 384,926. It will be seen that the Baptist mem- 
bership of the State was nearly one-sixth of the whole, 
and larger than that of any other State in the Union, 



120 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Virginia only approximating it with a membership of 
54,302. 

Separation Deplored. — The co-operative relation 
was continued until 1846, when by the action of the 
Home Mission Society it was abrogated. The reasons 
for this action do not concern us now, nor does the wis- 
dom of the step, since it cannot be revoked. But it is 
to be greatly regretted that so many separate agencies, 
with evident loss of power and with additional expense, 
should be operated to do precisely the one kind of work 
on practically the same field. The only consolation left 
us is the reflection that God in his infinite wisdom and 
mercy overrules the weakness and selfishness of his 
people that cause all their divisions, to the final advance- 
ment of his kingdom and his own glory, on the same 
principle by which he causes the wrath of man to praise 
him and the remainder of wrath restrains. This, how- 
ever, is no more of an excuse for divisions than for 
any other moral evil which disturbs the peace of the 
church or the world. It is but fair to state that many 
excellent and judicious brethren, who could not be 
charged with selfishness, thought the work of collecting 
funds for the Home Mission Society could be accom- 
plished with more efficiency by direct appeals to the 
churches through its own agents than by any auxiliary 
agency. This argument was not without weight. Yet 
the question still remains whether, after all, that objec- 
tion to co-operation, could not have been removed, 
and only one set of agents for collecting funds been 
retained in the field for practically the same purpose. 
The operations of these two organizations are now car- 



the home mission and bible SOCIETIES 121 

ried on with perfect harmony, and there is at present 
no call for a change, other than a still closer fellowship 
in all our missionary operations, which is happily grow- 
ing each year. 

Twenty-fifth Anniversary. — At this meeting of the 
Convention the treasurer's report showed an encourag- 
ing increase, the income for the year being $8,307.24 
and the disbursements, $6,010.41. The Asiatic cholera 
had brought death and sorrow to many homes. The 
great ingathering of the previous year had been followed 
by another reaper, who had made earth poor and heaven 
richer by his harvest. Nathaniel J. Gilbert, Enoch 
Green, and Jarius Handy, worthy ministers of the gos- 
pel, and Deacon Thomas Stokes, all of them life-mem- 
bers of the Convention and former members of the 
Board, had entered into their eternal rest. 

Twenty-sixth Anniversary. — The annual meeting 
of the Convention, October 16, 17, 1833, was favored 
with a sermon by Rev. Jonathan Wade, late from Burma. 
The presence of Mr. and Mrs. Wade, with some Bur- 
mese converts, added greatly to the interest of the meet- 
ing. At this session it was 

Resolved, That the Board be instructed to take such measures 
as they may think proper to raise, the ensuing year, $6,000, 
within this State, for the treasury of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society. 

As a futher indication of the sentiment of the Board 
regarding the Home Mission Society, the following ex- 
tract from the annual report may be quoted : 



122 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

The American Baptist Home Mission Society is doing a great 
work, and we rejoice to co-operate with them as an auxiliary. 
They need our aid from the fact that we have hitherto occupied 
so much territory beyond the limits of our own State. We have 
paid into the treasury but $300. Elders Going and Crosby, dele- 
gates from the Society, have been with us in our present session, 
and have given a short but interesting account of its plans and 
labors. Should our fields be diminished nearly to the boundaries 
of the State, we recommend that measures be adopted to secure 
an amount of funds for the treasury of that Society commensurate 
with our ability, and with our rank among its auxiliaries. 

Enlarged Plans. — At the annual meeting, October 
15, 16, 1834, the following resolution was adopted : 

Resolved, That in view of the increasing ability of our denom- 
ination in this State, and the just and pressing claims which the 
great valley of the West, and other portions of our country em- 
braced in the field of the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
present, we pledge to that body $10,000 to be raised in this State 
the ensuing year. 

The treasurer reported $11,051.71 received and $7,928.- 
81 expended. Thirty years of ministerial labor had 
been performed by the missionaries ; meeting-houses 
had been erected, Sunday-schools established, and many 
churches, hitherto aided, had become self-supporting, 
and were now contributing to the funds of the Con- 
vention. 

Twenty-eighth Anniversary. — The meeting of the 
Convention at Albany, October 21, 22, 1835, was one of 
delightful interest. The treasurer's report showed an 
income of $17,636.35, and an expenditure of $16,009.64. 
The proposed sum of $10,000 for the Home Mission 
Society had been raised, and a large increase in the 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 1 23 

work of the Convention, through its own missionaries, 
had been maintained. In accomplishing this task, Rev. 
John Peck had given much efficient service as general 
agent. He had been ably assisted by Rev. Lewis 
Leonard. Rev. Calvin G. Carpenter, who had been the 
successful corresponding secretary for the previous eight 
years resigned, and John Smitzer was elected in his 
place. 

Squire Manro. — The venerable Deacon Squire 
Manro, who had so faithfully served his generation, by 
the will of God fell asleep March 31, 1835. He had 
been from the organization of the Convention at Mentz, 
in 1 82 1, one of its most liberal supporters, its first presi- 
dent, and a member of the Board. He was a generous 
contributor to all objects of denominational interest. 

The Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Con- 
vention was held at Whitesborough, Oct. 19, 20, 1836. 
The treasurer's report showed receipts of $17,390.18, 
and expenditures of $15,668.54. Of this sum $10,000 
was paid to the Home Mission Society. For the first time 
we find in the report a more definite statement of the 
work of the missionaries. More than 6,000 sermons had 
been preached, more than 10,000 families visited, and 356 
persons had been baptized. The school at Tonawanda 
had been maintained since its commencement at that 
station, and regular worship observed. 

American and Foreign Bible Society. — The year 
1836 brought a new crisis in the history of the denom- 
ination. In November of the previous year the Ameri- 



124 N ^ w YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

can Bible Society had refused to grant aid to Baptist 
missionaries in circulating versions of the Scriptures in 
foreign languages where the word baptize had been 
properly translated, although Baptists had paid into 
the treasury of that Society $170,000, and had received 
less than $30,000 for the use of their missionaries and 
for circulating the word of God on their fields. This 
manifest injustice led the Baptists to withdraw from the 
annual meeting of the American Bible Society, held in 
New York City, May 12, 1836, and on the following 
day about 120 Baptists held a meeting in the Oliver 
Street Baptist Church and organized " The American 
and Foreign Bible Society." -The State Convention, at 
the annual meeting October, 1836, by resolution heartily 
endorsed this action, and appointed a large delegation 
to attend a Bible Convention to be held in Philadelphia, 
in April, 1837. The following were present and partici- 
pated in the deliberations of that interesting and histori- 
cal meeting : Charles G. Somers, William Colgate, Ed- 
win Kingsford, Alexander M. Beebee, Daniel Hascall, 
Nathaniel Kendrick, John Peck, William R. Williams, 
William Parkinson, Duncan Dunbar, Spencer H. Cone, 
John Dowling, and B. T. Welch. The following reso- 
lutions embody the sentiments of that representative 
body of Baptists, and were adopted with great hearti- 
ness and unanimity : 

Resolved, That under existing circumstances it is the indispen- 
sable duty of the Baptist denomination in the United States to 
organize a distinct society for the purpose of aiding in the trans- 
lation, printing, and circulation of the sacred Scriptures. 

Resolved, That the Society confine its efforts during the ensu- 
ing year to the circulation of the word of God in foreign tongues. 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 1 25 

The Bible Union. — So far all was harmonious and 
the denomination was a unit. In a few years a new 
question was in the air and must have an answer. Briefly 
stated it was this : If a pure version of the Scriptures 
is desirable for the use of missionaries on the foreign 
field, why should not a pure version be circulated in our 
own tongue ? Over this question warm discussions 
arose, and a heated controversy was waged for several 
years. As a result of this discussion those favoring the 
revision of the English Scriptures withdrew from the 
American and Foreign Bible Society, and in 1849 
formed the American Bible Union. 

Bible Question Settled. — This question of Bible 
translation among Baptists was a burning one then, and 
continued to be, until the whole matter was amicably 
settled at the great Bible Convention in Saratoga, May 
22, 1883, which was composed of delegates appointed by 
the several State Conventions of the United States, when 
the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That in the translation of foreign versions the pre- 
cise meaning of the original text should be given, and that what- 
ever organization should be chosen as the most desirable for the 
prosecution for home Bible work, the commonly received version, 
the Anglo-American, with the corrections of the American revisers 
incorporated in the text, and the revisions of the American Bible 
Union, should be circulated. 

Resolved, That in the judgment of this Convention the Bible 
work of the Baptists should be done by our two existing societies : 
the foreign work by the American Baptist Missionary Union, and 
the home work by the American Baptist Publication Society. 

Hard Times. — The year 1837 was one of great and 
unprecedented financial stringency in the State, and 



126 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

indeed in the nation. On account of the almost total 
failure of crops in 1836, provisions of all kinds were 
extravagantly dear. The financial depression was so 
severe that a general suspension of business was made 
necessary, thus cutting off the ability of the people to 
contribute to the funds of the Convention as they had 
done hitherto. 

Women Came to the Rescue. — In this emergency 
a circular was addressed early in June to the Baptist 
women of the State, inviting them to engage as exten- 
sively as possible in the manufacture of flannel, which 
was next to cash in value, to meet the needs of the mis- 
sionaries. This request elicited a most general response, 
and notwithstanding the hard times the treasurer's re- 
port showed an income of $12,057.14, which enabled 
the Board to meet all its obligations, and pay into the 
treasury of the Home Mission Society $6,000, which 
was nearly half the total receipts of that society for the 
year. 

Spiritual Prosperity. — The result of missionary 
labor, however, had been unprecedentedly large, showing 
an aggregate of fifty-one years of ministerial service, 
12,000 sermons preached, 16,000 families visited, and 
520 baptisms. 

History of the Convention. — During the year 
Messrs. John Peck and John Lawton, whose names 
have become so familiar to us, had by special request, 
prepared a short history of the Convention, which was 
published by Bennett & Bright, at Utica, N. Y., and 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 127 

which has since proved of inestimable value. These 
men were the two " Saint Johns " of their age, and most 
worthily did they fulfill their mission in the world. 
Elder Peck was the general agent of the Convention, but 
Elder Lawton, not being under pay, was allowed fifty 
dollars for his services, and was further rewarded with 
special and honorable mention by the Board. As he 
received no money, but took his pay in copies of the 
book, it cannot be supposed that his earthly riches were 
largely increased as a result of his labors. 

Important Fields Occupied. — Some of the churches 
receiving aid from the Convention in 1837, made reports 
of special historic value that cannot be put into figures. 
We will cite a few interesting facts : 

The church at Amsterdam had a severe struggle 
for several years, but was hopeful under the labors of 
Elder John T. Whitman. At Athens nine were bap- 
tized, among them a Methodist preacher of promising 
talent. The Attica Church was engaged in building a 
good house of worship. Batavia had, until 1834, been 
without a Baptist church. They had now, by the aid of 
the Convention and a contribution of $1,200 from the 
churches of the Genesee Association, erected a new 
house of worship, which had been dedicated in January 
of that year ; this was followed by a revival in which 
twenty were baptized. At Canandaigua Village a beau- 
tiful chapel had been erected, and soon after its dedica- 
tion a revival ensued resulting in the baptism of thirty- 
six. This was in 1836. The first Monday in January, 
1837, was observed as a day of fasting and prayer, which 
was followed by a general spirit of revival. In March, 



128 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Elder Jacob Knapp came to their assistance, and the 
work was greatly augmented, resulting in the baptism 
of eighty-four. Lockville (now Newark) had erected a 
new house of worship, and was blessed with a bountiful 
outpouring of the Spirit, in which forty-seven were re- 
ceived by baptism. Elder Noah Barrell was the pastor. 
Little Falls, Jamestown, and Dunkirk, had all passed 
through very depressing conditions, but by the aid of 
the Convention had secured good pastors and were now 
becoming hopeful and encouraged. Evidences of pros- 
perity were apparent. The pastors respectively were 
J. W. Olmsted (afterward editor of the " Watchman and 
Reflector," Boston), Asahel Chapin, and Henry B. Ewell. 
It would be intensely interesting, to those acquainted 
with these and like churches, to read of their early strug- 
gles and triumphs, and to note the value of a little 
timely aid and encouragement. What those churches 
passed through, others are passing through to-day. 

Revival at Penn Yan. — In 1838 the church at 
Penn Yan which had become almost disheartened by 
adverse conditions, insomuch that "the prospects 
seemed fearfully ominous lest they should lose their 
house of worship," through the aid of the Convention 
was enabled to secure Ira Bennett as pastor. At that 
time the church numbered thirty-four. The Lord mani- 
fested his grace in saving souls. Jacob Knapp came to 
the assistance of the pastor, and preached with marvel- 
ous power. A multitude were moved to accept Christ ; 
148 were baptized, and thirty-seven added by letter. 
As a result of this revival the church became at once 
self-supporting, the debt was paid, and a period of per- 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 1 29 

manent prosperity ensued. Not all the churches were 
thus blessed, nor all the pastors thus successful. 

Rev. A. B. Earle labored faithfully for two years as 
missionary pastor at Mohawk, Auriesville, Fultonville, 
Fonda, and vicinity ; at the close, he says : " I do not 
know of but one person that has given evidence of a 
new birth since I began my missionary labors." And 
yet afterward this man became a noted evangelist, and 
was instrumental in bringing thousands to confess 
Christ as their Saviour. Watertown had, during the 
year, completed a house of worship at a cost of $4,000, 
the opening of which was followed by a revival in which 
twenty-three persons were baptized. Elder Charles 
Clark was pastor. 

A Notable Year. — The year 1838 brings a more 
cheerful report of the finances and a corresponding in- 
crease in the result of missionary labor. As yet no 
tabular statements were given of the work of individual 
missionaries, but we have a total income of $17,763.95, 
of which $4,500 was paid to the Home Mission Society. 
The aggregate shows sixty-four years of missionary la- 
bor under the patronage of the Convention, being ten 
years in excess of any previous year ; 1 3,000 sermons 
preached; 18,000 families visited; 4,350 taught in 
Sunday-schools, and 1,004 added to churches aided by 
the Convention, and 200 to other Baptist churches, 
making 1,204 baptisms in all. Of others converted 
500 had either joined Pedobaptist churches or were still 
without church relation, and four new churches were 
organized. This was a remarkable year's work. The 
report of this year (1838) records the death of Elder John 



130 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Lawton, of Pitcher, a constituent member, director, 
and secretary of the Hamilton Missionary Society, and 
a faithful member of the Board of the Convention. 

Work Tabulated. — The annual report for 1839 
gives the first tabular statement of the labors of individ- 
ual missionaries. Seventy-six years of missionary work 
were reported. There were 14,000 sermons preached; 
21,000 visits made ; 581 baptized, and five churches or- 
ganized by the missionaries of the Convention. These 
churches were Williamsburg, Kings County; Piermont, 
Rockland County ; Richville, Genesee County ; Cohoes- 
ville, Albany County ; and Gloversville, Fulton County. 

The trend of the religious sentiment of the denom- 
ination during this decade can be seen from the char- 
acter of the resolutions adopted at the annual meetings. 
In the report of 1833 we find the following objects ap- 
proved : Tract and Bible distribution, Sunday- schools, 
the " verse a day " plan for the study of the Scrip- 
tures, ministerial education, moral reform in view of the 
increase of licentiousness, a recommendation for the ob- 
servance of "the first Monday in January, 1834, as a 
day of fasting and prayer for the conversion of the 
world." The following is worthy to be inserted en- 
tire : 

Resolved, That we cordially approve of the system of benevo- 
lent operations recommended by the ministerial conference con- 
vened at Hamilton in June last ; and in accordance therewith, 
we earnestly solicit all the churches of our denomination in this 
State to open a book of benevolence, containing a list of the 
names of all the members of the church, and separate columns 
headed with the leading objects of benevolence patronized by 
the denomination, viz : Bible, Ministerial Education, Domestic 



THE HOME MISSION AND BIBLE SOCIETIES 131 

Missions, Foreign Missions, Sabbath-schools, and Tract Societies, 
and cause the several objects to be explained to each member, 
and the obligation to sustain them urged upon every communi- 
cant, and all suitable and scriptural arguments employed to in- 
duce them to subscribe what their circumstances will allow. 

Frequent reference is also made in these reports to 
the cause of temperance, showing that Christianity is 
always in the lead in all moral reforms. 



CHAPTER XIII 

AN ERA OF CHANGES 

ANEW Departure. — The year 1840 marks a new 
era in the history of the State Missionary Con- 
vention. Elder John Peck, who had so faithfully and 
efficiently served the Convention as its general agent 
for many years, whose name was a household word 
throughout the State, was at the earnest request of the 
Board of the Home Mission Society released from fur- 
ther service to the Convention, and became general 
agent of the latter, in which capacity he labored until 
his death in 1849. R- ev - Lewis Leonard, who had been 
associated with Elder Peck for several years, labored 
alone as general agent during 1840 in the service of 
the Convention, and Rev. Whitman Metcalf, of blessed 
memory, was appointed as his associate in 1841. The 
relations of the State Missionary Convention and the 
Home Mission Society were perfectly harmonious 
and satisfactory. The agents of the Convention had 
never failed to present the cause of the Home Mission 
Society with the same zeal and earnestness that they 
had manifested in pleading for the State work. Each 
report of the Convention gave a summary of the work 
of the national society. The loss of Elder Peck as 
general agent was seriously felt. He was so identified 
with the work, and so well and favorably known in the 
State, that to transplant him to another sphere appeared 
to many to be a mistake. This resulted in a diminution 
132 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 1 33 

of more than $3,000 in the income of the Convention 
for the first year. Nor was this loss compensated for 
by any considerable increase of the funds of the Home 
Mission Society for the same time. The New York 
Convention had been the most important auxiliary and 
largest contributor to the funds of the Home Mission 
Society, and the auxiliary relation had been pronounced 
by both organizations highly satisfactory. Any de- 
crease in the income of the Convention would cut off 
an important source of income to the general society. 
Then, apparently the change on the part of Elder Peck 
himself was a mistake. He was never physically strong, 
and now had passed the prime of life. His new sphere 
required longer journeys and larger responsibilities. 
These a young man could have endured with less fa- 
tigue, and young men were not wanting who were 
able and willing to assume them. These remarks do 
not reflect in the slightest degree on the motive of any 
one. Mr. Peck was urged to accept the position, and 
the Board of the Convention in its generosity was un- 
unwilling to oppose what at the time seemed to be and 
may have been the wise thing to do. 

Too Many Agents. — Another difficulty closely con- 
nected with the giving up of Elder Peck was the mul- 
tiplication of financial agents. The formation of new 
societies was the occasion for an increase in their num- 
ber. Home missions, foreign missions, Bible cause, 
General Tract Society, education, and State missions, 
each had representatives visiting the same churches and 
Associations, and it is not surprising that some good 
people felt them to be a burden. It was not strange 



134 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

that the cause of State missions should have been 
pressed into a corner. These other causes were all 
good and important, yet it is a question now, and was a 
greater one then, whether the multiplication of societies 
was really the wisest way to compass the purpose in- 
tended. If the societies were a necessity, were so 
many collecting agents needed? Could not some of 
this work have been performed more successfully and 
economically by the agents of the Convention, who 
were sufficiently large-hearted to represent all these 
great causes ? At least some simplification of the 
work to many appeared to be desirable, but no one 
seems to have had sufficient wisdom and influence to 
accomplish so desirable a result. But our purpose is to 
chronicle facts rather than to discuss measures. They 
were discussed then, and the discussion often diverted 
attention from the great needs of a perishing world, 
and from the duty laid upon God's people to fulfill the 
command of our Lord, " Go ye into all the world and 
preach the gospel to every creature." 

No Fault of the Agents. — Lest we be misunder- 
stood, let it be remembered that no truer or more con- 
secrated and self-denying men than these same financial 
agents, ever stood before an audience to plead the cause 
of Christ. They did other work than to plead for 
money ; they preached the gospel with fervor and 
power ; they counseled, comforted, and encouraged 
pastors and churches. Could the churches have es- 
timated them at their true value, they would have been 
more warmly welcomed, and the additional expense con- 
sequent upon their employment more cheerfully borne. 




ELON GALUSHA. 
President trom 1824-1843. 



Page 135 



AN BRA OF CHANGES 135 

Elon Galusha. — The resignation of Rev. Elon 
Galusha as president, in 1843, was a serious loss to the 
working force of the Convention. He had filled that 
office with admirable skill and remarkable ability for 
nineteen years. The occasion of this change is sup- 
posed to be his opinions on the subject of the second 
advent, a theme that was causing intense excitement 
and warm discussions through the country. William 
Miller, a man of piety and great sincerity, had, as he 
believed, been able to discover from the prophecies of 
Scripture the time of our Lord's return. This erroneous 
doctrine was not entertained largely by Baptist ministers 
or churches. The few who embraced it were naturally 
ill at ease among their brethren. Just what the views 
of Mr. Galusha were on the subject the writer does not 
know, nor need we inquire. That he was a man of 
great piety and integrity of character all who ever knew 
him cheerfully acknowledged. He never lost his interest 
in the work of the Convention, and was afterward a 
member of the Board. In 1856 the following report 
of the obituary committee, of which Pharcellus Church, 
d. d., was chairman, was adopted by the Convention : 

Elon Galusha departed this life at his residence, in Lockport, 
N. Y., on the sixth day of January, 1856, after a protracted ill- 
ness which he bore with patience, and finally expired in the hope 
of a glorious immortality. Born in Vermont, where his father 
was formerly governor of the State, he, early in life, emigrated 
to this State, and located in Whitesborough. At that time he 
was considered the most eloquent young minister in our denomi- 
nation, and we often heard from him, in those days, sermons of 
surprising brilliancy of conception, elegance, and force of de- 
livery, and of the most enrapturing effect upon delighted audi- 
tories. The pastoral office, however, could not restrain the eager 



136 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

grasp of his spirit after the widest scope for action and achieve- 
ment, but he embarked in various enterprises which comprehend 
the State and the nation. First, the establishment and endow- 
ment of the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution ; then, 
the liquidation of the debts of Columbian College, the establish- 
ment of this Convention, the promotion of foreign missions, and 
how many objects of this kind it would be difficult to enumerate. 
Some of us were present at the Madison Association when he and 
Rev. E. F. Willey, then of Utica, earnestly plead to have the old 
missionary societies, which had long existed in that section, 
merged in the New York Baptist State Convention. Doubts were 
entertained by some of the friends of these former organizations, 
whether it would be wise to have them all absorbed in a new and 
yet unknown institution, to obviate which Brother Galusha made 
one of his most convincing and stirring appeals. Measures were 
then taken which finally resulted in the concentration of the mis- 
sionary societies into this body, of which he was afterward long 
the president, and to whose success for some years he contributed 
the full force of his energy and zeal. Brother Galusha never took 
hold of anything without making the most of it. His grasp upon 
subjects was strong, and his positions were by many thought ex- 
treme, especially in those enterprises which are devoted to the 
correction of social abuses. He felt for those in bonds as bound 
with them, and not regarding what his friends in the South thought 
of him, where for a time he was highly popular, he was behind 
none in acting against their peculiar institution. How much he 
contributed toward the present state of public sentiment at the 
North it is not easy to estimate. He never seemed to consider 
what others would think of him when urging to the utmost extent 
enterprises on which rested the obloquy of an exasperated senti- 
ment. Even in his advent views we had the means of knowing 
that no man could be more sincere or more earnest in his convic- 
tions. He gave up his whole soul to the hope of a speedy meet- 
ing with the Lord, which he now, we trust, enjoys, though not in 
the form which he had anticipated. But the race of our brother 
is run, and we leave to the unfoldings of eternity the uses which 
God has subserved by its means. Peace be to his spirit Let the 
living tread lightly upon his ashes. 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 1 37 

Elder Galusha held pastorates at Whitesborough, 
Utica, Rochester, Perry, and Lockport. The following, 
from the " Baptist Encyclopedia," bears additional testi- 
mony to his character : 

For years he was one of the best known men in the State. He 
possessed a rich imagination, glowing enthusiasm, and when his 
sympathies were thoroughly enlisted, pure eloquence. Few men 
could carry a large congregation with such overwhelming power 
as Mr. Galusha. He was one of the most unselfish and devout 
Christians. He was a father and leader in Israel, whose memory 
was blessed fragrance. 

The following pen picture of Rev. Elon Galusha is 
from Miss Laura M. Carpenter, whose father, Rev. C. 
G. Carpenter, was intimately associated with him for 
many years, and baptized by him : 

I asked father once about Elder Galusha. He said he had a 
very refined face, blue eyes, brown hair, and possessed a voice of 
wonderful sweetness, with a peculiar charm in his manner that 
won friends at once. He was a son of Governor Galusha, of 
Vermont, and came of a scholarly race. 

Large Ingatherings. — The results of missionary 
labor for the years 1841 and 1842 continued to be most 
encouraging. The baptisms of the former year re- 
ported were 920, the latter 1,019. The revival spirit 
was very extensively prevalent in the churches until its 
culmination in the great ingatherings in 1843. 

Jonathan Olmsted. — The annual report of 1842 
records the death of Deacon Jonathan Olmsted, of 
Hamilton, one of the constituent members of the Ham- 
ilton Missionary Society, throughout its history a mem- 
ber of its Board of directors, and for several years its 



138 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

treasurer. When the Convention was organized as a 
separate body, in 1 821, he was chosen a member of that 
Board, which office he filled until his death, May 3, 
1842. He was born in Chatham, Conn., July 29, 1767. 
He was married to Freedom Wheeler in 1803, and soon 
after moved to Hamilton, where he was baptized into 
the fellowship of the Baptist church, and became one 
of its most useful members. He was deeply interested 
in the cause of education, and was one of the founders 
of the Education Society, and a liberal contributor to 
its funds. He was deeply interested in all missionary 
enterprises, home and foreign. He was a devout Chris- 
tian and a worthy citizen. 

The Revival of 1843. — In 1843 tne baptisms num- 
bered 1,857, the largest in the history of the Conven- 
tion. The year, however, was one of large ingatherings 
everywhere in the country. The whole number of bap- 
tisms reported by the denomination in the State was 
1 5>569, a record probably unparalleled in the history of 
the denomination in the State of New York to this day. 
This remarkable growth was followed by a year of de- 
clension. In 1844 there was a serious reaction, only 
274 baptisms being reported as the result of missionary 
labor. 

Relations with the Home Mission Society. — In 
1843 it was for the first time apparent that the relations 
which had existed between the State Missionary Con- 
vention and the Home Mission Society were no longer 
entirely satisfactory. The Convention had paid into the 
treasury of the Home Mission Society in the first ten 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 1 39 

years, $43,947.70, considerably more than one-third of 
the entire receipts of the Society. In 1844 a judicious 
committee, consisting of Edward Bright, Jr., William 
Clark, Beriah N. Leach, Pharcellus Church, Jirah D. 
Cole, Zenas Freeman, and Isaac Westcott was ap- 
pointed by the Board to consider this question. They 
submitted the following report, which covers the whole 
ground : 

Resolved, That the auxiliary relation between the Convention 
and the American Baptist Home Mission Society be continued. 

Resolved, That the permanency and effectiveness of this rela- 
tionship require that the Convention be the sole agency within 
this State for the collection of money to be expended in our whole 
country for such objects as are embraced within our home mission- 
ary operations. 

Resolved, That the Convention regard the claims of the West 
as paramount in the collection and in the disbursement of its 
funds ; and that it make no appropriations to be expended within 
our State but such as are demanded by the most urgent necessity, 
and after the fullest and most perfect knowledge has been obtained 
of the facts in the case. 

Resolved, That whatever funds shall be designated by the con- 
tributors for the Home Mission Society shall be sacredly paid over 
by the Convention to its treasury, and that the whole surplus, after 
the most rigid economy has been employed in making appropria- 
tions within our own borders, be paid into the treasury of that 
Society. 

Resolved, That the Convention employ some suitable means to 
impress the associational missionary committees with the impor- 
tance and the necessity of recommending less to be expended 
within their own limits, that more may be given to the Home 
Mission Society. 

Resolved, That the Convention have two or more agents con- 
stantly in the field, and that it carefully seek the concurrence of the 
Home Mission Society in their appointments. 

Resolved, That the Home Mission Society be requested to 



140 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

supply our agents from time to time with such information in re- 
lation to the wants of the great field, as may contribute to their 
efficiency in collecting funds. 

After an earnest effort on the part of the Board to 
devise a plan of co-operation that would meet all objec- 
tions, without success, the whole question was disposed 
of, as we have seen, by the action of the Home Mission 
Society in May, 1 846, which, by a revision of its consti- 
tution, dissolved the auxiliary relation hitherto existing 
between the two organizations. 

Troublous Times. — Those were days of severe de- 
nominational testing in the State and in the nation. The 
slavery question seriously threatened the peace of Zion. 
There were three parties : the radicals of the South, the 
conservatives, who sought to maintain existing relations 
by compromise, and the radical anti-slavery element at the 
North ; hence co-operation was impossible in the work of 
missions, and separation ensued, resulting in the forma- 
tion of the American Baptist Free Mission Society in 
1843, the withdrawal of Southern Baptists and the 
organization of the Southern Baptist Convention in 
1845, and the change of the name of the General Bap- 
tist Convention for Foreign Missions to the American 
Baptist Missionary Union in 1846. The action of the 
Southern Baptists affected the Home Mission Society 
as well. The Southern Baptist Convention, however, 
instead of organizing a new Home Mission Society, 
wisely instituted a Home Mission Board. 

Other Elements of Discord. — Another source of 
discord arose about this time within the American and 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 141 

Foreign Bible Society concerning the proposed revision 
of the English Scriptures, resulting, as has been stated, 
in the formation of the American Bible Union in 1850. 
Nor was this all. The proposition to remove the edu- 
cational institutions at Hamilton to Rochester, met 
with such heated opposition that another education 
society was formed and another university and theo- 
logical seminary were established at Rochester. This 
change was effected in 1850. Was there ever such a 
period of seven years in the history of the denomination 
in which so many questions of such vast importance 
were in the air, as from 1843 to 1850? With all these 
questions under discussion — and the discussions were 
often characterized by everything but coolness and 
moderation — it is not strange that few revivals were re- 
ported and the number of baptisms was greatly reduced. 

Still One at Heart. — In spite of all these divisive 
questions Baptists were one at heart, and when the 
smoke of the conflict had cleared away, they were really 
one in purpose and in spirit. Each of the opposing fac- 
tions had held to important truths, but no one had a 
monopoly of the truth. God, over all, cared for his 
churches, and the State Missionary Convention was a 
common rallying ground where all could meet and work 
together in harmony. 

Nathaniel Kendrick. — The death of Nathaniel 
Kendrick, d. d., September n, 1848, removed a valu- 
able member of the Board, who had been identified 
with the work of the Hamilton Missionary Society as 
one of its itinerant missionaries, and who was first 



142 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

vice-president of the State Missionary Convention to 
the time of his death. He was one of the founders of 
the Education Society, and in 1821 was elected pro- 
fessor of Systematic Theology at the Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution, and in 1836 became its 
president. He was a man of remarkable ability. Al- 
though he had never enjoyed the privilege of a college 
training, he had by such aid as could be obtained from 
private instruction and personal application risen to 
eminence as a scholar and educator. In 1823 the de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by 
Brown University. He was as distinguished for his 
deep piety as for his mental attainments. The story of 
his life is well told in his biography published by the 
American Baptist Publication Society. 

Death of John Peck. — The death of none of the 
fathers was more deeply mourned than was that of 
Elder John Peck, who was taken to his eternal rest De- 
cember 15, 1849. He was born in Milan, Dutchess 
County, N. Y., September 11, 1780; converted and 
baptized in his eighteenth year, and ordained as pastor 
at New Woodstock, First Cazenovia Church, June 11, 
1 806. This was his only pastorate. Frequent revivals 
accompanied his ministry, and six neighboring churches 
were organized during his Cazenovia pastorate, mainly 
of members dismissed from his church. Fifteen young 
men from the church were ordained to the ministry dur- 
ing the same period. The value of his labors to the 
State Missionary Convention and the Home Mission 
Society, in whose interests he jointly labored until May 
1839, and from that time until his death, mostly in the 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 1 43 

interests of the latter, were beyond computation. The 
following is a summary of his labors from 1839 to 1847. 
He wrote : 

I have been enabled by the blessing of God to travel in eigh- 
teen of the United States, mostly in the Northern ; have delivered 
1,441 sermons and public addresses, and collected for the Home 
Mission Society $32,478.27 ; also for the New York State Conven- 
tion $4, 158. 17 ; in all, for home missions and Convention, $36,- 
636. 44. . . I have also, besides the special duties of my agency, 
been called to various parts of the country to the performance of 
missionary and pastoral labors, in visiting the sick and afflicted, 
settling difficulties, and healing divisions among the churches and 
individual brethren, and assisting pastors in revivals of religion. 

Mr. Peck was severely afflicted by the loss of his wife 
and of his two sons, Linus M., October 4, and Philetus 
B., October 6, 1847, both promising men, the for- 
mer just entering the gospel ministry, the latter, the 
much loved and efficient pastor of the Owego Baptist 
Church. 

Elder Peck, as he was familiarly called, was a man of 
great gentleness and sweetness of temper, slow of speech 
in conversation, rather tall and slightly round shouldered, 
with the appearance of a delicate constitution, but of 
great persuasiveness of manner, and evidently a man 
who was much in communion with God. A generation 
has passed away since he moved among us, but his 
name is fragrant still and his influence will abide until 
the end of time. 

Under a Shadow. — The closing years of the decade 
we are now considering were dark and trying to the 
Convention. The income was reduced from $15,707.43 



144 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

in 1839, to $5,396.43 in 1849. There had been a 
large decrease in the amount of missionary labor, and 
the results had been correspondingly less. Rev. Orrin 
Dodge, who had in 1848 rendered efficient service in 
the collection of funds, was in 1849 persuaded to give 
his valuable talents as a collecting agent to the Mis- 
sionary Union, leaving Rev. C. G. Carpenter to act 
alone in that capacity. Rev. Jirah D. Cole, who had 
proved an efficient corresponding secretary since 1 844, 
in connection with the work as pastor at Whitesborough 
and Nunda, in 1850 resigned to become foreign mis- 
sion secretary for the Northwestern District with head- 
quarters at Chicago. So again the Convention was 
deprived of the services of two able and efficient laborers, 
at a time when they seemed to be most needed. Yet 
there was this compensation — they were not lost to the 
cause. Both performed valiant service in their new 
spheres for many years. 

Jirah D. Cole, d. d., who for six years was corre- 
sponding secretary of the State Missionary Convention, 
was born in Catskill, N. Y., January 4, 1802. The fol- 
lowing extract from a letter to his old friend, Rev. C. 
G. Carpenter, written on the sixtieth anniversity of his 
conversion, gives an account of that important experi- 
ence. 

It was during a period of more than common religious interest 
in Catskill, my native village. My mind was very deeply wrought 
upon for some time, but especially on the last Lord' s Day in Feb- 
ruary, the 25th [1821]. Sin lay upon my soul as a weighty bur- 
den. I saw myself a lost sinner justly condemned. On that 
Sabbath Elder Reed Burrett exchanged with Howard Malcom, 
then a young man and in his first pastorate with the church in 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 1 45 

Hudson. I scarcely remember anything about the morning ser- 
mon, but in the p. m. his text was 2 Sam. 24 : 14 : "And David 
said unto God, I am in a great strait : let us fall now into the 
hand of the Lord, for his mercies are great. ' ' Under this sermon 
my heart was melted and became very tender ; and my thoughts 
were turned to others, and very much removed from myself. . . 
On the following Lord' s Day, March 4, my father and I and five 
others were baptized. In about sixteen months I was licensed to 
preach, and in August, 1822, was received at the seminary in 
Hamilton. 

While in the seminary he was active in forming a mission- 
ary society, the third one of the kind in the United 
States. He graduated in 1826, and was ordained at 
Ogden, N. Y., September 12, 1827. He served as pas- 
tor or supply of the following churches in New York : 
Greenville, Ogden, Fredonia, Second Rochester, Parma, 
Fabius, Ithaca, Whitesborough, and Nunda. 

During the last two pastorates he served the Mis- 
sionary Convention as corresponding secretary, from 
1844 to 1850. This service was given at a time when 
the Convention was passing an important crisis. Such 
men as Elon Galusha and John Peck had retired from 
their positions in its counsels ; the reaction from the 
great revival of 1843 was being seriously felt, and the 
relations with the Home Mission Society were broken 
up. It was providential that such a man as Doctor 
Cole was willing to take this important position, which 
he filled with credit to himself and greatly to the effi- 
ciency of the work. 

In 1850 he accepted the appointment of the Mission- 
ary Union as general agent for the Northwestern Dis- 
trict with headquarters at Chicago. In this service he 
continued seven and one-half years. In 1 860 he again 



146 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

entered the pastorate, serving the churches at Barry, 
111., Valparaiso, Ind., Galva, Cordova, Atlanta, Lock- 
port, Rosette, and Neponsett, 111. This was his last 
pastorate. In 1882 he retired from active service in the 
ministry, and in February, 1883, in the city of Chicago, 
passed quietly to his eternal rest. 

Doctor Cole was a man of great physical endurance, 
possessed a clear mind, and was an indefatigable worker. 
He rendered important service with his pen, not only as 
secretary, but as author and compiler of several works ; 
and was a frequent contributor to denominational peri- 
odicals. Few men in his day performed more valuable 
service or left a better record. 

Charles Babcock, m. d. — Doctor Charles Babcock, 
of New Hartford, N. Y., who had faithfully served the 
Convention as treasurer from its organization in 1821, 
ended his earthly pilgrimage in the summer of 1850. 
His quiet, unostentatious work had been cheerfully and 
efficiently rendered, and with sad hearts the brethren 
heard the tidings of his death ; " sorrowing most of all 
that they should see his face no more." 

Adoniram Judson. — At the annual meeting in 1850 
it was announced that Doctor Adoniram Judson, senior 
missionary to Burma, who was a life-member of the 
Convention, had died on shipboard, April 2, 1850. His 
life and work are still potent factors in all missionary 
endeavor. The story of his life is too familiar to need 
any extended notice here. The meetings of the Con- 
vention had often been enlivened by the presence 
of missionaries from abroad ; none was more heartily 




WHITMAN METCAI.F. 
LEWIS LEONARD 



U. F. LEACH. 
JIRAH D. COLE. 

Page 147- 



AN ERA OF CHANGES 147 

welcomed, none more highly honored, than this heroic 
soul, when with wearied body he returned to his native 
land for a little well-earned rest. 

Whitman Metcalf, who served the State Mis- 
sionary Convention as financial agent from April, 1840, 
to April, 1844, as president in 1855 and 1856, and as 
moderator of the annual meetings in 1842, 1846, and 
1853, was well and favorably known throughout West- 
ern New York for fifty years, as a man of God and one 
whose life and character were peculiarly molded by di- 
vine grace for effective service in the Christian ministry. 
He was born in Royalston, Mass., November 16, 1797. 
At an early age he was converted and united with the 
Baptist church in his native town, where January 2, 
1 82 1, he preached his first sermon. He was educated 
at Amherst Academy, and at Waterville, Maine. In 
September, 1825, he was ordained and accepted an 
appointment as an itinerant missionary of the Massa- 
chusetts Baptist Missionary Society for Western New 
York. After spending several months in this work he 
went back to Massachusetts, where he was married Octo- 
ber 16, 1826, to Miss Juda Gale. 

Returning to his field of labor, November, 1826, he 
began housekeeping at Sardinia, Erie County. In Janu- 
ary, 1827, he accepted the pastorate of the Sardinia 
church. During this pastorate of six years he performed 
a vast amount of work in the surrounding towns, and 
assisted in the organization of several churches, the 
church of Strykersville being among the number. The 
missionary work of Mr. Metcalf on "The Holland Pur- 
chase " is still treasured among the churches of Western 



148 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

New York. His other pastorates were Albion, five 
years ; Sardinia, second term, three years ; Brockport, 
four years ; Springville, four years, and Nunda, nine 
years. He was out of the pastorate for a time, acting 
as financial agent of the Education Society at Hamil- 
ton, and of the Publication Society. His last public 
service was at the Semi-Centennial of the Strykersville 
Church, September 26, 1877, on which occasion he 
preached the anniversary sermon. The closing years 
of his useful life were spent with the church he last 
served at Nunda. The writer visited him, June 12, 
1876, and found him a sweet-spirited, cheerful saint, 
with heart still warm toward the work of the Conven- 
tion and deeply interested in all that pertained to the 
kingdom of God. He fell asleep November 7, 1877, 
having completed his fourscore years. 



CHAPTER XIV 

HELPERS IN THE WORK 

" ^pHE Baptist Register." — The printing press is a 
( most potent factor in evangelism. The value of 
this agency was not overlooked by those who were ac- 
tive in the formation of the State Missionary Convention. 
In 1824, Rev. Elon Galusha, of Whitesborough, and 
Rev. Elijah F. Willey, of Utica, the president and the 
corresponding secretary of the Convention, with others, 
undertook the publication of a small, weekly sheet, en- 
titled "The Baptist Register." At the annual meeting 
of the Convention in October, the paper was offered to 
that body, and being accepted, arrangements were made 
to enlarge its size and secure a suitable editor who 
should devote his entire time to its publication. Alex- 
ander M. Beebee, Esq., of Skaneateles, was chosen for 
this work, and Mr. Cephas Bennett, afterward mission- 
ary to Burma, was entrusted with its publication. The 
first edition under - its new management was issued 
March 4, 1825, and a circulation of 2,000 was secured 
for the first year. The name selected was " The New 
York Baptist Register." 

The following extract from the first editorial indicates 
its purpose : 

We present our paper as an organ of communication to the 
public for all our religious bodies. Our object will be to make 
' • The Register ' ' a profitable and cheap vehicle of religious intelli- 
gence, embracing also a portion of literary and political information. 

149 



150 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

The subscription price was $2.00 a year. Various 
measures were adopted to increase the circulation of 
the paper to 3,000, the number absolutely needed to 
pay expenses. In 1827 the number had reached 2,900. 
In 1830 it became evident that the paper was not a 
financial success, and that new measures must be 
adopted. The following recommendation was sub- 
mitted by the committee appointed to consider the 
matter : 

We recommend that "The Register" be leased to some suitable 

person or persons, for years, reserving the annual rent of 

said paper to the Convention, and also the control of the editorial 
department. And further, that a' general traveling agent be forth- 
with appointed for the immediate collection of all the outstanding 
debts ; and that after such a collection shall have been made, if a 
balance shall remain against the paper, that then immediate steps 
be taken for the payment of such balance by an appeal to the 
liberality of our brethren. 

The report being adopted, a proposition by Messrs. 
Bennett & Bright — Dolphus Bennett and Edward 
Bright — to publish the paper for five years was ac- 
cepted. Mr. Beebee was retained as editor. Under 
this arrangement, the record states : 

The circulation of "The Register" greatly increased, payments 
were made more promptly, and the paper was made to yield a 
handsome revenue to the Convention, which for a time was re- 
quired to liquidate the debts that had occurred in the establishment 
of the paper, and while its circulation was more limited. It was en- 
larged at the expense of the publishers, an increasing interest was 
felt by all acquainted with it, and its weekly arrival hailed by 
thousands with delight. The influence it continued to exert was 
highly salutary in the promotion of intelligent and united action 
in the great objects of foreign and domestic missions, Bible, edu- 
cation, Sunday-school and temperance work, in the dissemination 



HELPERS IN THE WORK 151 

of revival intelligence, and in circulating the principles of pure 
and undefiled religion. The editor continued to retain and de- 
serve the confidence and support of his brethren, although con- 
flicting questions of great public interest often produced different 
views and action, and awakened the slumbering energies of the 
denomination. This course amidst the most exciting questions 
was approved by the sober and considerate of all parties. None 
but those engaged personally in the responsible work of catering 
for the public taste, and regulating the public mind, can duly ap- 
preciate the feelings, cares, and trials of a conscientious editor. 

In 1836 the number of subscribers had reached 
5,200, and yielded a revenue to the Convention for that 
year of $500. Messrs. Bennett & Bright continued the 
publication of the paper until 1840, when Mr. Bright 
gave up his business to enter the Christian ministry. 
The old firm was succeeded by Bennett, Backus & 
Hawley, who continued to publish the paper until 1847, 
when Mr. Dolphus Bennett assumed sole charge. 

"The Baptist Register" Sold. — At the annual 
meeting of the Convention held in the Strong Place 
Church, Brooklyn, October 13, 14, 1852, the following 
motion was passed : 

Voted to sell "The Baptist Register" to Bro. A. M. Beebee, for 
the sum of $2, 500, and that the Board be instructed to carry this 
vote into effect. 

The following resolution, offered by Dr. B. T. Welch, 
and seconded by Dr. M. B. Anderson, was adopted : 

Resolved, That this Convention highly and gratefully appre- 
ciates the ability with which ' ■ The New York Baptist Register ' ' has 
hitherto been conducted under the editorial charge of our esteemed 
brother, A. M. Beebee, and the devotion to the interests of this 
Convention which has uniformly marked his course. 



152 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Doctor Beebee continued in the editorial management 
of "The Register" until near the time of his death, al- 
though the ownership passed into the hands of his asso- 
ciate, Andrew Tenbrook, d. d. For a brief time " The 
Register" was united with "The New York Recorder," 
and became "The Recorder and Register," which in 
June, 1855, was purchased by Rev. Drs. Edward Bright 
and S. S. Cutting, and became- il The Examiner." 

Alexander M. Beebee, ll. d. — Doctor Beebee was 
born in Newark, N. J., Sept. 29, 1783. He was graduated 
from Columbia College, in 1802, and having been ad- 
mitted to the bar, practised law in New York till 1 807, 
when he removed to Skaneateles, where he followed his 
profession for fifteen years, and became a leading mem- 
ber of the bar of Onondaga County. While living in 
Skaneateles he lost his first child, and his distressed 
heart found no rest until Jesus gave him peace. There 
was no Baptist church at that time in the village, and 
he united with the nearest one (Elbridge) seven miles 
away. As has been said : " He was one of the noblest 
and gentlest of men ; of broad intellect, generous cul- 
ture, childlike faith, and boundless charity, and of such 
loyalty to Christ that he would sacrifice nothing which 
he believed to be right, for the gift of a globe or the 
smiles of all humanity." He died in November, 1856. 
The influence of Doctor Beebee through "The New 
York Baptist Register " upon the denomination was of in- 
calculable value. His personal presence has long been 
absent, but his work abides. 

"The Register" Commended. — The following from 
the annual Convention report, of 1836, expresses the 



HELPERS IN THE WORK 1 53 

estimation in which "The Register" was held. The 
same could be said now of many religious periodicals. 
Their value is not appreciated as their worth deserves. 
The report says : 

This valuable periodical continues to be the property of the 
Convention, and is constantly accomplishing, to a most interesting 
extent, the two-fold services of a missionary and agent As a 
missionary it presents the doctrinal, the prophetical, the experi- 
mental, and the practical truths of our holy religion to its tens of 
thousands, in its weekly visits to the habitations of our brethren 
and fellow-citizens. By it " the violated law speaks forth its 
thunders," and by it "in strains as sweet as angels use, the gospel 
whispers peace." Its efficiency in arousing the dormant energies 
of the saints, provoking them to love and good works, has often 
appeared. Still, it is confidently believed that in this particular 
as well as in its efforts to instruct the ignorant, to confirm the 
wavering, to reclaim the wanderer, and to alarm the thoughtless, 
its success will only be known in "that day for which all other 
days are made." Notwithstanding, from what is known, we are 
fully aware that without undervaluing the living teachers, we may 
safely say that we have no more efficient missionary than this. 
As an agent its worth is truly great. For while it secures no in- 
considerable sum to our treasury from its own revenue, its exhibi- 
tions of the field spread out before the church, and of the claims 
of God and a perishing world upon our prayers and alms, have 
often untied the purse-strings of selfishness and caused the Lord' s 
silver and gold, which has been hoarded up, to be consecrated to 
the advancement of his blessed cause in the world, and to await 
the calls of his servants who are the almoners of the needy. Its 
weekly arrival is hailed with interest by multitudes, and although 
it may not adapt itself to the capriciousness of all, yet we believe 
there is no other religious periodical in our country more com- 
mended in its general course, or more sought after than "The 
Register. ' ' The well-earned reputation of its editor is untarnished. 
Nor should it be forgotten that from the responsibility of his sta- 
tion he has a strong claim upon the prayers of Zion, that he may 



154 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

share largely in the wisdom that is from above, and thus endowed 
be able to fulfill the expectations cherished regarding his labors. 

A Pleasant Incident. — A striking illustration of 
the silent but effective influence of " The Register " is 
contained in one of the reports of the excellent Conven- 
tion missionary, Elder Joseph W. Parker. He says : 

While engaged in the service of the Convention, I called one 
morning at the house of a brother who took ' ' The New York Bap- 
tist Register." The post-boy had just left the paper, and the 
brother's daughter was reading it in the room when I entered. 
After the usual salutation I took my seat and commenced conver- 
sation with the wife of the brother, who had been for several years 
a faithful member of the church. After spending a few moments 
in talking about the kingdom of Christ, I heard a deep sigh from 
the young woman, which turned my attention toward her. She 
soon returned with her cheeks bathed in tears, and handing me a 
quarter of a dollar (all the money she had) with trembling she 
said, • ' Will you send that to Burma ? " I felt anxious to know the 
cause of her grief and requested her to tell me. She, however, 
could not at that time, but taking ' « The Register, ' ' and pointing 
to a letter she turned away to weep. It was a letter, I think, from 
Sister Wade, in which it was stated that some of the female con- 
verts in Burma were much affected and surprised when they were 
told that some unconverted men and women in America had given 
their own money to support missionaries who had gone to preach 
the gospel to the heathen, and that they bowed down and prayed 
earnestly for their salvation. A few months after this she came 
to the church with which her parents were connected, related her 
experience, obtained fellowship of the church, and I baptized 
her. In relating her experience she said that she had frequently 
felt solemn impressions of mind ; but nothing but what she could 
shake off until she read the letter. "But, oh," continued she, 
"to think of the exalted privileges which I have enjoyed in a 
land of Bibles and among the saints of God ; to think how I had 
lived in all my sins while heathen were converted, especially when 




(^~^C~^L /5. 



Page 



HELPERS IN THE WORK 155 

I read that converted heathen were praying for my salvation ; it 
caused the sinfulness of my heart to rise like a thick cloud before 
me, and I felt that it would be more tolerable for Sodom and 
Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for me if I was to perish 
in my iniquities. ' ' The young woman is now a worthy member 
of a church in Susquehanna County, Pa., and I cannot forbear 
saying that this case reminded me of that Scripture, ' ' Cast thy 
bread upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after many days." 

Heroes of Former Days. — Do we value men more 
when they are gone, or were the men of the former 
generations really greater than those who live to-day ? 
This question has been often asked ; whatever the 
answer, it is true that the men of past generations were 
valiant for the truth, and used of God to be leaders of 
his people in a new line of work, where great wisdom, 
energy, consecration, and fearlessness were essential 
qualifications to success. 

Father Bennett. — One of the noblest representa- 
tives of the strong men of the past was Alfred Bennett. 
He was born in Mansfield, Conn., September 26, 1780. 
He belonged to a hardy race, possessed a clear, vigorous 
intellect and a warm, sympathetic heart. In his eigh- 
teenth year he was converted in a powerful revival of 
religion in which the chief characteristic was a deep 
conviction of the sinfulness of sin, combined with a 
clear sense of the holiness of God and the righteous- 
ness of his law. He was baptized in February, 1800, 
into the fellowship of the Hampton Church and in the 
same year moved to Homer, N. Y., when it was but a 
few log huts in a wilderness. While clearing land and 
earning bread for his family he was a close student of 
the word of God ; as a result of his studies, his gift of 



156 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

exhortation so developed that the people urged him to 
take up the work of the ministry. He was ordained as 
pastor of the Homer Church in 1807, in which relation 
he continued until 1832, when he accepted the agency 
of the Board of Foreign Missions. To this cause he 
devoted all his energies with great success until his last 
illness. He died May 10, 185 1, in the possession of 
perfect peace. This is the very briefest outline of his 
life's story. He was one of the pioneer missionaries of 
the Hamilton Missionary Society, and made several tours 
in Tioga, Steuben, and Allegany counties, and to " The 
Holland Purchase." He was a member of the Board 
of the Hamilton Missionary Society, and of the State 
Missionary Convention, serving the latter, in 1849 an d 
1850, as president. He was one of the most inde- 
fatigable and successful workers that ever toiled for 
Christ in the Empire State. A man of great benevo- 
lence, no worthy cause ever appealed to his heart or 
purse in vain. As a preacher he was clear in his state- 
ments, earnest and sympathetic in his manner, and 
evangelical in his message. A holy man in his life, his 
influence was always of a salutary character. He was 
one of the best known men in several counties, and the 
love with which he was regarded was intense. His 
memory is cherished in the affections of all who knew 
him. 

Hon. Friend Humphrey. — This noble layman and 
venerable chairman of the executive committee, who had 
been a member of the Board from 1828, passed to his 
rest March 13, 1854. He was born in Simsbury, Conn., 
March 8, 1787. At the age of nineteen he was con- 



HELPERS IN THE WORK 1 57 

verted and baptized. In 1810 he removed to Albany. 
He was a constituent member of the First Baptist Church, 
afterward of the Pearl Street Church, and was several 
terms mayor of the city and member of the State senate. 
It has been truly said of him : " His liberality was uni- 
versal. No improvement, no enterprise, no mission, no 
charity that commended itself to the wise" was re- 
fused his aid. His contributions to benevolent objects 
amounted to $100,000. He was a noble specimen of a 
man, an eminent philanthropist. The name of Friend 
Humphrey will never be forgotten in Albany. The 
stores of the city were closed during his funeral, and a 
profound stillness showed the love and sorrow of the 
citizens. The officers of the city government, with a 
large concourse of people, followed his body to its last 
resting-place, and tears fell from many eyes. 

Spencer Houghton Cone, d. d. — No list of departed 
worthies is complete without the illustrious name of 
Doctor Cone. He was born in Princeton, N. J., April 
30, 1785, of parents distinguished for their intellectual 
and moral worth. At an early age he gave evidence of 
remarkable mental ability, and entered the Freshman 
class of Princeton College at the age of twelve. On 
account of the serious and protracted illness of his father, 
he left college at the age of fourteen and gave his entire 
energies to the support of the family by teaching, and 
for financial reasons became an actor on the stage. 
This occupation was contrary to his tastes, and in 1 8 1 2 
he entered the office of the " Baltimore American," and 
afterward with his brother purchased and published the 
"Baltimore Whig." In 18 13 he was married to Miss 



158 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Sally Wallace, of Philadelphia, and in November of the 
same year he was converted. He was baptized Febru- 
ary 4, 1 8 14. His talent as a speaker was soon discov- 
ered and with characteristic decision he chose the min- 
istry as his life-work. He served two terms as chaplain 
of Congress, and seven years as pastor at Alexandria, 
Va., eighteen years at Oliver Street Church, New York, 
and afterward at the First Church until his death. He 
was a preacher of remarkable ability, and for many years 
was said to be the most active Baptist minister in the 
United States, and the most popular clergyman in 
America. Early in his pastorate in New York he en- 
tered heartily into the plans and work of the State Mis- 
sionary Convention. He frequently served as preacher 
or moderator at the annual meetings, and was a member 
of the Board from 1825 until his death, August 28, 
1855. The following testimonial justly sums up his 
life : 

He was known and venerated everywhere all over this broad 
land. In his own denomination he held every position of honor 
which his brethren could give him, and outside men loved to 
recognize his worth. He had quick perceptions, a ready address, 
silvery voice, impassioned eloquence, and deep toned piety ; 
throngs attended his church and multitudes lamented his death. 

William Colgate. — The annual report of 1857 re- 
cords the death of three members of the Board, Alex- 
ander M. Beebee, ll. d., Deacon William Colgate, of 
New York, and Rev. Lewis Leonard, of Cazenovia. 
William Colgate, so well and widely known in connec- 
tion with the various benevolent organizations of his 
time, was a member of the Board of the Conven- 
tion from 1824 until his death, March 25, 1857, 



HELPERS IN THE WORK 1 59 

and was a generous contributor to its funds. In finan- 
cial circles he was distinguished for his great business 
sagacity, by which he was able to rise from comparative 
poverty to a position of wealth and large commercial 
influence ; and in every walk for his piety, integrity, 
zeal, and wisdom in the affairs of the church of which 
he was a member, and in the benevolent work of the 
denomination. His name will be perpetuated and his 
influence enduring. He was the father of James B. 
Colgate, of Yonkers, who has been a liberal supporter 
of education and of church and missionary endeavor. 

Lewis Leonard, d. d. — Doctor Leonard was born in 
Bridgewater, Mass., October 4, 1785. He was a de- 
scendant of one of the oldest families of that town and 
the son of pious parents. On June 24, 1806, after a 
season of deep concern, and for many days entertaining 
the conviction that he was eternally lost, past all recov- 
ery and beyond the reach of mercy, he began ardently 
to warn others lest they follow him to the regions of 
despair, and resolved to do all in his power to persuade 
them to escape his direful fate. In his own language 
he tells how he found peace : 

While I was engaged in warning a very wicked, profane man, 
one of our neighbors, it pleased God, as I trust, to shed abroad 
his love in my overflowing but seemingly vacant heart, and that 
faith which worketh by love, came or was already present to em- 
brace the Lord Jesus, to appropriate his merits, to inspire hope, 
and to fill my soul with that joy and peace which all the proffers 
of this world cannot give nor its frowns and sorrows take away. 

Doctor Leonard was baptized July 6, 1 806, in the Bap- 
tist church of Middleborough, Mass. He soon began 



l6o NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

to prepare for the ministry, and enjoyed the instruction 
of Doctor Baldwin, of Boston, while supplying a church 
in that city. He gathered a church at Plymouth, the 
landing-place of the Pilgrims, which was recognized 
July 1 2, 1 809. On the same day he received ordination 
and continued with much acceptance and success to 
minister to that people until 18 10. In 18 12 he became 
pastor at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he labored nine 
years, and was pastor six years at Albany. In 1827 he 
accepted a call from the church in Cazenovia Village. 
In all of these pastorates he was loved and highly re- 
spected, while the churches he served enjoyed great 
prosperity. In 1835 ne entered the service of the 
State Missionary Convention as general agent. He con- 
tinued in this work ten years with great efficiency and 
much acceptance to the churches. In 1851-1852 he 
served as president of the Convention. He was in- 
timately associated with Alfred Bennett, John Peck, 
Thomas Purinton, Nathaniel Kendrick, and others, in 
the great religious enterprises of his day. He fell 
asleep November 26, 1856. 

Rev. Calvin Green Carpenter. — One of the men 
who, on account of his relation to the Missionary Con- 
vention, deserves more than a passing notice, was Rev. 
Calvin Green Carpenter, who was born in Fairfield, 
Herkimer County, N. Y., December 22, 1800. At 
the age of eighteen he was converted and united with 
the Baptist church at Whitesborough, N. Y., of which 
Rev. Elon Galusha was then pastor. Mr. Galusha took a 
great interest in this young man and encouraged him in 
his preparation for the gospel ministry. He was edu- 




C. G CARPENTER. 



Page 160 



HELPERS IN THE WORK l6l 

cated at the Fairfield Academy and Hamilton Theologi- 
cal Seminary. His first pastorate was in Fairfield, 
where he was ordained February 28, 1821. He en- 
tered the service of the Missionary Convention in 1824, 
and was associated with Rev. Messrs. Galusha, Willey, 
and Lathrop, in establishing the " New York Baptist 
Register," and acted as agent for that paper. During 
the years in which he served the Convention as local and 
itinerant missionary, he preached in the churches at Sal- 
isbury, Norway, Whitesborough, and Little Falls. In the 
last-named place he organized the Baptist church in 1827, 
and became its settled pastor in 1831, and attended the 
jubilee celebration of its organization on the fiftieth 
anniversary in 1877. During his pastorate the church 
largely increased in membership, and a good and sub- 
stantial house was built. He served the Convention as 
corresponding secretary from 1827 to 1835, and during 
the latter part of this period he acted as financial agent. 
In April, 1835, ne became pastor at Ithaca, N. Y., 
where his labors were attended with the divine bless- 
ing. He also served the churches at Utica, Romulus, 
Phelps, Geneva, and Elbridge. He served the Conven- 
tion as president in 1845 an d 1846, and was again ap- 
pointed general agent in 1849, which position he filled 
with great acceptance for nearly five years. He never 
lost his interest in the work of the Convention, and at 
an advanced age always expressed a desire to attend the 
meetings. Mr. Carpenter was twice married, — first to 
Laura Harkins in 1825, who died in 1834. His second 
wife was Nancy Munro, of Elbridge, who died in 1877. 
He possessed a vigorous intellect, great power of en- 
durance, and a fine presence, was well versed in all the 

L 



1 62 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

questions of the day, and lived in advance of his gen- 
eration. He entertained a veneration for God which 
was manifested in every department of his life. Al- 
though quick at repartee and fond of a good joke, no 
one ever heard a flippant remark from him in regard to 
the religion he professed, or the God in whom he be- 
lieved. The last twenty years of his life was spent at 
his home in Phelps, where he quietly fell asleep Janu- 
ary 19, 1893, in the ninety-third year of his age. 



CHAPTER XV 

THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 

EXISTING Conditions. — As our review nears the 
completion of a half-century of the history of the 
State Missionary Convention, it is fitting that we take 
some account of the conditions existing in the State, 
and their relations to the work to which this organiza- 
tion was pledged. The population of the State had in- 
creased from about 800,000 in 1807 to 3,500,000 in 
1857. One of the important factors that had entered 
largely into the development of the country during this 
period was the construction of railroads, which largely 
promoted the industries of the State, and planted new 
cities and villages, or built up those already existing. 
The first railroad in the State, and the second in the 
United States, was opened from Albany to Schenectady 
in 183 1. This was followed by many other projects for 
railroad construction, many of which never materialized. 
However, in 1858, thirty-seven railroads were in suc- 
cessful operation in the State, aggregating 2,520 miles in 
length. The building and operating of these new lines of 
traffic was the occasion for drawing the people to the 
towns and villages located along these lines. To supply 
these growing towns and villages with gospel privileges, 
and to build up suitable churches to meet their spiritual 
wants, called for increased missionary enterprise. The 
State Missionary Convention lent its helping hand to the 
small and struggling churches in these new industrial 

163 



164 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

centers at a time when such work was greatly needed 
and was productive of lasting good. The building of 
the Erie Railroad (1835-185 1) was, perhaps, one of the 
most important factors in developing the part of the 
State through which it passes, bringing up many small 
villages into thriving cities. An examination of the 
statistical tables in the Appendix will show that nearly 
all the churches located along the lines of this railroad, 
between and including Dunkirk and Port Jervis, were at 
one time or another fostered by the Missionary Con- 
vention. What was done in this part of the State may 
be taken as a sample of the work in many other places 
where it was equally needed. 

Change in Executive Officers. — The work of the 
Convention from 1850 to 1856 was seriously embar- 
rassed by too frequent changes in its officials. The 
resignation of Jirah D. Cole, d. d., who had proved 
an efficient corresponding secretary, was followed by 
constant changes in that office. Good men were chosen, 
but men whose duties as pastors so absorbed their time 
that it was practically impossible to devote that energy 
and attention to the work necessary to ensure success. 
During these years the office was filled by Rev. Messrs. 
C. P. Sheldon, Henry Stanwood, Luther F. Beecher, 
M. G. Hodge, C. W. Hewes, and William Arthur — father 
of Chester A. Arthur, president of the United States. 

New Requirements. — In October, 1856, Rev. John 
Smitzer was elected to the secretaryship. His election 
followed a long and earnest discussion, and the adoption 
of the following minute : 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 1 65 

Resolved, That we elect a secretary who shall devote his whole 
time and energies to the Convention, under the direction of the 
Executive Committee. 

During the frequent changing of secretaries the in- 
come had not been materially reduced, since collecting 
agents had been kept in the field, but there had of neces- 
sity been a lack of that careful supervision in the work 
so essential to success, and too little attention had been 
given to evangelizing agencies. Appropriations were 
sometimes made to churches without properly weighing 
all of the considerations pertaining to the needs of the 
fields, the character of the work done, or the qualifica- 
tions of the men to whom the work was entrusted. 
Mistakes along this line are always inevitable, since 
infinite wisdom abides not in human minds. These 
mistakes are fewer than many suppose, yet watchful- 
ness, wisdom, and prudence are always requisite in the 
administration of missionary organizations. Rev. John 
Smitzer had served the Convention as secretary from 
1835 to 1842, while acting as pastor. The character of 
his work during that period was such as to inspire con- 
fidence in his ability to fill the office of corresponding 
secretary successfully. 

Character of his Work. — The improvement mani- 
fested in the annual report submitted to the Board in 
1857, was so apparent that Mr. Smitzer was re-elected 
as secretary and filled the position for twelve years. 
Since his work has by some been severely criticized, 
justice demands a fair statement of the facts and a dis- 
passionate judgment concerning it. . Now that a gener- 
ation has passed since his day, and most of those who 



1 66 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

were active participants in the affairs of the Convention 
are gone, we are able to estimate more accurately the 
value of his work. Mr. Smitzer came into office when 
the work was at its lowest ebb. Seven years of con- 
stant change in the administration of affairs had pro- 
duced conditions that could not be remedied at once. 
It is to his credit that order and system were brought 
into the work. The annual reports issued under his 
supervision had never been excelled in completeness, 
editorial ability, or neatness of workmanship. The be- 
ginning of his administration was followed by the great 
financial depression of 1857-58, when business was 
paralyzed and money extremely scarce. That there 
was a sudden falling off in receipts is not singular. 
Then too, he was collecting agent as well as corre- 
sponding secretary. A double work was imposed upon 
him. In previous years able men had been employed 
all, or part of the time, to do this work ; now a great 
responsibility was laid upon one willing, patient heart 
who, without complaint, on an annual salary of $800.00, 
carried this load through twelve long years. Well and 
faithfully was the work done by him, while the heavy 
burden began to appear in whitened locks, and the loss 
of the physical vigor which had marked his early man- 
hood. He rests from his earthly labors and has en- 
tered upon his reward. 

His Record. — John Smitzer was born in New York 
City, September 6, 1799, and was baptized into the 
Bethel Baptist Church, December 11, 1813. After 
graduation from the Baptist Theological Seminary, then 
located in New York City, he was ordained as pastor of 




JOHN SMITZER. 



Page 166. 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 167 

the Baptist church of Bethany and Damascus, Wayne 
County, Pa. He was the only Baptist pastor in that 
section of the State, and his field of labor embraced a 
district thirty-eight miles east and west, and sixteen 
miles north and south. He occupied this field for five 
years, during which time he baptized 158. During his 
seven years pastorate at Delphi, N. Y., he baptized 173. 
In 1833 he removed to Eaton, N. Y., where he gathered 
100 into the church. His other pastorates were El- 
bridge, Fayetteville, Albion, Chittenango, Manlius, and 
Springville, in all of which places his labors were at- 
tended with marked success, resulting in large additions. 
He baptized between 800 and 1,000 persons during his 
ministry, and there were many more who were converted 
under his preaching and baptized by others. Twenty- 
one years of service were given, part or all of the time, 
to the work of the State Missionary Convention as 
secretary, and for two years he filled the office of presi- 
dent. He was an active member of the Board from 
1827 until compelled by infirmity to relinquish all ac- 
tive duties in 1868. His end came peacefully Septem- 
ber 7, 1875. ^ can w i tn truthfulness be said that he 
was greatly beloved and highly honored by those who 
knew him longest and best. His wife, a woman of re- 
markable mental and spiritual qualities, was Mary, 
daughter of Deacon Daniel Hatch, of Eaton, N. Y., of 
whom mention has been made in previous chapters. 
She lived to the age of ninety-seven, and until a short 
time before her death, in January, 1899, retained all 
her faculties to a remarkable degree. Visiting with her 
in October, 1898, the writer received much valuable in- 
formation and many interesting facts concerning the 



1 68 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

men who were most active in the early operations of 
the Hamilton Society and the State Missionary Con- 
vention. 

Taking Reckoning. — The fiftieth anniversary of the 
Convention was held with the Bleeker Street Baptist 
Church, Utica, October 14, 15, 1857. A committee 
had been appointed the previous year, consisting of Rev. 
Messrs. Lewis Leonard, Calvin G. Carpenter, Whitman 
Metcalf, and John Smitzer, to prepare a history of the 
Convention for this occasion ; but the death of the 
chairman, Doctor Leonard, had prevented the com- 
mittee from accomplishing its task. Mr. Carpenter, 
however, gave a historic address, covering the first 
twenty years, which for some reason failed of publica- 
tion, and is lost to us. No period in the history of the 
State or nation had witnessed so many wonderful 
changes both in the civil and religious world, and es- 
pecially in the Baptist denomination. We have no ex- 
act data from which to estimate the Baptist church- 
membership at the time of the formation of the Lake 
Missionary Society in 1807. In 1792 there were in the 
State sixty-two churches and 3,987 members, located 
principally in the valley of the Hudson River. In 
1812 there were 239 churches and 18,499 members; 
in 1857 there were 813 churches and 83,986 members, 
a very remarkable increase, certainly. This does not, 
however, indicate the real growth. Large numbers had 
moved on to the Western States, especially in the last 
decade, from 1847 t0 l8 57. Nor did the mere growth 
of numbers indicate the real growth of the denomina- 
tional strength. Educational institutions, missionary 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 1 69 

societies, home and foreign, Bible and publication so- 
cieties, and every modern enterprise of a benevolent 
character, must be taken into account. In 1807 the 
majority of the churches west of the Hudson had 
no suitable houses of worship. In 1857 few were 
without them. The facilities for spreading the gospel 
had more than kept pace with the religious develop- 
ments of the age. The printing press was multiplying 
copies of the Scriptures and all kinds of religious lit- 
erature, and cheap postage with fast mail service was 
carrying this literature to every part of the land. It is 
impossible for the average man of the present day to 
realize the meaning of all the mighty transformations 
accomplished in the first half of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, even though the last half has far exceeded it in 
the rate of progress. With regret we are obliged to 
admit in all candor that the zeal of the followers of 
Christ has not paralleled the progressive activity of the 
world. 

The Great Revival of 1857 and 1858. — The winter 
of 1857-1858 was noted for a most remarkable revival of 
religion. This work of grace was characterized by a 
quiet, deep, earnest spirit of prayer, with little evangel- 
istic effort. The movement in this country began with 
one man, J. C. Lonphere, who started a daily noonday 
prayer meeting for business men in the Fulton Street 
Dutch Reformed Church, New York City, September, 
1857. It is a remarkable fact that this prayer meeting 
has continued to this day with most blessed results, and 
that Mr. Lamphere continued the superintendence until 
his death, in 1897. While the first noticeable manifes- 



1 70 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

tation of this revival spirit grew out of this prayer 
meeting, the work in general was wrought by the direct 
agency of the Holy Spirit. Christians suddenly, with- 
out any apparent cause, found their hearts strangely 
and intensely moved to pray for themselves, the church, 
and the unsaved. Nor were their prayers unavailing. 
Many unconverted persons suddenly, and without any 
external cause, were struck under conviction for sin and 
led to Christ. Meetings for prayer multiplied all over 
the land, and so far as human agency was concerned 
these meetings were the chief means used of God for 
carrying on the work. Of course sermons were preached 
with greater unction and personal appeals made, but 
above all, prayer was the distinguishing instrumentality 
in this great work. The additions to Baptist churches 
in the State did not equal the number received in 1843, 
but the work as a whole was more enduring and the re- 
action less noticeable. The whole number added by 
baptism to the churches in the State was 10,193. 

The Fiftieth Annual Report. — The missionaries 
of the Convention numbered but twenty-seven, who re- 
ported 102 stations occupied, 3,344 sermons preached, 
2,160 prayer meetings, 9,064 visits, and 506 baptized. 
Financially, the Convention was greatly depressed. The 
treasury had been overdrawn at the beginning of the 
year to the amount of $1,700, and the entire receipts 
were only $5,936.34. Considering the low state of the 
finances and the few missionaries engaged, the results 
were all that could have been expected. The Conven- 
tion year, 1 858-1 859, was begun with an exhausted 
treasury and unpaid debts of about $2,000. 



THE FIFTIETH MILE -STONE 171 

Policy of Expansion. — Instead of retrenchment the 
policy of expansion was adopted, that proved to be re- 
markably successful. Forty-six missionaries were em- 
ployed, who reported to the annual meeting in 1859, 
4,856 sermons, 3,051 prayer meetings, 10,361 visits, and 
423 baptisms, with an income of $9,442. 10, and no 
debt. Retrenchment in times of financial stringency 
is not always the best policy. " Expect great things 
from God, and undertake great things for God," is as 
good a motto for State as for foreign missions. 

Uncle John Vassar. — In the list of missionaries for 
six years beginning with 1858, we find the name of 
John E. Vassar, whose labors as a general missionary 
were greatly blessed. He was familiarly known as 
" Uncle John." The story of his life was well told by 
his nephew, Rev. T. E. Vassar, in a very interesting 
book published by the American Tract Society. He 
was a layman of rare tact as a soul winner, thoroughly 
consecrated and untiring in his zeal for the Master's 
work. The value of his labors is inestimable. He 
never sought the ministerial office, called himself only 
"a shepherd's dog," but many an under-shepherd could 
have learned valuable lessons from him, and might envy 
his success in winning souls to Christ. He resigned 
his position under the State Convention to accept an 
appointment from the American Tract Society to labor 
among the soldiers in the army during the Civil War. 

A Decade of Decline. — The history of the Con- 
vention from 1859 to 1869 shows a gradual decline in 
interest. The work done was by no means in vain. 



172 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

But the feeling began to prevail to a greater or less ex- 
tent that the organization, somewhat like its secretary, 
was growing old, becoming enfeebled, and had outlived 
its usefulness. Expressions to this effect made by 
younger men of influence in the ministry, openly and 
with great frequency, began to show their natural fruit- 
age in diminished attendance at the annual meetings 
and in largely diminished contributions. It is easy to 
talk up or talk down a cause. Words cost their author 
only a breath, but they are weighty things, and pro- 
duce results for good or ill, far beyond the expecta- 
tions of the one who gives them utterance. There was 
a result from this state of affairs that few at that day 
realized, but a result that was as inevitable as that sun- 
set should be followed by night, — a great loss of strength 
in the denomination at large in the State. A careful 
examination of the statistics shows beyond a doubt that 
the progress and growth of the churches have been in 
proportion to their interest in the missionary work of 
the State as exhibited in the reports of the State Mis- 
sionary Convention. 

Facts for Thoughtful Consideration. — The pe- 
riod from 1824 to 1843 mav be termed the "golden 
age " of the Convention. The growth of the denomi- 
nation during that period was correspondingly large. 
In 1824 there were in the State about 39,200 members. 
The exact figures are not obtainable. In 1843 the 
membership was 97,609, an increase of 58,409; and in 
1864, 89,077, a decrease of 8,532 in twenty-one years. 
It is not a sufficient answer to say that this diminution 
can be accounted for by the large migration to the 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 1 73 

Western States, or by the losses sustained in the Civil 
War, while during the same years our own denomination 
largely increased in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
and all other evangelical denominations in this State 
had been blessed with an increase in membership. Be- 
sides this, the population had maintained a steady aug- 
mentation. There is a lesson here which may well be 
heeded. The record of these years contains little of 
inspiration. There were those who stood by the cause 
most heroically and saved the Convention from dissolu- 
tion. The venerable Secretary Smitzer struggled on 
amid all discouragements with unwavering faith and 
dauntless courage. Lest there be any misinterpreta- 
tion of these statements it ought to be said that there 
never was a time, however dark, in the history of the 
Missionary Convention, when its right to existence was 
not fully vindicated by the character of its work or the 
economy or efficiency of its administration. This 
affirmation deserves to be written large. The results of 
the work done in those days of trial, as they now ap- 
pear in the light of subsequent history, far exceed in 
value the most sanguine expectation of the workers. 
Many churches on the list of beneficiaries that were then 
struggling with serious difficulties, and sometimes taxed 
the patience of the Board by their repeated appeals for 
help, are now among the strongest in the State. It is 
evident that the money expended in rendering this 
needed assistance could not have been more wisely used, 
or placed where it could have secured larger returns. 

Rev. D. F. Leach Appointed General Superin- 
tendent. — An effort was made in 1 864 to bring about 



174 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

an auxiliary relation to the Home Mission Society, and 
a resolution to that effect was unanimously passed ; but 
the latter body declined the offer, and no alternative 
was left for the Convention but to go on trusting in 
God for brighter days yet to come. In 1865 the Board 
appointed Rev. D. F. Leach, who had for many years 
performed most effective service as a local and district 
missionary, as a general superintendent of missions, 
which position he filled with untiring zeal for three years. 
The work performed by this devoted servant of God has 
since borne fruit not fully appreciated at the time. He 
canvassed the whole State, ascertained by personal ob- 
servation where work was most needed, and proved to 
all who cared to know the facts, that the State of New 
York was at once a most needy and most hopeful field 
for missionary effort. Some account of this man of God, 
who was well known to the writer as a personal friend, 
and to whom he is largely indebted for his own interest 
in State missions, may be in place here. 

Rev. Daniel F. Leach was born in Corbettsville, N. 
Y., June 27, 18 17. At the age of fifteen he was con- 
verted and soon felt called to the ministry ; he also had 
a strong desire to become a foreign missionary. In 
1838 we find him in the Hamilton Literary and Theo- 
logical Institution. In May, 1840, he began preaching 
in Bethany, Damascus, and Jackson Summit, Pa. Re- 
vivals soon broke out under his labors, and he became, 
without any preconceived purpose, by force of circum- 
stances, an itinerant evangelist along the Lackawaxen 
and Delaware Rivers. Long walks, often on mere foot- 
paths, and sometimes with no path, became necessary. 
He was ordained at Ten Mile River, N. Y., September 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 1 75 

10, 1840. About this time he became a missionary of 
the State Missionary Convention and continued on his 
field, with Ten Mile River as his headquarters, for four 
years. Following this he was pastor at Port Jervis for 
five years. The same zeal was manifested and the 
same revival spirit accompanied his labors. In Har- 
pursville five more years were spent in pastoral labor, 
interspersed with revival efforts in the surrounding 
country. In the autumn of 1855 he became general 
missionary, chiefly in Delaware County, engaging in 
evangelistic work among the small churches through a 
large district. During the first two months of 1857 his 
report shows fifty-three sermons preached and 400 miles 
traveled, mostly on foot. For several years he con- 
tinued this general work with marked success, but 
always where the need was greatest and circumstances 
indicated a providential call, no matter how difficult the 
field nor how great the personal sacrifice. In 1866 we 
find him traversing the State as superintendent of mis- 
sions from Dunkirk and Niagara Falls on the west to 
Hoosick Falls on the east, and from New York City to 
Clayton on the St. Lawrence River. As a result of his 
explorations he published in the " Examiner and Chron- 
icle " a report on the moral destitution of some localities 
that was appalling and to some distasteful. It is true 
that his report was not "rose-colored." He had a 
habit of describing things as he saw them, and no man 
knew better the situation just as it existed. Ministers 
well settled in comfortable pastorates, only seeing their 
immediate surroundings, could not believe that the 
State of New York could be, to the Christians in it, 
one of the most important mission fields in the world. 



176 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

No one has ever asserted that it was the most destitute, 
but located at our own doors it has a claim upon our 
attention that is primal, and no man is fit for work 
abroad who has no heart to do the same work at home. 
Whether right or wrong, Mr. Leach believed with all 
his heart the facts as he saw them, and gave himself 
without reserve to the remedy. Never physically strong, 
years of incessant labor told on his strength to such 
a degree that a long and painful illness succeeded 
in 1869 and 1870. For many months he was on the 
verge of the grave. As a last hope of recovery he 
was taken to Virginia in the summer of 1870. There 
he soon rallied, and returning to New York in 1871 
supplied two churches while still crippled with rheuma- 
tism. He returned to Virginia in the autumn, and for 
nearly ten years engaged as a missionary of the Home 
Mission Society among the colored people. During 
this time he reported 1,193 sermons, 1,089 baptisms, 
and five churches organized, besides a vast amount of 
work in training candidates for the ministry. In 1883 
we find him again in his native State as pastor of the 
Newark Valley Church, which he had organized twenty- 
five years before. He remained with them until April, 
1888, when he returned to his Southern home, where he 
died very suddenly September 10, 1889, on the forty- 
ninth anniversary of his ordination. Few men in the 
State ever gave a half-century of more self-sacrificing, 
disinterested service to the cause of Christ than did the 
dear brother whose life-work is here so briefly and im- 
perfectly sketched. The half has not been told of his 
efficiency and consecration, even in outline. A multi- 
tude of souls won to Christ was waiting to welcome 



THE FIFTIETH MILE-STONE 1 77 

him on the other shore, and throngs will be welcomed by 
him, whom he had led to the Saviour's feet. 

Secretary Smitzer Retires. — In 1867 it became 
evident to his best friends, and to himself as well, that 
the time had come when Mr. Smitzer could no longer 
fill the office of secretary with credit to himself or 
profit to the cause. Indeed, this had been apparent for 
some time, but there was no available man who was 
better qualified to take his place. At the annual meet- 
ing at Poughkeepsie, in October of that year, D. G. 
Corey, d. d., was elected corresponding secretary. He 
neither accepted nor declined the office, but took time 
to consider the question. Pending this decision Mr. 
Smitzer was requested by vote of the body to act until 
the office should be permanently filled. This request 
was complied with, and he continued about ten months 
when he was succeeded by Rev. James French. 

Pastors' Conference Organized. — The meeting at 
Poughkeepsie was signalized by the formation of the 
State Pastors' Conference, according to a resolution 
adopted at Troy in 1866. This organization has been 
of great value to the Convention as well as to the min- 
istry, for whose benefit it was especially intended. It 
has greatly increased the interest of our annual gather- 
ings, and brought together the very best talent the State 
affords. Its meetings occurring on the first day of the 
annual State gatherings, and in the same church, naturally 
enhance the interest of the Convention meetings. For 
the conception of this organization as well as many im- 
portant changes in the methods of work of the Conven- 

M 



178 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

tion, and the subjects to be considered at the annual 
meetings, we are indebted to a report of a committee 
of which Dr. S. S. Cutting was chairman, made at the 
annual meeting at Troy, in 1866. These changes, in- 
troducing the cause of education and of the Sunday- 
school into our annual gatherings, have become the es- 
tablished order, and have been promotive of harmony, 
dignity, suggestiveness, and enthusiasm. The success- 
ful organization of the Pastors' Conference was due in 
large measure to Lyman Wright, d. d., then pastor at 
Newburgh, a man whose excellent spirit, persuasive voice, 
and good sense, made him a- power in the churches he 
served and in the denomination at large. 



CHAPTER XVI 

CO-OPERATION WITH THE HOME MISSION SOCIETY 

INITIAL Steps. — We have now arrived at an im- 
portant crisis in this history. Probably no one who 
left the meeting at Poughkeepsie, October 10, 1867, 
had the faintest conception of the radical change that 
was to occur during the coming year. The resolution 
adopted in 1864 to become an auxiliary of the Home 
Mission Society had met with such poor success that 
any further efforts in that direction had been abandoned 
as useless. But another element had been quietly but 
effectually working in the Board of that Society, which 
may be traced directly to the influence of J. S. Backus, 
d. d., its secretary from 1862 to 1874. He most thor- 
oughly believed that the several State organizations 
should hold a similar relation to the general society that 
the Associations do to the State Missionary Convention. 
As the first step in this direction with special reference 
to new States, the following resolution had been adopted 
by the Board of the Home Mission Society in 1863. 

Resolved, That we do hereby invite all State Conventions and 
other organizations for home mission purposes to co-operate with 
the Society by assisting in the collection of funds for the treasury, 
pointing out the most desirable fields for us to cultivate, and direct- 
ing our attention to the men they deem most suitable for mission- 
ary work. In return we will, according to our best discretion and 
to the extent of our ability, appoint such men to occupy such 
fields, and when desired will cause to be sent to such organizations 

179 



l8o NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

duplicate copies of all our reports from our missionaries in their 
States or supported by their funds, designated according to Article 
VII. of the Constitution of this Society. 

This action was taken in response to a communica- 
tion from the General Association of Illinois, proposing 
co-operation between that body and the Society in the 
mission work of that State. In 1865 the Home Mis- 
sion Society adopted a resolution inviting all Conventions 
to report their needs and statistics to the society, and to 
send delegates to sit in the future sessions of the body. 
Not until 1868 was it apparent that this desire for co- 
operation was really intended to include the older States 
like New York, but evidently this was the purpose of 
Doctor Backus, who gave the plan his endorsement. 
Consequently such relation was easily effected between 
the Boards of the Convention and Home Mission Soci- 
ety at the meeting of the former Board, April 8, 1868. 

The plan adopted is published in the annual report of 
that year, and is as follows : 

The Board of the State Convention selects a superintending and 
soliciting missionary for the State. He receives his appointment 
from the Home Mission Society and collects for their treasury. 
He attends the regular meetings of the Convention Board, and 
counsels with them in regard to appointments and fields of labor. 
The Convention Board designates the fields to be occupied in the 
State, the missionaries to be employed, what portion of their 
salaries should be collected on their fields, and how much should 
be provided from the general fund. The Home Mission Society 
appoints and appropriates, in accordance with the expressed wish 
of the Convention Board, as far as they are able. The mission- 
aries thus appointed make duplicate reports, one for each Board. 
This committee of conference also recommended the appointment 
of the late district secretary of the Home Mission Society, west of 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY l8l 

the Mississippi River, Rev. James French, as secretary of this Con- 
vention and superintendent of missions in this State, as the plan 
proposed. This recommendation was adopted, and took effect at 
the fourth quarterly meeting of the Board, July 14. 

The newly appointed secretary was unable to enter 
upon his duties until some time in August. Conse- 
quently the work for that year was small, the entire 
income being only $2,268.11, with an indebtedness at 
the time of the annual meeting of about $2,000. This 
was, however, soon canceled, and the new order of 
things was entered upon with hope and courage. 

Was it Wise ? — Concerning the wisdom of this plan 
we need say but little. There is no doubt but that it was 
effective in this particular — it almost eliminated the au- 
thority of the Convention over its own work. It is 
true that the Convention Board had the nominating 
power, but all funds were credited to the Home Mission 
Society, and all missionaries were commissioned by that 
body. The plan was nearer an absorption than a co- 
operation. At that time, however, it was apparently 
the only thing to do, and good results followed. At the 
first annual meeting under this system held in Syracuse, 
October 14, 1868, the following resolution introduced 
by Dr. A. S. Patton was adopted : 

Resolved, That the Board of this Convention be instructed to 
district the State, and at as early a day as possible engage the 
services of eight or more brethren adapted to the work of resus- 
citating our feeble churches and aiding in the evangelizing of the 
State of New York. 

District Missionaries Appointed. — In pursuance 
of these instructions the Board, early in the year 1869, 



1 82 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

appointed the following brethren as district missionaries : 
Charles A. Fox, E. F. Crane, I. W. Emery, George 
Fisher, J. B. Smith, W. Hildreth, and C. W. Brooks. 
Of these, only Brethren Fox, Fisher, and Brooks did 
any general work on the fields assigned them, and only 
the last two continued in the work for any consider- 
able length of time. The plan, however, was a good 
one, and in former years had proved an effective agency 
in evangelizing destitute fields and assisting the de- 
pendent churches. That it was not more effective was 
not the fault of the plan, but because the plan was not 
effectively worked. The effort was made at first to 
economize, by locating these missionaries with some 
church, and thus securing a portion of their salary, or 
failing in that by confining their labors to a particular 
Association pledged to pay the larger part of their 
salary. Neither of these plans met the ideas of the 
missionaries themselves as to the purpose of the work 
to be done. The new secretary was not fully acquainted 
with the wants and character of the field when he un- 
dertook the directing of the work ; and while there was 
no friction or unpleasantness of any sort between him 
and the district missionaries, the most of them were 
soon located with churches, and in a short time but 
one of them undertook any work of a general character. 
After a little more than a year his time was largely oc- 
cupied with a single church. 

Advantage of Co-operation. — The secretary, Rev. 
James French, having lost his health, was succeeded in 
1 87 1 by Rev. M. G. Clarke, who continued in that re- 
lation until the plan of co-operation was abandoned in 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 1 83 

1874. There were two points of decided advantage 
gained during this period of co-operation. (1) A great 
gain to the Home Mission Society. The motto, " North 
America for Christ," was kept well to the front, and 
made the rallying cry all along the lines. Every plea 
for the work of the Convention was at the same time a 
plea for the general work of the Home Mission Society, 
and usually the latter was in the foreground. There 
was no intention of belittling the State work, much less 
of ignoring it, but the secretary and district mission- 
aries were always recognized as representatives of the 
larger body. Home mission literature was circulated, 
and home mission themes were discussed. By this 
means the income of the Society was largely increased, 
not only for the time being, but the people were edu- 
cated concerning its work and wants. The effect of 
this was felt long after the plan of co-operation had 
ceased. In one case, as an illustration, the writer se- 
cured an annual pledge of $100 for the Freedmen's de- 
partment which was paid regularly for many years there- 
after. (2) While the advantage to the Convention was 
not so apparent, yet it bridged a chasm between the old 
and new order of things. New methods of conducting 
the annual meetings were adopted, which were a great 
improvement ; new interests were introduced. The in- 
terests of education and of the Sunday-school received 
their full share of attention, and were accorded a reg- 
ular place on the programme. 

A Better Organization. — A very desirable change 
in the plan of the organization was now adopted. From 
1825 to 1868, at each meeting a moderator and two 



184 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

clerks were elected. The president only presided over 
the meetings of the Board, and not over the annual 
meetings of the Convention. This anomalous custom 
was dispensed with, and the president became the pre- 
siding officer on all occasions. The recording secre- 
tary kept the records of the annual meetings as well as 
those of the Board, calling to his aid such assistance as 
he might need. This latter office was ably filled for 
twenty years, from 1874 to 1894, by Deacon Samuel T. 
Hillman, of New York. The chief advantage, how- 
ever, was seen in the new elements that had been intro- 
duced into the working force of the Convention. Old 
prejudices were dead or forgotten, and when the Con- 
vention was obliged to begin again on an independent 
basis, a clear field and an open door were before the 
workers. 

The State Work Overshadowed. — Few items of 
interest demand record for the five years of co-opera- 
tion. There were great questions before the Home 
Mission Society, of changes in administration, that ob- 
scured for the time State missionary interests. The 
State work moved on with little to mar it and little to 
excite special attention. Not for many years had there 
been in the State of New York greater harmony, sympa- 
thy, and co-operation among Baptists than existed during 
this period. While there were no very large ingath- 
erings as the result of missionary labor, many churches 
became self-supporting that for many years had been 
beneficiaries. On the whole there was much to com- 
mend, much cause for gratitude, and little occasion for 
adverse criticism. 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 1 85 

Interesting Incidents. — At the annual meeting held 
at Ithaca, October 11, 12, 1871, the following letter 
from Rev. D. L. Brayton, the veteran and highly es- 
teemed missionary for more than forty years in Burma, 
was received : 

Beloved Brethren : I have been indulging the hope that I 
should be able to meet with you on this interesting occasion, but 
as circumstances forbid my enjoying that pleasure I cannot refrain 
from sending you a line to express my gratitude for what I owe to 
the New York Baptist State Convention. Some forty-three years 
ago I was an apprentice at the shoemaking business at Lansing- 
burgh, N. Y. Being alone one day in the front shop, and on 
arising to take something from the counter, glancing my eye over 
the ' ' New York Baptist Register, ' ' I saw « ' The Report of the State 
Convention." Commenced reading, and my interest increased 
as it detailed the condition of our country and the world. After 
stating the necessity for more laborers to enter the field, the ques- 
tion was asked, ' ' Who will go ? ' ' I seemed to hear a voice as dis- 
tinct as though spoken by man, " You must be one. " My heart 
said, "Amen ; here am I, send me." From that hour I resolved to 
devote my life to the work of publishing salvation. I have tried, 
by the grace of God, to fulfill that vow. Though I have in many, 
many things come short, yet for a third of a century it has been 
my unspeakable privilege to be a laborer in that most interesting 
field, the Karen mission, and I hope soon to be back there and 
end my days among the people to whose service I consecrated my 
life. You are aware that a special effort is now being made to 
establish among that people a collegiate institution. We need 
your prayers and co-operation that it may prove a success. May 
the Lord abundantly bless you in your deliberations, and give you 
great success in your labors. Send out your reports full of truth 
and fire of Christian love. Your fellow-laborer for Jesus and his 
cause. 

D. L. Brayton. 

Boston, October 6, 187 

This letter and the presence of Rev. Cephas Bennett, 



1 86 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

another missionary to Burma, highly esteemed, added 
greatly to the interest of the occasion. 

Cook Academy. — The crowning interest of the meet- 
ing was reached after papers had been read by Prof. 
J. H. Gilmore, of the University of Rochester, on "The 
Place of Academies in the Educational System of our 
State " ; by Prof. N. L. Andrews, of Madison Univer- 
sity, on " The Necessity of Baptist Academies for the 
General Education of our Youth " ; and by S. S. Cut- 
ting, d.d., secretary of the Educational Commission, on 
"The Plan for Establishing Academies in the State." 
The following report was presented by Rev. J. B. Smith, 
chairman of a committee appointed to consider the prop- 
osition of Elbert W. Cook, Esq., of Havana, N. Y., to 
give to the Baptists of the State a building and grounds 
for an academy. 

The committee having in charge the establishment of a first- 
class academy, in connection with the munificent proposition of 
Bro. E. W. Cook, of Havana, N. Y., beg leave to present the 
following memorial : On the proposition of Bro. E. W. Cook, 
presented to the educational meeting last year at Homer, and by 
that meeting cordially and unanitnously accepted, a committee 
was appointed by whom a meeting was called of the friends of 
education in the State, at Havana, December I, 1870. This 
meeting was well attended and ably addressed by Drs. M. B. An- 
derson, J. H. Raymond, S. S. Cutting, and others, and a perma- 
nent committee of fifteen was appointed to have in charge the 
movement for an academy, which Brother Cook' s proposition had 
inaugurated, and of which it was to form the basis. This com- 
mittee has thoroughly examined the buildings and grounds, and 
has carefully estimated the expense of putting them in order, and 
also the expense of sustaining such a school as is projected. They 
have taken steps toward securing a charter, and have devised 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 187 

plans for the internal working of such an institution, including 
the methods and means of instruction, and have somewhat can- 
vassed the general ground preparatory to decisive action ; but they 
have been delaying that action for developments which might be 
made in connection with the general movement in reference to 
academies in the State. We are now permitted to present a more 
munificent offer than heretofore made. Brother Cook offers to 
give the denomination the buildings and ten or fifteen acres of 
land, formerly belonging to the "People's College" at Havana, 
guaranteeing thereto a good and sufficient title and one-fourth of 
whatever funds may be raised for endowment, fitting, and furnish- 
ing the buildings and improving the grounds, the least sum desig- 
nated for such purpose by the committee being $75,000, and the 
sum desirable not less than $100,000. The proportion of the 
funds contributed by Brother Cook is to be devoted, as far as re- 
quired, to the improvements in and about the buildings. This 
proposition puts the buildings in running order, with the nucleus 
of a library and apparatus, so that all of the funds contributed 
(including those in the immediate vicinity) will go directly into 
the interest-bearing endowments. 

In building a house of worship for the Baptist church at Havana, 
in which work he is now engaged, he has had in view the religious 
wants of the academy, and should the denomination assist in 
making this academy what it is designed to be, he signifies that 
his propositions now made do not cover all that he designs with 
reference to it hereafter. It is thus by opening the heart and 
hand of Brother Cook at the time when the need of such an in- 
stitution is felt more fully than ever before (and in this locality as 
much or more than any other) that Providence seems to have 
opened the way for us to engage in this work, and it would seem 
that we were almost fighting against Providence were we not to 
take up this enterprise and carry it to a successful completion. 

The Convention appointed the following permanent 
committee on Havana Academy, which became the 
Board of Trustees on receiving the charter : Rev. 
Messrs. G. A. Starkweather, C. P. Sheldon, S. S. Cut- 



1 88 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ting, J. B. Smith, C. J. Shrimpton, M. W. Holmes ; 
Professors J. H. Gilmore, N. L. Andrews, D. R. Ford, 
Truman J. Backus, Hon. S. S. Root, and Messrs. M. T. 
Broderick, E. W. Cook, J. M. Jackson, and A. J. Fox. 
The institution was named for its founder, Cook Acad- 
emy, and was opened in September, 1 873. It may be truly 
said that Cook Academy is in a special and very im- 
portant sense the property of the Baptists of the State 
of New York, and thus far it has worthily fulfilled the 
object of its founder. As an interesting fact, it may be 
stated here that the grace of God was signally mani- 
fested in the conversion of Mr. Cook from a life of in- 
fidelity, when he was well advanced in years. He no 
sooner came to know Christ as the Son of God, and his 
precious Saviour, than he devoted himself and all that 
he had most whole-heartedly to his service. The sub- 
stantial brick house of worship of the Baptist church at 
Havana, now Montour Falls, and the large academy 
building are the monuments in that village that best 
perpetuate Mr. Cook's memory. 

Co-operation Interrupted. — The first interruption 
to the harmony existing between the Convention and 
the Home Mission Society, appeared July 9, 1874, when 
at the meeting of the Board of that Society, the follow- 
ing communication was ordered sent to the Board of 
the Convention : 

American Baptist Home Mission Rooms, 
150 Nassau Street, New York. 
To the Board of the New York Baptist State Convention : 

Dear Brethren : The Executive Board of the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, at a meeting held July 9, 1874, adopted 
the following resolution : 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 1 89 

Resolved, That the Corresponding Secretary be, and he is hereby au- 
thorized and directed to give, without any unnecessary delay, due notice 
to the proper officers of the New York Baptist State Missionary Conven- 
tion that this society will, on and after the first day of October, 1874, 
withdraw from all arrangements now existing under what has been 
known as co-operation. 

Hoping that this action may result in great good to us both, 
and in no way lessen the interest in the great work of home mis- 
sions, I am Yours fraternally, 

E. E. L. Taylor, Cor. Sec. 

A special meeting of the Convention Board was held 
in Albany, July 21, when the following resolutions were 
adopted : 

Resolved, That we receive with regret the notice of the Execu- 
tive Board of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, ter- 
minating our co-operative relations, believing as we do, that if 
co-operation had been cordially and harmoniously continued, 
great good would have resulted to our common cause. 

Resolved, That the Board of the State Convention can take no 
action as to the actual dissolving of its relations with the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society, but will refer it to the meet- 
ing of the State Convention, to be held at Hornellsville, the last 
week in October next. 

Resolved, That we hold the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society responsible for the payment of the missionaries of the New 
York State Convention, so far as commissioned by the Home 
Mission Society, on a basis of Article V., page 4, of the "New 
York Baptist Annual," 1874. 

Resolved, That a special committee of seven be appointed with 
the corresponding secretary to adjust the financial relations. of the 
Convention with the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and 
report at the next meeting of the Convention. 

Resolved, That a special committee of eleven be appointed with 
the corresponding secretary to report at the next annual meeting 
to be held, at Hornellsville, in October, a plan of State work for 
New York. 



190 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Brethren A. C. Osborn, C. P. Sheldon, C. De W. 
Bridgeman, S. G. Smith, D. G. Corey, and S. T. Hilman 
were appointed the Committee provided for by the fourth 
resolution ; and Brethren M. B. Anderson, D. Van Al- 
stine, Lyman Wright, Edward Bright, D. G. Corey, N. L. 
Andrews, A. C. Osborn, Galusha Anderson, C. P. Shel- 
don, S. G. Smith, and L. M. S. Haynes were appointed 
on the committee provided for by the fifth resolution. 

The closing paragraph of the report of the Board 
which was presented at the annual meeting in Hor- 
nellsville, October, 1874, is so pertinent and so com- 
pletely represents the facts and the sentiments of its 
members that it is here inserted. After showing by 
the reports of the Home Mission Society that in the 
years 1 868-1 869 to 1 873-1 874 there had been raised 
in the State of New York for its treasury $348,164.42, 
and according to the agreement New York was entitled 
to two-fifths of that sum, viz: $139,123.76, or an av- 
erage of $23,187.29 each year, whereas the average 
amount expended in the State was less than $15,000, 
inclusive of the expenses of printing the "Annual" and 
the salary of the corresponding secretary, who was ex 
officio collecting agent for the Home Mission Society, 
the following is added : 

But, however efficient and economical the plan of co-operation 
in home mission work, the society projecting and inviting it has 
thought best to bring it to an end, and the New York State Con- 
vention, just as the machinery began to work smoothly and the 
power of it to be felt and observed in every part of the State, is 
left with all the work upon its hands — with responsibilities per- 
fectly overwhelming — to start anew and, if possible, so to organize 
and work that the great cause shall not seriously suffer. New 
York, as a missionary field, was never more inviting than to-day. 




CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 191 



Our Sabbath-schools need constant and organized attention. Our 
educational work and our church life must have State sympathy 
and carefully combined labor. We have the resources if they are 
properly developed. The churches have been gradually coming 
to feel that they must begin their evangelizing work at their own 
doors. That, we believe, is the Saviour's order no less to-day 
than when he ascended up on high. Distance may lend enchant- 
ment in missionary work, as in other departments of life ; but the 
churches must not lose sight of the great facts. Let the State of 
New York be properly cultivated for Christ by the Baptists, and 
they will have power to go into all the world for Christ and souls. 
The Board in resigning their trust, may be permitted to give a 
word of caution and encouragement. Let us fall into no spirit of 
complaining, be drawn into no entanglements, never be drifted 
for one moment from the great work of filling the Empire State 
with living, spiritual New Testament churches. Our times de- 
mand it, our country demands it, our risen, reigning Lord de- 
mands it, and if true to our sacred trusts he will give us the honor 
and glory of its achievement. On behalf of the Board, 

M. G. Clarke, Corresponding Secretary. 

Plan of Reorganization. — The report of the Board 
for that year was full of encouragement so far as con- 
cerned the work accomplished. At the annual meeting 
of the Convention at Hornellsville, the special Commit- 
tee of Eleven on The Plan of Work, reported a revised 
constitution, which is practically the one now in opera- 
tion. Edward Bright, d. d., was chosen president. 
Rev. Miner G. Clarke, who had so efficiently served the 
Convention as corresponding secretary for three and 
one-half years, tendered his resignation, being obliged 
to retire from the service on account of injuries received 
from an accident and for other reasons. Suitable reso- 
lutions in appreciation of the valuable services rendered 
by Mr. Clarke were adopted. Rev. L. M. S. Haynes 



192 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

was elected as his successor but declined the honor, 
and Rev. Dr. Bright, the newly elected president, dis- 
charged the duties of the office until the election of 
Rev. H. F. Lane in 1877. 

Revised Constitution 

Adopted Oct. 28, 1874. 

Article i. Delegates annually chosen by the Baptist Churches 
and Associations of the State of New York, together with those per- 
sons who have heretofore been constituted Life Directors, and Life 
or Honorary Members, shall constitute this Society ; to be known 
as the • ' Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York. ' ' 

Art. 2. The objects of this Convention shall be as follows : 

1. To promote the preaching of the gospel, and the establish- 
ment and maintenance of Baptist churches in the State of 
New York. 

2. To encourage the common educational interests of the 
denomination within the State. 

3. The general care and encouragement of denominational 
Sunday-school work. 

4. To promote denominational acquaintance, fellowship, and 
growth. 

Art. 3. This Convention shall meet annually on the fourth 
Wednesday in October, or at such other time as the Convention 
may formally direct ; provided, that the President shall have power, 
upon the written request of not less than seven members, to alter 
the time and place of an annual meeting. 

Art. 4. Any church contributing to the funds of this Conven- 
tion may appoint one delegate ; and every Association shall be 
entitled to one delegate for every four churches included in it, a 
part of which delegates shall be laymen. The delegates from the 
Association shall present to this Convention at its annual meeting 
a brief written report giving the statistics of missionary work, and 
any other facts within their respective limits requiring the action 
of the Convention, together with a copy of their printed minutes. 

Art. 5. The officers of this Convention shall be a President, 
two Vice-Presidents, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer and 



COOPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 1 93 

a Recording Secretary, who shall be elected annually ; there shall 
be likewise thirty Directors, one-third of whom, after the first elec- 
tion, shall be elected annually. All of these officers and Direc- 
tors shall be members in good standing of regular Baptist churches. 
All elections shall be by ballot. These officers and Directors 
shall constitute a Board of Managers for the Convention, of which 
the President shall be, ex officio, the Chairman, and the Corre- 
sponding Secretary the Clerk. At the first election of Directors 
they shall be elected in classes for one, two, and three years. 
One-third, at least, of the Directors shall always be laymen. One- 
third of the Board of Managers shall be a quorum. The Board 
shall have power to fix the salary of the Corresponding Secretary, 
and to fill all vacancies occurring in its body, by appointments to 
hold until the next meeting of the Convention. 

Art. 6. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention 
the Board shall meet and appoint an Executive Committee of 
seven, who shall have charge of the missionary work, appoint and 
commission all missionaries, appropriate all moneys, instruct and 
co-operate with the Corresponding Secretary in all the work of the 
Convention. 

The Executive Committee shall appoint, outside of their own 
number, two committees of three members each, one on educa- 
tion and the other on Sunday-schools. It shall be the duty of 
these committees to collect and present, from time to time, to the 
Executive Committee, such facts as will subserve these important 
interests ; and generally to co-operate with the Executive Com- 
mittee in stimulating and strengthening our educational institu- 
tions and Sunday-schools. 

Art. 7. This Convention shall have power, at any annual 
meeting, to alter or amend this Constitution, by a three-fourths 
vote of the members present ; provided, notice of the proposed 
change shall have been given at the previous annual meeting, and 
shall have been printed in the minutes ; or, provided the pro- 
posed change be unanimously requested by the Board. 

By-Laws. 
1. Appropriations for missionary service shall be made to mis- 
sionaries, and not to churches. 

N 



194 N ^ w YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

2. In the annual meetings of the Convention, at least one ses- 
sion shall be given to each of the two causes of Education and 
Sunday-schools ; and at least two sessions, not including an annual 
sermon, to the mission work and other ordinary business of the 
body. 

3. No objects other than those provided for by the Constitu- 
tion shall be presented at the annual meetings, unless by the 
unanimous consent of the Convention. 

4. The proceedings of the Convention shall be regulated by the 
ordinary rules governing deliberative assemblies. 

5. The President shall nominate all committees unless other- 
wise ordered by the Convention. 

6. There shall be the following committees : 

(1) On Arrangements for the present session. 

(2) On Arrangements for the next session. 

(3) To nominate Officers and Directors. 

(4) On communications from Associations. 

(5) To prepare a list of Officers, Members, and Delegates 
present 

(6) On Obituaries. 

7. The minutes shall be read and approved before the rising of 
the Convention. 

Rev. Miner G. Clarke. — Mr. Clarke, who had served 
as secretary of the State Missionary Convention from 
1870 to 1874, was born in Woodstock, Conn., Decem- 
ber 9, 1809, and was a descendant of Rev. John Clarke, 
who founded the first Baptist church of Newport, R. I. 
He graduated at Newton in 1837; was pastor at Suf- 
field, Conn. ; Grafton, Mass. ; Norwich, Conn. ; Spring- 
field, Mass. ; Williamsburg, Borough of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; 
and for five years of the Tabernacle Church, Phila- 
delphia. In 1856 he moved to Indianapolis, where he 
established a Baptist paper called " The Witness," which 
he conducted with admirable skill for six years. For a 
time he was financial secretary of Chicago University. 



CO-OPERATION WITH HOME MISSION SOCIETY 1 95 

His last public service was as secretary of the State 
Missionary Convention, which position he filled with 
great acceptance and ability. Several church edifices 
attest his skill as a builder, and he is remembered as an 
eloquent preacher and as a sympathetic and wise pastor. 
He died at Geneva, 111., September 18, 1881. 

Clesson P. Sheldon, d. d. — This faithful serv^ 
ant of God was born at Bernardstown, Mass., May 9, 
18 13. He was converted and baptized in Pitcher, N. Y., 
May 9, 1 83 1. He took a partial course at Hamilton, but 
on account of weakness of the eyes was obliged to discon- 
tinue his studies. He was ordained at Whitesborough, 
October 21, 1836, where he remained seven years. 
He then completed his course and graduated in 1846. 
He served as pastor of the church at Hamilton (twice), 
at Buffalo, and at Troy, N. Y. In the last place his 
pastorate continued nearly twenty years. In 1875 he 
entered the service of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society as district secretary for New York and 
Northern New Jersey, in which relation he continued 
until his death. His name first appears on the records 
of the Convention as clerk in 1846. In 1849 ne 
preached the annual sermon. In 1850 he was elected 
corresponding secretary, in which office he served one 
year. He was elected president in 1858 and 1859; 
moderator, 1861 and 1868; president again from 1867 
to 1 87 1 inclusive. He was a good preacher, faithful 
pastor, and always an affable Christian gentleman. He 
died in Troy, N. Y., October 25, 1888. 



CHAPTER XVII 

THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 

BEGINNING Empty-handed. — The new plan of 
work included, among other things, the selection 
of seven members of the Board as an Executive Com- 
mittee. For convenience this committee is composed 
of members living in or near the city of New York, and 
to it is entrusted the oversight and direction of all 
the work of the Convention during the year. This plan 
has been more effective than any other yet devised. 
When the first executive committee entered upon its 
new duties in October, 1875, there were no correspond- 
ing secretary, no missionaries, and no money in the 
treasury. The Home Mission Society paid the mission- 
aries who had been employed under the co-operation 
plan for the unexpired time of their commission, but be- 
yond that there was no provision for the future. Dr. 
Bright, the president, as has already been stated, acted 
as corresponding secretary and treasurer, thus filling, 
without compensation, the three important offices. In 
the " Examiner "he had a powerful agency over which 
he had full control, and which he effectively used. 

Loyal Helpers. — There were many of the leading 
men in the denomination who loyally supported the new 
administration in the work of reorganization and whose 
influence helped to make it a success. Their names 
deserve a more extended notice than our space will 
196 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 1 97 

allow. Among those whose influence was especially 
helpful may be mentioned Ebenezer Dodge, d. d., 
president of Madison University, who served the Con- 
vention as president in 1 873-1 874, when the co-opera- 
tion with the Home Mission Society was dissolved, and 
Martin B. Anderson, ll. d., president of the University 
of Rochester, whose addresses at the annual meetings 
were always an inspiration. They were great men, 
worthy of any age, and any cause was strengthened by 
their support. On one occasion, while making a plea 
on behalf of the small and dependent churches, Dr. 
Anderson illustrated his appeal with an incident from 
his own experience. When a lad he was accustomed to 
accompany his mother to a small Baptist church in the 
country, which was too poor to sustain a regular pastor, 
often dependent on missionaries for preaching, and 
often without a minister. It was then that the seeds of 
truth were planted in his young heart, which by the 
grace of God bore rich fruit in his maturer years, lead- 
ing him to Christ and into a Baptist church. 

Among the pastors who rallied to the support of the 
Missionary Convention were D. G. Corey, d. d., of 
Utica, forty years a member of the Board, Rev. Messrs. 
George Fisher, J. T. Seeley, J. B. Smith, d. d., A. Coit, 
d. d., R. S. MacArthur, d. d., of the Calvary Church, 
New York, whose voice was never more eloquent than 
on the platform of the Convention, and whose warm 
heart toward the cause drew Dr. Bright to join the Cal- 
vary Church. And what shall we say of Drs. H. M. 
Sanders, Robert B. Hull, John Humpstone, and other 
New York pastors, whose co-operation in the work was 
so helpful and who are equally worthy of honorable 



198 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

mention ? We must not overlook the laymen. We 
cannot forget the generous aid of such men as John H. 
Deane, whose munificent contributions in the days of 
great financial stringency helped so largely toward the 
relief of the overdrawn treasury. There were many 
others whose labors and beneficence made the successes 
of those years possible. Mention should be made of 
Messrs. J. C. Overhiser, James Pyle, H. A. Deland, P. 
C. Daniels, J. S. Squires, E. A. Fish, O. F. Knapp, J. 
H. Burr, H. S. Day, A. J. Fox, and Curtis Pettit. 

District Missionaries. — In April, 1875, R- ev - S. J. 
Douglass was appointed district missionary for the 
southeastern district, and Rev. C. W. Brooks was re- 
appointed for the western. They were allowed the 
largest possible liberty as to their methods of work. 
Everything that conduced to the advancement of the 
cause for which the Convention existed was considered 
their legitimate work. They were evangelists, collect- 
ing agents, and district secretaries, all in one, besides 
having a general care for the pastorless and dependent 
churches, so far as strength and time would permit. 
Mr. Douglass retired from the field at the end of his 
first year, and Rev. J. B. Van Housen succeeded him on 
the same district for one year, but Mr. Brooks continues 
in the service until this day. Of the work of these men, 
and others of this class, we shall have occasion to speak 
later. 

Seventieth Anniversary. — The seventieth annual 
meeting of the State Missionary Convention, held with 
the First Church of Troy, October 24 and 25, 1877, 




S. G. HILLMAN 
GEORGE FISHER. 
See Pages 230, 244, 249. 



HORACE WATERS. 
H. S. DAY. 

Page ic 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 1 99 

was of more than ordinary interest. The treasurer's 
report showed a deficit of $4,835.99; of this sum $3,- 
798.86 had been carried over from the previous year. 
There had been a decided enlargement in the working 
force of the Convention, but not a corresponding en- 
largement of the receipts. A special effort was made 
on Wednesday afternoon to raise the sum. The hour 
was propitious. The addresses following the annual 
report by Rev. S. H. Greene, of Cazenovia, and Rev. F. 
R. Morse, of Albany, had been in the happiest vein and 
prepared the way for the soul-stirring appeal of Rev. H. 
M. Sanders, of Yonkers, in the afternoon. Near the 
close of Dr. Sanders' address he recalled the fact that 
there was a debt of $4,835.99 resting on the Conven- 
tion. Of this amount about $3,000 was due the mis- 
sionaries, who were suffering for the want of it. He 
said : " It ought to be paid, and paid now, and if the 
remainder could be raised on the spot he was authorized 
to say that one thousand dollars would be paid by the 
Yonkers Church." Acting upon the proposition of Dr. 
Sanders, an hour was spent in taking pledges from those 
present and the churches they represented, when Rev. 
S. H. Greene, of Cazenovia, presented a gold watch 
and chain as a gift to the Convention from a sister in 
his church, with telling effect, and Rev. G. C. Baldwin 
moved that the brethren buy the watch and return it to 
the donor, and that the contribution in the evening be 
devoted to this purpose. On Thursday morning it was 
announced that $138.50 had been given to purchase 
the articles, and they were returned to the donor. Be- 
fore adjournment the entire indebtedness was provided 
for. 



200 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

New Corresponding Secretary. — At this meeting 
the proposition made by the Executive Committee that 
a corresponding secretary be appointed was approved. 
Subsequently Rev. Henry Fayette Lane was called 
from his pastorate at Malone to that office, which he 
filled with ability for two years. Mr. Lane while pastor 
had shown great interest in the work of the Convention, 
and had rendered valuable service as a member of the 
Board. He was a clear thinker, an able preacher, and 
gave to the work during his term of service his very 
best efforts. Never physically strong he felt con- 
strained to relinquish his arduous duties and return to 
the pastorate to which he considered himself more espe- 
cially called, and which was more congenial to his 
tastes. Mr. Lane was born in East Abington, Mass., 
in 1825, and died in Medfield, Mass., May 9, 1897. His 
pastorates were New London and Portsmouth, N. H. ; 
Stoughton Street, Boston ; Lawrence ; Kingston ; Pleas- 
ant Street, Worcester, Mass. ; and Malone, N. Y. He 
was chaplain in the army 1 863-1 864. His record in 
the ministry was creditable to himself and profitable to 
the churches he served. 

Seven Successful Years. — As a successor to Mr. 
Lane, Mr. John B. Calvert was chosen and entered 
upon his duties at the close of the annual meeting in 
Rochester, in 1879. Although he had only in May 
completed his theological studies, Mr. Calvert was 
peculiarly fitted for this position. His boyhood and 
early manhood were spent in Cortland, his college 
life in the city of Rochester, and his seminary days 
in New York, giving him a wide acquaintance with 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 201 

the churches and pastors in three sections of the 
State. During the last two years of his seminary 
course he had supplied the First Church at Granite- 
ville, Staten Island, which had been without preaching 
for a year, as it could not raise sufficient funds to sup- 
port a pastor, and thus his sympathy and interest had 
been aroused in behalf of the smaller churches and a 
practical knowledge had been gained of their needs. 
He administered the duties of the office until October, 
1886, or a period of seven years, the last five of which 
he was also associated with Dr. MacArthur as assistant 
pastor of the Calvary Church, New York, and the last 
two of which he also acted as treasurer of the Conven- 
tion. During the five years he served as secretary, 
under the presidency of Dr. Bright, the missionaries in- 
creased from sixty-one to ninety, and the receipts from 
$9,082.06 to $14,059.41, and the Convention years 
were closed without a debt. All details were entrusted 
to the secretary, and system and order were at once in- 
troduced into the work. The debts on several churches 
were raised, and others were encouraged in building, 
through the secretary's personal efforts, and the way 
prepared for the Church Building Department, which 
was afterward organized. When the Convention re- 
organized, all of the forty-three Associations did not co- 
operate with it, but one by one they came into line. 
During this period five Associations not heretofore 
working in harmony with the Convention came into 
line, contributions were received from churches in 
Associations which continued to do their own work, and 
a new spirit of harmony and enthusiasm everywhere 
prevailed. The writer was in frequent correspondence 



202 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

with Secretary Calvert during these years, and can bear 
testimony to the accuracy, fidelity, and sympathetic 
manner in which he discharged the burdensome duties 
of his office. The position of the Convention before 
the denomination at large and the New York City 
churches in particular was advanced, and new character 
given to the work. Against the wishes of the Conven- 
tion Mr. Calvert resigned the office of secretary at the 
annual meeting at Poughkeepsie, in 1886, and Rev. H. 
W. Barnes, who was widely esteemed and had served 
with great acceptance as general missionary, was elected 
as his successor. The Convention insisted upon Mr. 
Calvert accepting the presidency, and despite his earnest 
protest he was elected to that office. President Calvert 
and Secretary Barnes have both continued in office 
until the present time (1900). It will be seen that in a 
period of twenty-five years the office of secretary has 
been filled by only three men. In the same period, 
with the exception of one year's service each, by 
J. F. Elder, d. d., and by R. S. MacArthur, d. d., 
two men have filled the presidency. Changes are not 
always improvements, and although each of these men 
was probably more conscious of his own imperfec- 
tions than any of his possible critics could be, yet it 
is a cause for profound gratitude that these important 
offices have been filled by men of so marked ability, 
and that by long continuance in these positions they 
have been able to add with each year's service the 
wealth of ripened experience. As a proof of the value 
of this policy we only need to call attention to the mar- 
velous growth of the work in the last quarter of a cen- 
tury. 




CO <^\rGur-X. 




Page 203 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 203 

Administration of Doctor Bright. — The admin- 
istration of Doctor Bright began at a most critical time 
in the history of the Convention. He gave to the work 
the great executive ability that distinguished him as 
manager and editor of a great newspaper, and which 
enabled him to direct the affairs of the Convention with 
admirable skill and effectiveness. As a presiding officer 
he had no superior. Each year the annual meetings 
increased in interest and attendance. A wide range of 
topics was discussed without the appearance of such a 
"cut and dried" programme as allows for nothing spon- 
taneous and elastic ; there was a careful and painstaking 
preparation in advance, a wise selection of subjects and 
of men qualified to discuss them, which gave a fresh- 
ness and vigor rarely found in State meetings. For 
this feature, which has since characterized our State 
anniversaries, we are largely indebted to Doctor Bright. 
He seldom made an address at the annual meetings, 
though abundantly qualified to do so. At Cortland, 
however, in October, 1880, he gave a short address, 
which, for its historic reminiscences, is reproduced here : 

A NOTABLE ADDRESS ON A HISTORIC SPOT. 

Were it not for the place where we meet and the associations it 
awakens, I would not ask the Convention to listen to anything I 
might say at this time ; but the church which welcomes us here 
was organized in 1801, with sixteen members, and it was the first 
church of any Christian denomination organized in Cortland 
County. Its first house of worship stood within the old town- 
ship of Homer, near the turn of the road between what was then 
Cortlandville and Homer Village, and was as plain a structure as 
could be made of beams and boards. Its first pastor was Alfred 
Bennett, of blessed memory. I am told that the house never had 
a furnace or stove in it. In those days they put the stove in the 



204 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

pulpit, and it kept the whole house warm too. That plain old 
house was a memorable place up to 1827, when the Homer Village 
Church was organized, of which Alfred Bennett became the pastor, 
and the church of Cortlandville put up a new house of worship on 
the site where we now meet, but a very different thing it was from 
the spacious and beautiful house where we now are. That old 
house of the church of 180 1 was the center of great and wonderful 
revivals, such revivals as we see fewer of nowadays than we could 
wish to see. Not less than five churches were the children of the 
good mother church. In 1802 the mother church had eighteen 
members, and it was then that delegates were appointed to seek 
admission into the Otsego Association, which was to meet at 
Springfield, Otsego County, seventy miles distant, through ways 
not infrequently indicated by marked trees. The first Baptist 
church organized west of the Hudson River was in 1792 at this 
same Springfield, and in 1795 the Otsego Association was organ- 
ized, with thirteen churches and five ministers. But in 1802, 
when the Homer Church sought admission to it, its churches were 
forty-two and its ministers nine. Even then, with this rapid 
growth, there were only eighty-six of our churches in the whole 
State of New York, and these eighty-six churches could not have 
had more than 5,000 members. But in 18 17 the number of 
churches was 310, with 28,000 members. Now, in 1880, the 
number of churches can hardly be less than 875, with 115,000 
members ; and here let it be noted, with thanksgiving, that in 
1802 the population of the State of New York was about 650,000, 
and that it is now fully 5,000,000, an increase of seven and one- 
half-fold in seventy-eight years. But our denomination in the same 
years has increased twenty-three-fold, or more than three times 
faster than the population, and in the decade ending with 1880, 
the growth of our denomination in the State has been more rapid 
than that of the population. The growth of our resources, both 
physical and moral, has more than kept pace with the increase of 
our numbers. Why such growth ? I cannot but believe that it 
has been very largely due to the character of the first and second 
generations of our pioneer Baptist ministers. Most of the first 
generation died early in this century, and few of them lived later 
than 1825. But how shall we estimate the debt we of this genera- 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 205 

tion owe to such ministers of the Lord Jesus as Joseph Cornell, 
Ashbel Hosmer, William Furman, Salmon Morton, Obed Warren, 
David Irish, Emory Osgood, John Lawton, Joel Butler, Sylvanus 
Haynes, Ora Butler, Lemuel Covell, and Jonathan Ferris ; and 
to such laymen as Squire Manro, Jonathan Olmsted, Samuel 
Payne, Ebenezer Wakely, and John Keep ? These were noble 
men of the first generation of Baptist pioneers, and before they 
had entered into rest another generation, on whom their mantle 
had fallen, took up their work and bore their responsibilities. 
They included such ministers as Alfred Bennett, Nathaniel Ken- 
drick, Daniel Hascall, John Peck, Caleb Douglass, John Blodgett, 
Lewis Leonard, Cornelius P. Wyckoff, Elon Galusha, John Smitzer, 
Bartholomew T. Welch, Spencer H. Cone, Oliver C. Comstock, 
and Elisha Tucker ; and such laymen as William Colgate, Friend 
Humphrey, Alexander M. Beebee, Seneca B. Burchard, Asa Ben- 
nett, Oren Sage, and William Cobb. The influence of these men 
was felt over all the State, and the springs of all our growth were 
in what they were and did. What were they? In 18 17 we had 
but three ministers west of the Hudson who had graduated from 
any college. But, as a whole, our pioneers were mighty in the 
Scriptures and well-nigh boundless in their devotion to Christ 
and his truth. They often held meetings in log houses, in barns, 
and in woods. They went everywhere, like ' « flaming heralds, ' ' 
as one of the old chronicles expresses it, declaring the "unsearch- 
able riches. ' ' Every one of them who was a pastor gave a part 
of every year to itinerating missionary service, feeling his way 
through great forests by marked trees and fording streams on foot. 
They were Pauline in their devotion and in their doctrine. Their 
zeal for a godly walk did not quench their ardor for soundness in 
the faith. One of their most coveted exercises, when a few of 
them met together, was to listen to each other's Christian experi- 
ences, and one of the earliest things they did was to guard the 
Otsego Association from receiving either ministers or churches 
that were not sound in both practice and belief. It seems never 
to have entered the heads of those brave and God-fearing men 
that Christ could be honored or his cause blessed by diluting the 
truth, or by trying to make any church more liberal than the New 
Testament. But these men knew how to discern the signs of 



206 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

coming events and obligations and to make ready for them. In 
1807 they formed the Hamilton Missionary Society, and its field 
was wider than the State. In 18 12 Mrs. Betsy Payne and Mrs. 
Freedom Olmsted attended the annual meeting of the society as 
delegates from what was called the Hamilton Female Missionary 
Society, and carried with them twenty yards of fulled cloth as their 
society s contribution to the larger treasury. This was the first 
Woman' s Baptist Missionary Society known west of the Hudson, 
but it soon became the mother of a large number of like societies 
over all the State. In 18 14 Rev. John M. Peck attended the 
annual meeting of the Hamilton Society as the representative of 
Luther Rice, and the society took immediate measures to awaken 
a spirited co-operation in the work of foreign missions. In the 
same year the necessity of a religious paper, devoted largely to 
religious views, was felt, and a quarterly paper, called "The 
Vehicle, ' ' was set agoing, which was subsequently merged in the 
"New York Baptist Register." In 181 7 the New York State 
Baptist Education Society was organized, and in 1820 the Hamil- 
ton Literary and Theological Institution was started upon its be- 
neficent career. In 1821, prompted by the Hudson River Asso- 
ciation, the State Missionary Convention was organized at Mentz, 
near Auburn, and in 1825 the long-desired union was effected by 
merging the Hamilton Missionary Society and the State Conven- 
tion. What this State Convention, dating back by this union to 
the year 1 807, has done will appear from what is to follow in this 
meeting. Paul loved to call the roll of the great and good worthies 
of the earlier generations. I could do no less in this place and 
amidst the associations here awakened than to follow his illustrious 
example. I leave the lessons of this brief review with men abun- 
dantly capable of applying them to their own hearts and con- 
sciences. May the day never come in the history of New York 
Baptists when they shall cease to recall and revere the names of 
the first and second generations of the Baptist pioneers of the 
great Empire State. 

During the administration of Doctor Bright, the Con- 
vention maintained a constant and healthful growth in all 
departments. It came to possess a strength and dignity 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 207 

that silenced criticism and won the respect of the de- 
nomination in the State, and its methods became a pat- 
tern for other States. The "Annual," under the able 
hand of Secretary Calvert, became with each year a 
more valuable contribution to our denominational litera- 
ture, as well as a fountain of useful information. The 
number of missionaries steadily increased, greater care 
was exercised in their selection, and larger results ap- 
peared as the fruit of their labors. In 1876, the first 
full year of work following the year of co-operation with 
the Home Mission Society, the annual report showed 
sixty-five missionaries employed, occupying 186 stations, 
having performed 2,016 weeks of service, preached 6, 191 
sermons, and baptized 301 persons. At the annual 
meeting in 1884, when after ten years' service President 
Bright retired from his office, the number of mission- 
aries was ninety, and they had occupied 319 stations, 
rendered 3,115 weeks' service, preached 8,266 sermons, 
and baptized 354 persons. During the first ten years 
of the reconstructed Convention, there had been 578 
stations occupied, 21,767 weeks of service rendered, 
60,495 sermons preached, 112,836 visits made, 38,719 
prayer meetings attended, and 2,760 persons baptized, 
as the result of missionary labor. 

Edward Bright, d. d. — He was born near Kington, 
in Herfordshire, England, October 6, 1808. His par- 
ents were Baptists. In 18 19 they removed to this 
country and settled in Vernon, Oneida County, N. Y. 
Young Bright's advantages for an education were lim- 
ited to the common school and a short period at Homer 
Academy. At the age of twenty he became a partner 



208 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

with Dolphus Bennett, son of Rev. Alfred Bennett, in 
the book business in Utica, N. Y., and the firm after- 
ward published the " New York Baptist Register." At 
the age of twenty-one he was converted in a powerful 
revival of religion under the labors of Rev. Charles G. 
Finney, and united with the Broad Street Baptist 
Church, Utica. In 1839 he became pastor of the re- 
cently organized Park Baptist Church, In 1841 he ac- 
cepted the call to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
at Homer, N. Y. This was his last pastorate. He 
resigned in 1844 to accept the agency of the Triennial 
Convention, and on the withdrawal of the Southern 
Baptists and the change of the name of that organiza- 
tion to the American Baptist Missionary Union, in 1846, 
he was elected home secretary. It has been well said : 

It was a time of disorganization and discouragement All of 
the South had withdrawn, and no inconsiderable portion of the 
Baptists of the North was alienated. It was thought that impor- 
tant missions would have to be abandoned and efficient mission- 
aries dismissed for lack of support. The inventive and organiz- 
ing abilities of Mr. Bright were at once displayed. The Baptists 
of the whole North were rallied to the support of the Missionary 
Union. Instead of abandoning missions and dismissing mission- 
aries, the missions were enlarged, new missionaries sent out, and 
new stations opened. A system of agency was adopted, and an 
organization of the home field was effected, as in operation to-day, 
substantially unchanged. It was he, more than any other man, 
who gave to the home field the impulse to our foreign mission 
work that has gone on with ever-increasing momentum. In recog- 
nition of these most efficient services, in 1852 the University of 
Rochester conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity. 

In 1855 Dr. Bright became editor of "The Exam- 
iner," in which he had purchased a controlling interest. 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 209 

The publication, as we have seen, began as " The Bap- 
tist Register," and during its history it absorbed " The 
Western Baptist Magazine," "The New York Re- 
corder," and " The New York Chronicle," being widely 
known for a long period as " The Examiner and Chron- 
icle." Since Dr. Bright's death, The Examiner Com- 
pany has purchased " The National Baptist " and " The 
Christian Secretary." "The Christian Inquirer," the 
other Baptist paper published in New York, was con- 
solidated with "The Examiner" in 1895. Under Dr. 
Bright's strong editorial management "The Examiner" 
came to be the leading Baptist newspaper of the world, 
ana its influence upon the denomination in its various 
lines of development has been beyond estimate. In 
1867 Dr. Bright became a member of the Board of 
Trustees of the University of Rochester. In 1872 he 
was elected vice-president, and in 1885 president of the 
Board, which office he held until a year prior to his 
death. In 1872 he was elected a member of the Board 
of Trustees of Vassar College, serving in that capacity 
for seventeen years. He had a warm heart and an 
open hand toward young men in the ministry who he 
believed were striving to do their best. 

Taken all in all, as has been said, in domestic mission work, 
in educational work, and in editorial work, Edward Bright left an 
impress upon our denominational life and history second, prob- 
ably, to no man the century has given us. 

The following from the pen of President A. H. 
Strong, of the Rochester Theological Seminary, gives 
an estimate of Dr. Bright's character and work, in which 
the writer from personal acquaintance fully concurs : 



2IO NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Naturally vigorous, self-asserting, even belligerent, his own re- 
ligious experience had greatly softened him. There was a tender 
side to Dr. Bright He was very affectionate in his home, was 
easily touched by kindness, and was often moved to tears by 
words spoken in appreciation of his work. He was a deviser and 
executor of plans, a controller of affairs, a manager of men. He 
loved little children, he loved his Saviour, and he loved the image 
of that Saviour when he saw it in his brethren. 

On October 6, 1885, he wrote : 

This is my birthday. I have found this a pleasant world to 
live in. Surely goodness and mercy have followed me all the 
days of my life. 

Dr. Bright peacefully entered into rest at his home in 
New York, on May 17, 1894, having attained the ripe 
age of nearly eighty-six years. 

Daniel Griffin Corey, d. d. — He was closely asso- 
ciated with, and was an intimate friend of Dr. Bright 
through his ministerial life. It is therefore most fitting 
that mention should here be made of his valuable serv- 
ices as a member of the Board of the State Missionary 
Convention for more than forty years, and a lifelong 
friend and supporter of its work. He was rarely absent 
from the annual meetings until failing health prevented 
his attendance. Dr. Corey was born in Greenwich, 
Washington County, N. Y., August 21, 18 14. In a 
brief sketch of his life, written by himself, he says : 
" While I was yet in childhood my parents left Green- 
wich and lived for a number of years in Leray, Jefferson 
County, N. Y. They then moved to Lowville, Lewis 
County, and later to the town of Martin sburg, Lewis 
County, where they settled on a new lot of land. Here 




DANIEL G COREY. 




Page 210. 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 211 

for a number of years I assisted my father in clearing 
the land and fitting it for cultivation. But not being 
able to pay for his farm my father moved when I was 
about thirteen years old to the village of Trenton, 
Oneida County, N. Y. From the above sketch it will 
appear evident that my parents were poor, though I 
have the happiness to say virtuous." At the age of 
fifteen he was converted and joined the Presbyterian 
Church in the village of Trenton. He remained a 
member of the Presbyterian Church not quite a year, 
as he had been led to investigate the subject of baptism 
during this time. He was baptized by Rev. Thomas 
Stevens, pastor of the Welsh Baptist Church of Steuben, 
in the spring of 1831, and became a member of the 
Baptist church at Trenton, N. Y. Early in his Chris- 
tian experience he felt called to preach the gospel, and 
began to exercise his gifts. He was licensed to preach 
by the Baptist church at Lowville, whither he had re- 
moved to attend the academy. For six months he sup- 
plied the Baptist church at Boonville, Oneida County, 
but feeling the need of an education which would better 
fit him for the great work he had undertaken, he de- 
cided to enter the Literary and Theological Seminary, 
now known as Colgate University. Speaking of this he 
says : " I entered Hamilton at the age of eighteen. I 
carried with me seventy-five cents in money and was 
poorly clad. I remained there until poverty compelled 
me to leave." He was ordained at Georgetown, Madi- 
son County, N. Y., March 5, 1835, in the twenty-first 
year of his age. He remained at Georgetown three 
years, and afterward was pastor four and one-half years 
at Smyrna. Great success attended his labors in both 



212 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

of these pastorates. In the autumn of 1841, at the 
suggestion of Rev. Edward Bright, the retiring pastor, 
Mr. Corey was constrained to accept the pastorate of 
the Bethel Baptist Church, of Utica, N. Y., and entered 
upon his labors, January 1, 1842. At the expiration of 
three years, owing to local changes, the question of re- 
moval was agitated. The result was the purchase of a 
house on Bleeker Street, formerly occupied by the 
Second Presbyterian Church. In this house the church 
worshiped until the spring of 1888, removing then to a 
new and more commodious house on Steuben Park, 
which is known as the Park Baptist Church. The 
church from the very beginning under his administra- 
tion enjoyed signal prosperity. God favored it, from 
time to time, with some of the most precious and power- 
ful revivals of religion. Large numbers were hopefully 
converted to Christ and added to the church. Among 
the years memorable in the history of his ministry are 
1847-48, when 141 persons were added to the church 
by baptism. In 1858 eighty-nine were added, and in 
1863 ninety. In 1874 seventy-six united with the 
church upon profession of faith. During his pastorate 
in Utica, covering a period of forty-eight years, he bap- 
tized more than 1,000 persons, many of whom still live 
to honor the Master, while many others have finished 
their work and gone to their reward. He was deeply 
interested in the work of home and foreign missions, in 
education, in the publication and circulation of the 
Scriptures, and in all the means devised by his own and 
other denominations for the spread of the gospel and 
the evangelization of the world. His own denomina- 
tion recognized the value of his character and counsels, 




JOSEPH F. ELDER 



Page 213. 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 213 

and honored him with places of trust and responsibility 
in the various societies organized for the purpose of 
carrying on its work. Madison University conferred 
upon him in 1847 tne degree of a. m., and in 1859 tne 
University of Rochester that of d. d. In July, 1889, 
Doctor Corey, feeling the need of rest, upon the ad- 
vice of his physician went to Asbury Park, N. J., 
hoping that a brief respite from care and the invigora- 
ting sea air might restore his lost strength. It was a 
vain hope. He soon returned to his home in Utica, 
where he slowly but surely declined until his death, 
which occurred February 20, 1890. 

Joseph F. Elder, d. d. — He was born in Portland, 
Maine, March 10, 1839. He was graduated from the 
high school of that city, in the same class with Hon. 
Thomas B. Reed, in 1856, and from the Waterville 
College, now Colby College, in i860. After spending 
four years in teaching, he entered Rochester Theological 
Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1867. He 
was immediately called to the pastorate of the North 
Church, Orange, N. J., where he was ordained, and re- 
mained two years. Such was his success as a preacher 
that in 1869 he was called to follow Henry G. Weston, 
d. d., now president of Crozer Theological Seminary, in 
the pastorate of the Madison Avenue Church, New 
York. Seven years previously the Oliver Street Church 
had united with the Madison Avenue Church, but when 
the courts decided that the Oliver Street Church was 
not legally the owner of the church property the latter 
withdrew with Doctor Elder, and built a new and 
spacious edifice on the corner of Sixty-fourth Street 



214 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

and Madison Avenue, and changed its name to the 
Baptist Church of the Epiphany. Doctor Elder's pas- 
torate in the city of New York extended over a period 
of twenty years. In September, 1890, he became 
pastor of his present charge, the Calvary Church, Al- 
bany. Thus it will be seen that in a period of thirty- 
three years he has had but three pastorates. As a 
preacher Doctor Elder holds a high rank among the 
ministers of the denomination. His sermons give evi- 
dence of patient and thorough research, and are not 
only evangelical, but inspiring and practical. Doctor 
Elder has held many positions of honor and trust in the 
great benevolent enterprises of the day. For several 
years he was a member of the Board of the Home Mis- 
sion Society and president of the New York City Bap- 
tist Mission Society. He has served the Missionary 
Union for the past five years as a member of the ex- 
ecutive committee, attending faithfully its fortnightly 
meetings in Boston. He was president of the Baptist 
Missionary Convention of the State of New York in 
1 884- 1 885. He received the degree of d. d. from 
Madison (now Colgate) University, in 1875. 

Robert Stuart Mac Arthur, d. d., ll. d. — He is 
one of the most successful and widely known ministers 
of the denomination. He was born in Dalesville, Prov- 
ince of Quebec, Canada, July 31, 1841, to which place 
his parents had migrated from Scotland. His father and 
mother were of ancient Highland stock, and they used 
in their conversation their ancestral Gaelic. His mother 
was a Stuart, and some members of the clan are able 
to trace the family line back to Prince Charles Edward 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 21 5 

Stuart, whose name is conspicuously linked with many 
popular Scottish songs. His parents were both of 
Presbyterian tradition and training ; but the mother, 
when quite young, came under the influence of the 
preaching of the celebrated Haldanes, and was led by 
conviction to unite with the Baptist church, after going 
to Canada. Doctor MacArthur was converted at the 
age of nine, and at the age of thirteen joined the church 
of his mother. When only sixteen he conducted re- 
ligious meetings, and spoke to the people with an unc- 
tion, force, and intelligence which foreshadowed the 
coming preacher. 

He prepared for college at Woodstock, Ontario, and 
was graduated from the University of Rochester in 
1867, and the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1870. 
As a scholar he took high rank, and was especially dis- 
tinguished for oratorical power. On May 12, 1870, im- 
mediately after his graduation, he entered upon the 
pastorate of the Calvary Baptist Church, New York, to 
which he had been called by the vote of the church on 
February 25. This position, his first and only pastorate, 
he has since filled. When he assumed the pastorate of 
the Calvary Church the congregation was small, and all 
the interests were in a waning condition. In a short 
time there were signs of improvement along all lines. 
The spacious edifice on West Twenty-third Street began 
to be crowded with earnest listeners. After a few years, 
because of encroaching business, the Twenty-third 
Street property was sold, and the magnificent edifice on 
Fifty-seventh Street, between Sixth and Seventh Ave- 
nues, was erected at a cost of $525,000. At the time 
it was the most costly church building ever erected by 



2l6 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Baptists on this continent. During Doctor MacArthur's 
pastorate the Calvary Church has given to beneficence 
nearly $2,000,000. 

In addition to ever-widening pastoral labors, Doctor 
MacArthur has been "in labors abundant" for the 
general public. He was for many years the regular 
correspondent of "The Standard," of Chicago, and a 
frequent contributor to many newspapers and literary 
magazines. He was editorially associated with "The 
Christian Inquirer" and the "Baptist Review." He 
has published several books that have obtained wide 
circulation. He has also compiled several hymn books 
of acknowledged merit. Doctor MacArthur has ac- 
quired a wide reputation as a popular lecturer, and is 
much in demand in every part of the country as a lec- 
turer and speaker at Chautauquas. In addition to all 
outside calls upon time and strength, he has been iden- 
tified with nearly all our denominational and interde- 
nominational missionary, educational, and philanthropic 
enterprises, and an earnest supporter of every good 
work. Nevertheless, it is as a preacher and pastor that 
he excels. It is his highest honor that he is a preacher 
of the gospel of Jesus Christ. He is a student of the 
Bible, and from its rich stores he brings his messages 
to his people. He believes the gospel to be a living 
reality, the master force in human conduct, the cause 
of all real victory, and the supreme element in the trans- 
formation of human life. His sermons are characterized 
by graceful diction, clearness of expression, richness of 
illustration, directness of appeal, and forcibleness of 
argument. His congregation unites all classes, and all 
are welcomed with equal cordiality. During his pastorate 




ROBERT STUART MacARTHUR. 



Page 2i5 



THE CONVENTION REORGANIZED 217 

Doctor MacArthur has received into church-fellowship 
more than 3,000 persons. Two colonies have been sent 
out to form new churches, and a flourishing mission is 
now carried on. The present membership of the church 
is 1,855. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- 
ferred upon Doctor MacArthur by the University of 
Rochester in 1880, and that of Doctor of Laws by 
Columbian University in 1896. He served as president 
of the State Missionary Convention for the year 1885- 
1886, succeeding Doctor Elder. 



CHAPTER XVIII 

A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESULTS 

EFFICIENT Leaders Essential. — The magnitude 
and strength of a missionary organization depend 
quite as much upon the character and efficiency of those 
who are in control as in the cause it represents. We 
rightly teach that people should join the church, not the 
pastor, and yet human nature is so constituted that the 
pastor counts for quite as much as the whole church, 
other things being equal, in attracting people to its wor- 
ship and in carrying on its work. The State Missionary 
Convention has always been blessed with good men in 
the lead. If there have been exceptions, they are un- 
known to the writer, but it must be confessed that some 
men are more especially fitted for leadership and have 
greater executive ability than others. Then too, favor- 
able conditions greatly enhance the results achieved by 
those who are selected as leaders. A good general may 
be so handicapped by the war department as to render 
futile his best-laid plans. 

New Administration. — The annual meeting at 
Poughkeepsie, in 1886, was of more than ordinary 
importance, as it was to make a change in the adminis- 
tration of the principal offices of president and secre- 
tary. For the previous two years the former office had 
sought men of age, experience, and distinction in the 
pastorate. J. F. Elder, d. d., and R. S. Mac Arthur, 
218 



A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESULTS 219 

d. d., men renowned for their ability as preachers and 
pastors, respectively served for one year in that capacity, 
but the calls in other directions were so great that they 
each in turn declined re-election. After much prayer- 
ful deliberation, and upon the earnest solicitation of his 
friends, Rev. John B. Calvert, the retiring secretary, 
was persuaded to accept the office. His first pastor, 
Rev. George H. Brigham, had much to do in bringing 
Mr. Calvert to this decision. His argument was so 
sensible that it deserves to be recorded in this connec- 
tion. "When your brethren think you capable of any 
work, and honor you with a commission to do it, it is 
always best to submit to their judgment." Equal 
anxiety was felt in the selecting of a secretary, but the 
Convention finally turned unanimously to Rev. H. W. 
Barnes, of whose admirable work more will be said on 
subsequent pages. As the results have proved, in both 
of these selections divine wisdom guided. These men 
have worked together in the greatest harmony, and the 
fruit of their labors has far exceeded the highest antici- 
pations. For fourteen years no other choice has been 
considered for these important positions. Every de- 
partment of the work has been enlarged and new lines 
have been inaugurated. 

Evangelistic Missionaries. — To the working force 
of the Convention have been added missionary evan- 
gelists, with no other duties than to preach in the most 
needy fields. Evangelistic conventions, conducted per- 
sonally by the secretary or by one of the district mis- 
sionaries, have been held in different parts of the State, 
in which evangelistic methods were discussed and efforts 



220 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

made to arouse a revival spirit among the pastors and 
churches. Missionary pastors have been stimulated to 
do evangelistic work on their own fields. This idea was 
not new, but a new impulse was given to this branch 
of Christian service, which had been too much neglected 
in the past. This revival of the work of soul-winning 
was speedily followed by its appropriate fruitage. The 
number of baptisms was increased, and churches were 
revived and made self-supporting that had long lan- 
guished in weakness and inefficiency. 

Evangelistic Work most Important. — It is a 
cause of regret that lack of funds has not allowed 
expansion in this particular work. From 1830 to 1843 
the missionaries of the Convention were especially blessed 
in the work of gathering in converts ; then came a sea- 
son of reaction, with results correspondingly depressing. 
Experience, as well as the word of God, shows conclu- 
sively that saving lost men is the first and most impor- 
tant work given to the church of Christ, and that no 
missionary enterprise fulfills the object of its existence 
that neglects this department of service. To this work 
Secretary Barnes gave his most earnest attention and 
untiring efforts. The report for 1887, the first year of 
his service as secretary, shows an encouraging increase 
in the number baptized, 747, at that time the largest 
number in one year since 1843. The whole number 
baptized from 1887 to 1898, inclusive of the two years 
named, was 10,028, by far the largest number for any 
twelve consecutive years in the history of the Conven- 
tion. Many others were converted to Christ who were 
subsequently baptized, or who united with other 



A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESULTS 221 

churches, concerning whom, of course, we have no 
record. Had the funds of the Convention equaled the 
opportunity and demand for a larger evangelistic force, 
these numbers, in all human probability, would have 
been much larger. Somebody will be held responsible 
at the judgment day for this failure. And what is true 
of State missions applies with equal force to all mis- 
sionary enterprise. When will the churches of Christ 
arise to meet their duty and high privileges in this work 
of the world's evangelization? 

Church-building Department. — Another new line 
of work was inaugurated in 1889, when, at the annual 
meeting, held in Hornellsville, a special committee on 
church-edifice work, of which Rev. George H. Brigham 
was chairman, made a report, after which the following 
resolutions were adopted : 

Resolved, That this Convention recommend to pastors, churches, 
and individuals to pay no heed to appeals for aid in building or 
repairing houses of worship, or payment of church debts, not en- 
dorsed by the Missionary Committee of the Association and the 
Executive Committee of the Convention. 

Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the Convention take 
into careful consideration the creation of a church-edifice fund, 
which should be available for aid in cases of real necessity in 
church-building enterprises in this State, and that funds available 
for such a purpose, by bequests or legacies, or in other ways, be 
received and held accordingly [and that measures to secure this 
end] have favorable consideration. 

The church-building department of the Home Mission 
Society has proved a missionary factor of large value. 
This is now beyond question. One strong argument in 
its favor is that the population of our country is increas- 



222 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ing much faster than the church-membership. The call 
for suitable houses of worship is beyond the ability of 
many small and dependent churches to supply. It is 
a fact not generally recognized, that New York and 
Pennsylvania lead the nation in the increase of popu- 
lation, being very nearly equal and far in advance of 
any other States in the Union. The increase in New 
York from 1870 to 1892 was 1,829,241, equal to the 
increase in the States of Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, 
North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, and Montana com- 
bined, and this period has been one of the greatest 
growth in the population and development of those 
States. To care for this large and increasing popula- 
tion in the West is certainly a duty that ought not to 
be neglected. To care for an equally large number in 
our own State is no less a duty, and because of the 
proximity of the people to be reached, the work should 
appeal with greater force to Baptists of the State. This 
ought to be done, while we do not leave the other 
undone. A good house of worship gives an indispen- 
sable basis for the building of a well-organized and suc- 
cessful church. The statement that there are already 
too many church buildings is not true. The entire seat- 
ing capacity of all the houses of worship in the State, 
of every name, was, in 1890, less than 3,000,000, or 
about one-half of the entire population, while sixty-four 
per cent, of the population were not connected with any 
religious organization, even Jewish or Catholic. If the 
churches were properly distributed, and all were wide- 
awake to seek and to save the lost, it would be found 
that a much larger number of church buildings would 
be necessary. 



A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESULTS 223 

Rapid Increase. — In 1891 only #350 was expended 
in the Church-building Department. In 1892 six 
churches were thus aided at an outlay of $2, 161. 88; 
while in 1898 the number of churches aided in church 
building was twenty-one, at an expense of #32,317.26, 
inclusive of what was raised in the immediate neighbor- 
hoods by the churches themselves. Of this sum, how- 
ever, not less than #8,000 was secured through the direct 
agency of the Convention. The whole number of 
churches aided since the organization of the depart- 
ment to October 1, 1899, is sixty-one, involving an ex- 
penditure of #162,223.08. The value of this work in 
special cases has been inestimable, and the importance 
of it is established beyond all question. So wisely has 
this department been administered, that many churches 
have been stimulated to larger efforts in their own be- 
half, accomplishing results believed impossible, thus win- 
ning self-respect as well as the respect of the people for 
whose benefit they labored. In this work the greatest 
care has been given to all the details, so that the funds 
contributed shall be secured to the denomination. The 
following rules have been rigidly adhered to : 

1. Appropriations are made only upon the recom- 
mendation of the missionary committee of the Asso- 
ciation, and after a careful investigation of each case 
by the secretary. 

2. Appropriations as to amount are conditioned upon 
the sum raised by the church applying. 

3. The church buildings must be kept well insured. 

4. The amount appropriated is forfeited if the church 
becomes extinct, or if it ceases to hold and teach the 
essential doctrines of the denomination. 



224 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

5. To secure these conditions a mortgage with a 
nominal annual payment of one dollar is executed to 
the Convention, collectable only when the above condi- 
tions are not complied with. 

In the inauguration of the Church-building Depart- 
ment, and the systematizing of the methods upon which 
its work is carried on, the counsel and legal services of 
James Duane Squires, Esq., proved of great value. 
Mr. Squires showed his interest by giving his services 
free and by attending the annual meetings whenever his 
duties would permit. He always manifested a deep in- 
terest in the progress of the Convention's work. His 
death occurred September 12, 1893. In his will he be- 
queathed $1,000 to his lifelong friend, President Cal- 
vert, which was constituted a Memorial Fund, to be 
perpetually used for the benefit of the Memorial Church 
at Cortland, his native town. Since Mr. Squires' death 
James C. Foley, Esq., an esteemed friend of the Con- 
vention and a member of the Emmanual Church, 
borough of Brooklyn, has acted as counsel for the 
society, also contributing his time and services free. 

Young People's Department. — Another advance 
movement was made at the annual meeting held in 
Lockport, in 1890, when the following resolution was 
offered by Rev. F. L. Anderson, of Rochester : 

Resolved, That we request the executive committee to take 
steps to secure a larger representation of our young people in the 
meetings of the Convention, and especially to consider the advis- 
ability of giving over one of the sessions of the Convention to 
them. 

After free discussion the resolution was referred to 



A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESUI/TS 225 

the executive committee, when on motion of Rev. H. 
W. Barnes, the following resolution was adopted : 

Resolved, That if the executive committee find it expedient to 
arrange for a session of the next annual meeting, devoted to the 
interests of the young people, they be authorized to do so, and to 
announce the fact in time for making suitable arrangements for 
the services. 

Agreeable to these resolutions, Secretary Barnes is- 
sued a circular October i, 1891, inviting all Baptist 
young people's societies, of whatever name or organiza- 
tion, to send delegates to the next annual meeting to 
be held in Oneida, October 27-29, 1891. This invita- 
tion to participate in the work of the State was given 
with the utmost frankness, heartiness, and unreserve. 
At that meeting, Thursday evening was given to the 
young people's session, and it proved to be an evening 
of great interest. 

Baptist Young People's Union. — At the Oneida 
meeting an informal committee was appointed to con- 
sider the wisdom of organizing a State Baptist Young 
People's Union. A call signed by fifty pastors and lay- 
men was sent out for a meeting to be held in Troy, 
June 24, 25, 1892, which was responded to by 365 
delegates, representing eighty-three societies, forty-eight 
under the title of Christian Endeavor, and thirty-nine 
bearing the name of Young People's Union of the State 
of New York. The keynote of the meeting was struck 
when Secretary Barnes suggested that the new organ- 
ization should seek close connection with the State Mis- 
sionary Convention. Dr. Henry C. Vedder strongly 
supported this position, and through his personal in- 



226 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

fluence and through " The Examiner " he greatly fur- 
thered the work as long as he remained in the State. 
It was decided to hold the next annual meeting of the 
State Baptist Young People's Union in connection with 
the Baptist Missionary Convention at Gloversville, Octo- 
ber 26, 27, 1892, and thereafter to hold the annual meet- 
ings in connection with the Convention's anniversaries. 
This suggestion was adopted, and the first annual meet- 
ing was called at 8.30 a. m. on Wednesday, October 26 ; 
again at 8.30 a. m. on Thursday; and it also occupied 
all of Thursday evening. The first officers of the State 
Young People's Union were : president, Mr. Frank 
Harvey Field, New York ; first vice-president, Rev. 
Benj. L. Herr, Binghamton ; second vice-president, 
Rev. Cortland Myers, Syracuse ; secretary, Mr. Henry 
J. Ronalds, New York ; assistant secretary, Miss May 
Ivers, New York ; treasurer, Rev. C. A. Barbour, Ro- 
chester. The first Board of managers was : A. S. 
Hobart, d. d., Yonkers ; Rev. R. I. Gaines, Brooklyn ; 
Prof. Ralph W. Thomas, Hamilton ; Rev. D. H. Cooper, 
Lockport ; Rev. E. E. Chivers, Buffalo ; Rev. W. H. 
Main, Buffalo ; Rev. Leighton Williams, New York ; 
Mr. Henry C. Vedder, New York; Mr. J. S. Burr, 
Gloversville. Since that date the meetings of the 
Young People's Union of the State of New York have 
been a part of the State anniversaries, and have con- 
tributed their share to the interest and enthusiasm of 
those occasions. Mornay Williams, Esq., of New York, 
served as president for five years, his annual address 
being the feature of the young people's session. Rev. 
F. M. Goodchild, pastor of the Central Church, New 
York, was elected president in 1899. 



A NEW ERA AND LARGER RESULTS 227 

General Advance. — While these new lines of work 
have been instituted, the general work of the Conven- 
tion has shown a large growth. The year 1886 was one 
full of encouragement, and of remarkable advance on 
previous years. The annual report showed 287 sta- 
tions occupied, 3,106 weeks of service, 8,177 sermons 
preached, and 549 baptisms, with an income of $13,- 
093.80. Ten years later, in 1896, 567 stations were 
reported, with 5,177 weeks of service, 14,142 sermons 
preached, 1,300 baptisms, with receipts of $22,373.82 
for the general work, and for the church-building fund, 
$21,081.23, making the large sum, exclusive of loans, 
on the credit side of the treasurer's books, $43,455.05. 
As the aggregate results for the twelve years, from 1886 
to 1898, there have been 46,738 weeks (nearly 899 years) 
of service, in which 124,998 sermons were preached, 85,- 
163 prayer meetings attended, 256,508 religious visits 
made, and 10,028 persons baptized. There was ex- 
pended for the general work, $224,728.87. These fig- 
ures do not and cannot tell the whole story. They 
are, however, indicative of the general advance made 
during this period. The largest number of baptisms 
reported in any one of these years was 1,455 m 1894, 
which has been exceeded but once in the history of the 
Convention, during the great revival in 1843, when, as 
has been already recorded, the number reached 1,857. 

Unrecorded Work. — The number of baptisms, while 
an occasion for profound gratitude, does not always in- 
dicate the amount of work done, or the faithfulness of 
the workers. The Convention undertakes to help the 
churches in every possible way. Its general secretary 



228 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

is indefatigable in personal labors in every part of the 
State, now looking after abandoned church property, 
now counseling a church in trouble, now helping to 
raise a church debt, now devising ways and means for 
the building of a meeting-house, or holding a series of 
evangelistic services. The district missionaries are 
working in a similar way on their fields, according to 
their ability. No one outside of this company, except, 
perhaps, members of the Executive Committee, can have 
any conception of the vast amount of unrecorded labor 
performed by these men. Most loyally have the presi- 
dent and Executive Committee supported the working 
force in the field. If the churches will give as liberally 
of their own moral and financial support, with the as- 
sured blessing of God, the work of the past will be but 
an earnest of still greater things to come. 



CHAPTER XIX 

THE FORCES IN THE FIELD 

EVANGELISTIC Missionaries. — " They went 
forth, and preached everywhere, the Lord work- 
ing with them, and confirming the word with signs 
following " (Mark 16 : 20). The world takes cog- 
nizance of men only. The believer recognizes God's 
presence and power in the evangelization of the world, 
God first and always the great unseen Helper, but man 
the visible agent through whom his mighty force 
operates. God could do the work alone were that the 
wisest way. He has chosen to use men, to give them 
a share in the work that they might share with him in 
the glory. It is the highest honor ever conferred on 
the sons of men that he has bestowed upon them this 
grace of being " workers together with God " in the sal- 
vation of souls. In writing the history of missions we are 
obliged to make prominent the human element because 
man is the visible agent, but we must loyally ascribe to 
" Him, for whom are all things and by whom are all 
things," the power that alone is efficient " in bringing 
many sons unto glory." We have, however, a divine 
precedent in recording the deeds of men. The Bible 
is largely made up of the biography and experience of 
men. The two elements, the divine and the human, are 
everywhere blended in the sacred volume. 

In the history of the Missionary Convention we have 
seen that evangelistic missionaries have been an im- 

229 



230 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

portant factor in the work performed. It is proper that 
the names of some of this class of workers should be 
recorded. The following brethren, in the order named, 
have served as evangelistic missionaries during the pres- 
ent administration : Rev. J. Cassie Brand, now mission- 
ary in Japan, and Mr. Alexander Caldwell, his helper in 
the service of song, were instrumental in opening and 
re-establishing worship in the long-closed Baptist meet- 
ing-house at Niagara Falls. 

Rev. George Fisher, who in 1869 performed accepta- 
ble service as district missionary of the northeastern 
district, and was through many years a member of the 
Board and a loyal supporter of the Convention, gave 
parts of the years 1887, 1888, and 1889 to this work. 
Mr. Fisher was born in Norwich, England, December 10, 
181 5. At the age of thirteen he came with his parents 
to America and settled near Utica. He was educated 
at Clinton Liberal Institute and Hamilton College, and 
afterward engaged in teaching for several years. He 
was ordained at Burke, January 5, 1844. His succeed- 
ing pastorates were Fort Ann, Monroe, Fort Edward, 
Northville, Galway, East Galway, Johnstown, and New- 
port. In connection with his pastorates he supplied the 
churches at Norway, Jordanville, and Stratford. He was 
a large-hearted, genial Christian gentleman, who pos- 
sessed sound judgment and was everywhere esteemed 
for his high moral virtues and spotless life. He died at 
Clayville, November 3, 1897. 

Others who engaged for longer or shorter terms of 
service during portions of the year were Rev. Messrs. 
M. P. Forbes, W. B. Olin, W. B. Mayo, A. A. Layton, 
W. J. Reed, P. M. McLeod, and R. H. Colby. Messrs. 



THE FORCES IN THE FIELD 23 1 

George A. Beers and Alphonse Paquette, botn now in 
the pastorate, performed acceptable service for two or 
three terms as evangelistic singers and helpers in the 
work. Mr. and Mrs. E. Sawyer, and Rev. and Mrs. W. 
D. Fowler, assisted in similar service in 1888 and 1889. 
In 1 89 1 we find the names of Rev. Messrs. W. H. Bat- 
son, N. W. Wolcott, A. S. Thompson, D. J. Bailey, and' 
Mr. H. A. Payne added to the list. In 1892 Revs. Wil- 
liam Rownd and E. H. Hovey were appointed, the for- 
mer continuing in service four years. In 1893 the 
names of Rev. Messrs. J. M. Blanchard and E. L. Wil- 
lis were added. The latter is still actively engaged in 
the work and has proved to be a faithful and efficient 
helper. In 1894 Rev. Messrs. S. J. Cunnings and F. 
A. Vinal received appointment, the former laboring 
principally in western New York, and the latter mis- 
sionary at large, whose term of service continued four 
years. Rev. F. J. Salmon gave a year between two 
pastorates of most efficient service to this work. Under 
his care the church at Van Etten, that had been for years 
in a state of suspended animation, was greatly revived, 
many persons were converted, and the church has since 
enjoyed regular services. Rev. C. L. Bonham gave a 
year and a half of acceptable service in 1895 and 1896. 
His labors at Newfield were especially blessed in the 
awakening of souls and the re-opening of a house of wor- 
ship that for twelve years had been closed to nearly all 
religious services, and in reorganizing the church, which 
is now engaged in active work under the lead of a good 
pastor. Rev. L. J. Long has shown himself an efficient 
evangelist for several years and still continues in the 
service. Messrs. W. H. Barrett, W. K. Towner, and 



232 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

H. H. Miller proved valuable helpers in the service of 
song. Mr. Barrett and Mr. Towner have since entered 
the Christian ministry and are doing good work, the 
former as an evangelist and the latter in the pastorate. 
The value of the services rendered by these men is be- 
yond human estimate. The great regret is that lack of 
funds prevents an expansion of this branch of the work. 

District Missionaries. — The labors of these men 
have always been held in high esteem by the denomina- 
tion in the State. Their work, as has been already in- 
dicated, is so varied in character that it is difficult in a 
single paragraph to describe it. These men, as a rule, 
have no vacations. The care of all the dependent 
churches on the field occupied by each is continuous. 
The demand on their time and strength is large at all 
times, but greatest in those seasons when, in addition 
to other work, there is a special call for evangelistic 
meetings, many places often simultaneously desiring 
their services. 

The following brethren have engaged in this branch 
of service since the reorganization of the Convention 
in 1874: Rev. Messrs. C. W. Brooks, S. J. Douglass, J. 
B. Van Housen, M. L. Bennett, A. Reynolds, W. Hump- 
stone, C. M. Tower, H. W. Barnes, C. M. Jones, and H. 
B. Hudson. Messrs. Douglass and Van Housen ren- 
dered acceptable service one year each in the south- 
eastern district. These brethren have since done ex- 
cellent work in the pastorate. The latter has recently, 
on account of age, honorably retired from active min- 
isterial duties. Rev. M. L. Bennett was appointed to 
the northeastern district May 1, 1879, and continued in 




WILLIAM HUMPSTONE 
C M. JONES. 



ANDERSON REYNOLDS. 
C. M. TOWER 

Page 232. 



THE FORCES IN THE FIELD 233 

the service for thirteen months, leaving a good record 
of work. 

Rev. A. Reynolds was appointed for the southeast- 
ern district April 1, 1880, and continued in service 
for five years, when to the regret of his many friends 
he was compelled, by impaired health, to retire. He 
occupied 236 stations, preached 1,201 sermons, at- 
tended 1,188 prayer meetings, and baptized 189. Rev. 
Anderson Reynolds was born in Benton, Lackawanna 
County, Pa., April 6, 1826. He was converted and 
baptized in the same place at the age of ten years. His 
first pastorate was at Maple Hill, Pa., where he was or- 
dained in 1855. His other pastorates were Harpurs- 
ville, Hancock, Oneonta, Oxford, Oneida, Union, and 
Marathon, in the State of New York ; Providence and 
Honesdale, in Pa. ; Damascus, N. Y. ; and Pittston, Pa. 
Mr. Reynolds was a man of engaging manners, who 
easily won the affections of the people. To know him 
was to love him. He has left an excellent record of 
work, and, more than all, a hallowed influence that will 
abide. He was for many years shut in by a painful ill- 
ness, which was borne with Christian resignation. His 
last residence was with his son in Kansas City, Mo., 
where he died February 13, 1900. 

In May, 1882, Rev. William Humpstone, for several 
years an efficient evangelist in New York, was appointed 
to the northeastern district, and continued to fill that 
position most acceptably for four years, when at his own 
request he was transferred to the southeastern district, 
where he continued until October, 1890, covering a 
period in all of eight years and five months. During 
this period he occupied 331 stations, preached i,< 



234 N ^W YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

sermons, attended 1,809 prayer meetings, made 3,902 
visits, and was instrumental in bringing into the churches 
464 by baptism, a remarkable record. Mr. Humpstone 
was a preacher of more than ordinary ability, had a 
vigorous body, and was capable of great physical endur- 
ance. Few men at his age could have performed such 
a vast amount of work. He was born in Chester, Eng- 
land, in 1823, and was born again at Bethesda Chapel, 
Pendleton, Manchester, in 1847, and began to preach 
the same night to his wife, mother, and sisters, all of 
whom were converted to God under his ministry. From 
that time he continued to preach everywhere, as oppor- 
tunity afforded, with blessed results. For several years 
he labored at his own charge. Subsequently he gave 
up all secular business, and devoted his entire time to 
evangelistic work, and always with blessed results. In 
1864 he came to America, arriving in Philadelphia the 
day before Thanksgiving. On Thanksgiving Day he 
worshiped with the Baptist church at the Falls of 
Schuylkill. This church he joined, and there he was 
licensed to preach as a regular Baptist minister. From 
this time he was engaged principally in evangelistic 
work, serving only short terms in the pastorate. His 
work everywhere was attended with blessed results. 
For about three years he served the church of the Holy 
Trinity, Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, pastor, as an evangelist, 
and organized the first "Andrew and Philip Society" 
with twenty-two members, which in three years grew to 
998, of which number fifteen became ministers of the 
gospel. This organization is known as " The Brother- 
hood of Saint Andrew." During this time about 3,000 
souls were converted. He is the father of John Hump- 






THE FORCES IN THE FIELD 235 

stone, d. d., of the borough of Brooklyn, who, as pastor 
and as member of the Board of the Convention, has 
been a valued supporter of the work. Mr. Humpstone 
is now living in quiet retirement at Fultonville, N. Y. 
Few men have spent a life of more intense activity in 
the work of the Christian ministry. 

Rev. C. M. Tower was appointed to the northeastern 
district November 1, 1887, and still continues on this 
difficult field. During the last twelve years he occu- 
pied 849 stations, preached 2,886 sermons, attended 
2,903 prayer and other services not otherwise noted, and 
made 8,557 visits, and baptized 691 persons. Mr. Tower 
is peculiarly adapted to this work, and has shown great 
efficiency in it. He was born in Lenox, Susquehanna 
County, Pa., June 19, 1844. He belongs to a family of 
preachers. His father, Rev. Rial Tower, had three 
sons, two sons-in-law, and three grandsons, who have 
entered the Christian ministry. Mr. Tower was con- 
verted at nine years of age, and was baptized by his 
father at Lenox, Pa., September 5, 1858, and ordained 
at his home church, April 12, 1871. He served as 
pastor of the churches at Dunnings, Benton Center, and 
Jackson Summit, in Pennsylvania, and North Hector, 
N. Y. For two years he was financial agent of Key- 
stone Academy. Mr. Tower is still in the prime of life, 
and it is hoped that he will have many years of large 
usefulness. 

Rev. C. M. Jones was appointed a missionary at large 
December 1, 1892, but was designated to the south- 
eastern district in 1893, and still continues to fill that 
position with manifest ability. He is a sturdy, compact, 
energetic, indefatigable worker, of Welsh extraction, a 



236 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

people who have given to the world more preachers in 
proportion to their numbers than any other. In the 
seven years he has served the Convention he has occu- 
pied 659 stations, preached 2,105 sermons, attended 
735 prayer meetings, made 3,875 visits, and added to 
the churches 942 by baptism. 

Rev. H. B. Hudson was appointed district mission- 
ary, in 1898, for the Long Island district, where he did 
good work. In June, 1899, he became missionary pas- 
tor at New Brighton, Staten Island, taking up a very 
important work on a difficult field. He is a scholarly 
preacher, and is much esteemed by all who know him. 

Rev. C. W. Brooks received his first appointment as 
district missionary, March 1, 1869. His term of serv- 
ice, excepting about twenty-one months, covers a period 
of thirty-one years, the longest of any missionary of 
the Convention to this time (October, 1900). The rec- 
ord of twenty-five of these years shows 783 stations 
occupied, 5,386 sermons preached, 6,696 prayer meet- 
ings and other devotional services attended, 8,812 visits 
made, 789 added to the churches by baptism, and 120,- 
000 miles traveled. The annual report of the Board 
presented at Rochester, October 24, 1894, contains this 
reference to Mr. Brooks' labors : 

Rev. C. W. Brooks is, so far as we know, the only missionary 
whose services cover all this period (twenty years). His first com- 
mission was dated March 1, 1869. He was one of the first dis- 
trict missionaries, and has been under commission, with the ex- 
ception of June, 1873, to April, 1875, since that date. He re- 
turned to the work in April following the reorganization. His 
first work as a district missionary was to hold evangelistic serv- 
ices in Rochester, with what was then the Lake Avenue Mission. 
There were but two organized English-speaking Baptist churches 



• 




C W< BROOKS. 



Page 237. 



THE FORCES IN THE FIELD 237 

in the city at that time, with a membership of 1,279. Rochester 
has now ten English-speaking Baptist churches with a member- 
ship of 3,645. During the early years of his work he was cor- 
responding secretary for his district, and during some of the time 
acting corresponding secretary and general manager for the whole 
State. He was evangelist and general caretaker on his field. 
No man ever rendered more devoted, earnest, prayerful, or valu- 
able services in such a position than he, and endeared himself to 
thousands in his work. He assisted, or presided, at the organiza- 
tion of the churches at Moravia, Canisteo, Addison, Genoa, and 
Bloods, in New York ; Coudersport, Roulette, Oswayo, Sabins- 
ville, and Sayre, in Pennsylvania. These Pennsylvania churches 
were connected with New York Associations, but have since formed 
their connection with Pennsylvania Associations. He was meas- 
urably instrumental in the restoration of the Wolcott and Lyons 
churches, and has apparently, under the blessing of God, saved 
many others from dying. The summary of his work for the first 
twenty years of his connection with the Convention shows that he 
served at 672 stations, preached 4,805 sermons, attended 5,650 
prayer meetings, made 7,042 religious visits, and baptized 762 
converts. These are like mountain peaks, with a great deal that 
does not show, lying between. 

Charles Wesley Brooks, son of Samuel and Dorothy 
Leonard Brooks, was born in Solon, Cortland County, 
N. Y., August 25, 1836. His parents were pious 
people, and members of the Baptist church. The 
father served as deacon for many years. In his four- 
teenth year the son was converted, and baptized in 
August, 1852, at East Pharsalia, by Rev. Lewis Law- 
ton, for many years the esteemed pastor of that church, 
— a mission church and a missionary pastor. He early 
developed a great thirst for knowledge, and began the 
study of algebra, Latin, and Greek, without a teacher, 
while working on a farm. From the age of eighteen, 
by dint of hard work on the farm in summer and teach- 



238 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ing in the winter, he was able to get a few months each 
year in the high school, and at Norwich Academy. 
July 2, 1858, he completed his last term at the academy 
with the hope, which could not be realized, of entering 
college. He did not, however, abandon study, but 
afterward continued Latin and Greek, adding theology, 
with Rev. William Gates, of Whitney's Point, N. Y., 
an able linguist and experienced teacher. Mr. Brooks 
was licensed to preach by his mother church, July 10, 
1859, an d was ordained in Triangle, Broome County, 
N. Y., July 1 6, 1 862. He served as pastor of the churches 
at Killawog, two years ; Triangle, four years ; East Cam- 
eron and Woodhull, three years. He resigned the last 
pastorate, in 1869, against the earnest protest of both 
congregations, to enter the service of the Missionary 
Convention, being, as he believed, divinely called to the 
work. Having been greatly blessed in a series of evan- 
gelistic meetings in Watkins, in December, 1869, he 
felt constrained by the poverty of the church to devote 
a large portion of his time to the work there. In April, 
1875, he re-entered the work of the Missionary Con- 
vention as district missionary of the western district, 
as has already been stated, and since that day he has 
persistently refused all other calls, some of them tempt- 
ing, and has devoted his whole time, so far as health 
and strength would permit, to this work to which he has 
given his utmost energies, and which has the strongest 
hold on his affections. 



CHAPTER XX 

PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 

CHANGE of Policy. — During the last fourteen 
years there has been a decided broadening of the 
policy of the Missionary Convention and an enlarge- 
ment of the sphere of its work. A fraternal sympathy 
with all other State organizations has been developed, 
and the Convention has become a center about which 
gather all denominational interests of the State, educa- 
tional, missionary, publication, woman's societies, and 
young people's work. The plan of work has been re- 
organized. The revised Constitution of 1874 confined 
the objects of the Convention to denominational in- 
terests within the State. At the annual meeting held 
in Rochester, in 1 894, Article 2 of the Constitution was 
amended by adding Section 5, which reads as follows : 
" To quicken and develop interest in the work of our 
general denominational societies." At the same meet- 
ing the plan of work was changed to correspond with 
this new order by amending the clause of Article 6 of 
the Constitution, referring to the appointment of com- 
mittees, so that instead of three committees of three 
each, it read as follows : 

Four committees of thirteen each shall be elected annually by 
the Convention, on the nomination of the Executive Committee to 
the Board for the preceding year, namely : (1) A Committee on 
Missions, Home and Foreign, and Bible work. (2) A Committee 
on Education. (3) A Committee on Young People. (4) A Com- 
mittee on Sunday-schools. 

239 



240 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

At the annual meeting in 1899 the Constitution and 
By-Laws were amended, according to the provisions of 
the Constitution, by omitting " A Committee on Young 
People's Work." 

Present Constitution and By-Laws of the Convention. 

Article i. Delegates annually chosen by the Baptist Churches 
and Associations of the State of New York, the Missionary Com- 
mittees of Associations, together with those persons who have 
heretofore been constituted Life Directors and Life or Honorary 
Members, shall constitute this Society — to be known as the 
"Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York." 

Art. 2. The objects of the Convention shall be as follows : 

1. To promote the preaching of the gospel, and the estab- 
lishment and maintenance of Baptist churches, and the 
construction and care of Baptist church properties in the 
State of New York. 

2. To encourage the common educational interests of the de- 
nomination within the State. 

3. The general care and encouragement of denominational 
Sunday-school work. 

4. To promote denominational acquaintance, fellowship, and 
growth. 

5. To quicken and develop interest in the work of our gen- 
eral denominational societies. 

Art. 3. This Convention shall meet annually on the fourth 
Wednesday in October, or at such time as the Convention may 
formally direct ; provided, that the President shall have power, 
upon the written request of not less than seven members, to alter 
the time and place of an annual meeting. 

Art. 4. Any church may appoint delegates, and every Associa- 
tion shall be entitled to one delegate for every four churches in- 
cluded in it, a part of which delegates shall be laymen. 

Art. 5. The officers of this Convention shall be a President, 
two Vice-Presidents, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, and 
a Recording Secretary, who shall be elected annually. There 
shall be likewise thirty Directors, one-third of whom, after the 




ROBERT BRUCE HULL. 
THEODORE E. SCHULTE. 



WILLIAM C. BITTING 
L. J. P. BISHOP? 

Page 240 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 24 1 

first election, shall be elected annually. All of these Officers and 
Directors shall be members, in good standing, of regular Baptist 
churches. All elections shall be by ballot. These Officers and 
Directors shall constitute a Board of Managers for this Conven- 
tion, of which the President shall be, ex officio, the Chairman, 
and the Corresponding Secretary the Clerk. At the first election 
of Directors, they shall be elected in classes for one, two and 
three years. One-third, at least, of the Directors shall always be 
laymen. One-third of the Board of Managers shall be a quorum. 
The Board shall have power to fix the salary of the Corresponding 
Secretary, and to fill all vacancies occurring in its body by ap- 
pointments to hold until the next meeting of the Convention. 

Art. 6. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention 
the Board shall meet and appoint an Executive Committee of 
nine, who shall have charge of the missionary work, appoint and 
commission all missionaries, appropriate all moneys, instruct and 
co-operate with the Corresponding Secretary in all the work of the 
Convention, and the Executive Committee shall be, ex officio, the 
Trustees of the Convention for all real estate and personal prop- 
erty transactions, including the mortgaging or sale of real estate, 
and shall be officially represented by the President and Treasurer. 
The Missionary Committees of the several Associations in the 
State shall constitute so many Advisory Committees, to confer and 
co-operate with the Executive Committee on mission work within 
their respective bounds. These committees shall make a report 
of the status of the work on their fields to the Executive Commit- 
tee on or before October first in each year. 

Three committees of thirteen each shall be elected annually by 
the Convention, on the nomination of the Executive Committee 
to the Board for the preceding year, namely : 

1. A Committee on Missions, Home and Foreign, and Bible 
Work. 

2. A Committee on Education. 

3. A Committee on Sunday-schools. 

These committees shall be composed of members from all sec- 
tions of the State, and with a view to representing Associations or 
groups of Associations. 

It shall be the duty of these committees, each member in his 

Q 



242 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

assigned district and in co-operation with the secretaries of our 
various societies, to bring before the churches, in every possible 
way, the claims and needs of the interests represented, and to 
secure contributions for the same from all the churches in their 
district. These committees shall meet before the adjournment of 
the Convention at which they are elected, to elect their officers 
and arrange their plan of work, and shall present at the next 
annual meeting a report of work done. 

The Executive Committee shall have power to fill any vacancies 
occurring in its membership during any Convention year, or in 
the offices of Corresponding Secretary or Treasurer. 

Art. 7. This Convention shall have power, at any annual meet- 
ing, to alter or amend this Constitution by a three-fourths vote of the 
members present ; provided, notice of the proposed change shall 
have been given at the previous annual meeting, and shall have 
been printed in the minutes ; or, provided, the proposed change 
be unanimously requested by the Board. 

By-Laws. 

1. Appropriations for missionary service shall be made to mis- 
sionaries and not to churches. 

2. In the annual meetings of the Convention at least one ses- 
sion shall be given to each of the three causes of Education, Sun- 
day-schools, and Young People' s Work ; and at least two sessions, 
not including an annual sermon, to the mission work and other 
ordinary business of the body. 

3. No objects other than those provided for by the Constitu- 
tion shall be presented at the annual meetings, unless by the 
unanimous consent of the Convention. 

4. The proceedings of the Convention shall be regulated by the 
ordinary rules governing deliberative assemblies. 

5. The President shall nominate all committees, unless other- 
wise ordered by the Convention. 

6. There shall be the following committees : 

(1) On Arrangements for the present session. 

(2) On Arrangements for the next session. 

(3) To nominate Officers and Directors. 

(4) On Communications from Associations. 




LEWIS E. GURLEY. 
W. E. PROCTOR. 



JUSTUS MILLER. 
F. W. TAYLOR. 

Page 242. 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 243 

(5) To prepare a list of Officers, Members, and Delegates 
present. 
7. The minutes shall be read and approved before the rising 
of the Convention. 

All the Associations have come into line, and are now 
co-operating with the Convention. A spirit of harmony 
pervades every department, and there is a growing en- 
thusiasm on the part of the churches in support of the 
work. 

The Work Supported. — Probably never in the his- 
tory of the Convention has a larger number of pastors 
shown a deeper interest and sympathy with the State 
mission work than during the present administration. 
To name all who have rendered valuable service in this 
direction would be impossible, yet to pass those by 
who have given time and strength as members of 
the Board and Executive Committee would not be ad- 
missible. Rev. Drs. MacArthur and Sanders, who so 
loyally supported the administration of Doctor Bright, 
have not abated their interest. These brethren have 
been members of the Board twenty-nine and twenty- 
three years respectively. Rev. Dr. L. A. Crandall 
proved a devoted friend until called to a pastorate in 
another State. Rev. Dr. R. B. Hull has served on the 
Executive Committee since 1877, and has rarely missed 
a meeting. Rev. Dr. John Humpstone faithfully served 
in the same capacity for twelve years. Rev. Dr. W. C. 
Bitting has served on this committee since 1889, and 
has rarely been absent from a meeting. His counsels 
have always been helpful and have shown a wide knowl- 
edge of the work. Rev. Dr. A. S. Hobart, has also 



244 NI $ W YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

rendered valuable service. Two efficient and long-time 
members of the committee, Rev. H. S. Day and Deacon 
Samuel T. Hillman, have passed away. 

Some others of those who have been, or are members 
of the Board, on account of long and faithful service de- 
serve special mention, of whom are A. C. Osborn, d. d. ; 
E. T. Hiscox, D. d. ; L. M. S. Haynes, d. d. ; D. C. Eddy, 
d. d., of blessed memory; Rev. H. W. Sherwood; E. 
E. Chivers, d. d. ; Wallace Buttrick, d. d. ; and Albert 
Coit, d. d., who has served as a member of the Board 
for twenty-eight years. Among the laymen who have 
been faithful members of the Board were Hon. L. E. 
Gurley and Deacon F. W. Taylor, vice-presidents, who 
have both passed away, leaving a large vacancy in the 
churches they served and in the denominational circles 
with which they were identified. Another whose loss is 
deeply felt is Deacon Horace Waters, who was a mem- 
ber of the Board and a liberal contributor to the treasury. 
Brethren Joseph Brokaw, E. L. Marston, D. A. Wood- 
bury, W. W. Whitman, W. M. Van Antwerp, W. E. 
Proctor, T. Kingsford, Jerome Preston, R. W. Noble, 
P. C. Daniels, Justus Miller, S. S. Hatt, F. E. Bronson, 
George H. Dutcher, Byron E. Huntley, are well known 
for their works' sake. Joseph Brokaw, Justus Miller, 
and Deacon D. A. Manro have passed to their reward. 
There are others, doubtless, equally worthy of mention, 
whose names are perhaps not so widely known, but who 
have rendered equally loyal service to the Convention. 

Financial Helpers. — In addition to those just 
named, who have not only served as members of the 
Board, but have been also liberal contributors to the 




JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER. 



Page 245., 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 245 

funds, there has been a constantly increasing number 
of sustaining members who have given freely to the 
work. Some of these are women, whose names are 
worthy of record. Mrs. H. M. Randall, who has been 
mentioned elsewhere, by her contributions while living, 
and by will after her death, made the largest contribu- 
tion, with one exception, that has ever come into the 
treasury. Mrs. C. C. Bishop, Mrs. John Smitzer, Miss 
J. P. Tomlinson, and others, have been loyal helpers in 
the work. Senator Blakeslee, who recently died at the 
age of one hundred years, six months, and five days, 
gave at different times, in the last decade, not less than 
$ 1,000 to the treasury of the Convention. 

The name of John D. Rockefeller, whose benefactions 
have been without a parallel in the history of the de- 
nomination, is worthy of special mention. For several 
years he has added twenty-five per cent, to the contri- 
butions of all other living donors for the general fund, 
and a like or larger proportion to the building fund. 
His contributions to the treasury of the Missionary 
Convention in eleven years amounted to $57,464.60. 
Mr. Rockefeller was born July 8, 1839, at Richford, 
Tioga County, N. Y., and began his career as a poor 
boy, who was obliged to work his own way in the world. 
He was baptized in April, 1854, into the fellowship of 
the Erie Street Baptist Church, Cleveland, Ohio. While 
working for very small wages he began systematically 
to give one-tenth of his income to the cause of Christ, 
and from that time has faithfully adhered to the plan of 
systematic beneficence. He has ever manifested a deep 
interest in all forms of mission work. Secretary H. W. 
Barnes was a schoolmate of Mr. Rockefeller in Owego, 



246 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

N. Y., and Mr. Rockefeller has always followed his 
work and evinced a deep interest in it. Probably there 
is no man in America who gives more widely, more 
wisely, more unostentatiously, and more munificently 
than Mr. Rockefeller. Other men have been posses- 
sors of great wealth, but few use it so largely for the' 
promotion of the cause of religion and higher education. 

Mr. Theodore E; Schulte. — The duties of the 
treasurer have never been a sinecure. Contributions 
from the churches, Sunday-schools, and individuals, 
coming in all through the year, require painstaking 
attention. Mr. Barnes performed these duties for one 
year in connection with his work as secretary. In 1887, 
Mr. T. R. Jones, manager of the New York Branch of 
the Publication Society, was elected treasurer, and filled 
the office with great acceptance until his removal to 
Washington, D. C, where he is connected with a large 
banking house. Mr. Schulte, his successor as manager of 
the Publication Society's Branch in New York, was elected 
his successor as treasurer. The large increase in the 
contributions for the general work, the care of the funds 
of the church-building department, and custody of trust 
funds, impose a great burden and responsibility on the 
treasurer. Mr. Schulte has cheerfully and faithfully 
performed this service. Always obliging, his abundant 
good nature has endeared him to pastors and churches 
all over the State. Previous to the present administra- 
tion there were no trust funds. In his work as secre- 
tary, Doctor Calvert made special effort to impress the 
need upon the brethren. District Missionaries Brooks, 
Tower, and Jones have kept it before the people on 




JOHN THORN. 



Page 247. 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 247 

their fields. As a result of these efforts, and as an 
indication of confidence in the management and work 
of the Missionary Convention, in April, 1891, a legacy 
was received of $21,000 from the estate of Mrs. Helen 
M. Randall, of William sville. Mrs. Randall, previous 
to her death, in response to a communication from Mr. 
Brooks, had written a letter expressing her sympathy 
with the work, enclosing a check of $200. July 8, of 
the same year (1891), a legacy of $5,000 from the estate 
of Isaac Briggs, of West Danby, was added to the trust 
fund, while from the same source accrued interest 
amounting to $1,820 was paid into the general fund. 
The climax of the annual meeting of that year was 
reached when, following the report of the treasurer, the 
following note was read by the secretary : 

Utica, N. Y., October 27, 1891. 
Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York : 
Gentlemen : Herewith I hand you my check for five thousand 
dollars ($5,000), to be perpetually invested as a fund known as 
the Mrs. John Thorn Memorial Fund, and the income expended 
for the general purposes of the Convention. Mrs. Thorn's de- 
cease occurred April 23, 1891, at Utica. She had been a mem- 
ber of the Tabernacle Church for fifty-eight years. 

John Thorn, 
of Tabernacle Church, Utica. 

Mr. Joseph Wild later gave $5,000. Subsequently 
Mr. Mason Springstead contributed $4,000, making the 
total trust funds $38,000. 

Trust Funds. — Too much emphasis cannot be placed 
upon the value of the plan adopted by the Missionary 
Convention of accepting trust funds, the donor, when 



248 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

so stipulating, to receive an annuity for life, thus mak- 
ing the Convention in fact a savings bank, and secur- 
ing to the Convention such sums of money as might 
otherwise be named in a will, which is always subject 
to the uncertainty of contest in settlement of an estate. 
In one instance the writer secured for the Convention a 
legacy of $2,150, which was lost through legal techni- 
cality in the probate of the will, and the wishes of the 
testator were not only never realized, but his money went 
just where he had expressly desired that it should not go 
and where it was of little benefit to those receiving it. 

Recording Secretary.— This important office was 
ably filled for twenty-two years by Deacon Samuel T. 
Hillman, of New York, who also rendered valuable serv- 
ice as a member of the Executive Committee, and never 
after his election to that office was absent from an an- 
nual meeting until called away by his death, which oc- 
curred at Deland, Florida, April 6, 1895. The annual 
report for that year has this tribute to his worth. 

Brother Hillman had served the Convention in a double, if not 
indeed, in a triple capacity. His face and form became as famil- 
iar to the annual delegates as any in the State, and his services 
were absolutely acceptable to all. None was more widely known 
or more heartily welcomed than he. He was to a considerable 
extent the wise, tender, helpful, and hopeful fosterer of the mis- 
sionary churches wherever he went. Was he enjoying a summer 
outing on the St. Lawrence, he made himself the caretaker and 
servant of the church at Clayton, giving them cheer and courage 
which those associated with him will never forget. Many a weary 
toiler has felt the touch of his cheery spirit and been helped by 
his word of hopefulness. Every honest worker for Christ, how- 
ever humble his station, or limited his advantages, was prized by 
him and greeted as a brother. 




JOSEPH WILD. 



Page 248 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 249 

Since Deacon Hillman's death, Mr. L. J. P. Bishop 
and Rev. J. A. H ungate have rendered faithful service 
as secretaries. At the annual meeting at Binghamton, 
in 1899, Mr. Bishop was elected to a second term in 
place of Mr. H ungate, who had recently removed from 
the State. 

Mr. Barnes' Services as Secretary. — During the 
fourteen years in which Mr. Barnes has served the Mis- 
sionary Convention as secretary, not only the general 
work has been enlarged, but his own work in the field 
has been remarkably extensive, rarely equaled, proba- 
bly never excelled, by any one holding this position. 
He has, during the fourteen years, visited personally 
467 churches, preached 1,980 sermons, attended 882 
prayer meetings, visited 2,690 families, written 25,000 
letters, attended ninety-eight associational meetings, 
conducted twenty-five evangelistic conventions, lasting 
two days each, attended sixteen other special confer- 
ences, and traveled more than 130,000 miles. In addi- 
tion to this he has had general care of the work, to which 
he has always given his personal supervision in all its 
details, and which, after all, is the most burdensome 
duty connected with his office. Mr. Barnes, like Presi- 
dent Calvert, was admirably fitted by disposition and 
training for the position he now holds. He was born 
in Orwell, Bradford County, Pa., August 5, 1832; was 
converted in April, 1850, and became a member of the 
Baptist church in Rome, Pa., in the summer of 1852. 
He began his ministry in Warren Center, Bradford 
County, Pa., in 1856, where he was ordained in Febru- 
ary, 1857. He remained pastor at that place six years. 



25O NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION - 

He then removed to New York State and was pastor 
of the Marathon and Killawog Churches four and one- 
half years, and at Niagara Falls four years. He then 
became pastor at Ogdensburg, where he served from 
December, 1870, until May, 1882, when he accepted 
the call of the church at Spencer, N. Y., which he 
served until January, 1886, and from which he resigned 
to enter upon the work of the State Missionary Con- 
vention as district missionary of the Central District. 
He was elected secretary of the Convention in October 
of the same year. In his several pastorates in the State, 
Mr. Barnes acquired an intimate knowledge of the diffi- 
culties and needs of the small rural churches, and a 
deep sympathy with them in all their struggles to main- 
tain themselves and to lighten the darkness around 
them. His bearing and character inspire confidence, 
and he has the esteem and love of all his brethren. 
Mr. Barnes possesses a clear and vigorous intellect, 
which has, by a lifelong application to study, been 
brought under excellent discipline. His sermons are 
analytical and didactic, rather than hortatory, and his 
enunciation is clear and distinct. He is logical in his 
reasoning, clear in his statements, and commanding in 
his manner. He is a born teacher, and would under 
other conditions have filled well a professor's chair. 
While he has been successful in the pastorate, the 
crowning work of his life is being done as secretary 
of the Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of 
New York. In the clerical work, which alone has grown 
to such an extent as to require the almost constant at- 
tention of one man, Mr. Barnes has been very effi- 
ciently aided by Rev. A. H. Todd, who, after several 




H. W. BARNES 



Page 251. 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 25 1 

fruitful pastorates, retired from the active ministry a 
few years ago and has since made his home in Bing- 
hamton. Mr. Todd has made several maps showing the 
location of the small churches which have been very 
helpful in prosecuting the Convention work. 

John B. Calvert, d. d. — The president of the State 
Missionary Convention for the last fourteen years de- 
serves more than the brief sketch afforded in the 
space at our disposal. He was born in Preble, Cort- 
land County, the native county of his father and mother, 
their parents having been pioneer settlers. He is de- 
scended on his father's side from Scotch Covenanter 
stock, and on his mother's side from sturdy Connecti- 
cut ancestry. He is the only son of the late James A. 
Calvert. His early childhood was spent on his father's 
farm. When a lad of eleven the family moved into 
Cortland. In January, 1868, he was converted to Christ, 
and was baptized April 10, 1870, by Rev. A. Wilkins, 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist Church, of which 
his mother, whose maiden name was Olive Adaline Betts, 
was until her death a devoted member. During the 
winter of 1 871-1872 he was principal of the McLean 
High School. He entered the University of Rochester 
in 1872, and was graduated in 1876. He pursued his 
theological studies at the Union Seminary, New York, 
from which he was graduated in 1879. The degree of 
A. m. was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater in 
June of the same year. During his middle and senior 
years in the seminary, he supplied very regularly the 
First Church at Graniteville, S. I. In October, 1879, 
he was chosen secretary of the Baptist Missionary Con- 



252 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

vention of the State of New York, which position he 
filled for seven years. During six years of this time 
he was closely associated with Dr. R. S. MacArthur, as 
assistant pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church, New 
York. He was ordained to the gospel ministry Octo- 
ber 19, 1880. At the annual meeting of the Conven- 
tion at Poughkeepsie, in 1886, he resigned his office as 
secretary and was unanimously elected president, which 
position he still fills. He was the youngest man ever 
chosen to this position, and with one exception he has 
served for a longer period than any of his predecessors. 
As a presiding officer he has wisdom, tact, and large 
executive ability. Dr. Calvert ' gives not only his time 
and strength at the annual gatherings, but his thought 
and active efforts throughout the year, paying almost 
as close attention to details as when secretary. In all 
his long time of service he has not once been absent 
from an executive committee meeting when he was in 
the city. His correspondence for the Convention has 
been enormous. His time and service have always been 
at the disposal of the brethren in seeking to bring pas- 
torless churches and churchless pastors together. In 
1894 Shurtleff College conferred upon him the degree 
of d. d. In February, 1888, he purchased " The Baptist 
Weekly," of New York, and changed the name to " The 
Christian Inquirer," of which he was the editor and 
publisher for seven years. Associated with him in the 
editorial management of the paper were Rev. Drs. R. 
S. MacArthur, L. A. Crandall, John Humpstone, and R. 
T. Middleditch, the last of whom had been long con- 
nected with Rev. Dr. A. S. Patton in the conduct of the 
"Weekly." In its new form the paper gained a strong 




RICHARD HARTLEY. 
F. P. STODDARD 



ADELBERT CHAPMAN. 
T. J. WHITAKER 

Page 253, 



PRESENT ADMINISTRATION 253 

hold upon the affections of the people, and exerted a 
wide influence in denominational affairs. In March, 
1895, "The Christian Inquirer" was united with "The 
Examiner," and Doctor Calvert became one of the 
stockholders of The Examiner Company, and one of 
the editors of the paper. He is deeply interested in 
education and is a trustee of the University of Roch- 
ester and of Cook Academy. Above all, he is a Chris- 
tian gentleman of the truest type; kind, affable, cour- 
teous, and dignified. President Calvert and Secretary 
Barnes have worked together in the greatest harmony 
and feel for each other a growing attachment, which 
has been delightful to their friends and very helpful to 
the cause. During the fourteen years of close relation- 
ship there has been no friction, but instead, most hearty 
and enthusiastic friendship each for the other. 

During this entire period the most cordial and fra- 
ternal relations have existed between these officers and 
the Executive Committee, which at present consists of 
Rev. Messrs. R. B. Hull, d. d. ; W. C. Bitting, d. d. ; 
Richard Hartley, Adelbert Chapman, T. J. Whitaker, 
F. P. Stoddard, and Mr. L. J. P. Bishop, who discharge 
their duty with regularity and fidelity. 



CHAPTER XXI 

" THE SUM OF THE MATTERS " 

r PHE Mission of the Church. — Something besides 
JL mere figures, however accurately tabulated, is 
needed to give a correct estimate of the value of any 
religious organization. The divine standard of measure- 
ment of success or failure may differ essentially from 
our own. Still, when years have passed and the fruits 
of faithful labor are seen to be permanent for good, 
some estimate of their real value may be made. In the 
light of many years' testing we may indicate some lines 
of service in which the State Missionary Convention 
has, by the blessing of God, been especially helpful to 
the cause of Christ and the denomination. The object 
for which every true church exists is to maintain and 
perpetuate the worship, ordinances, discipline, and doc- 
trines of the gospel as delivered to us by Jesus Christ 
and his apostles, and to advance the kingdom of God in 
the world by the salvation of men. Jesus said, " Ye 
shall be witnesses unto me . . . unto the uttermost 
part of the earth." A missionary society, by what- 
ever name it may be known, is only a co-operation of 
the churches to accomplish the same ends. The very 
word convention signifies coming together. The Con- 
vention does not take the place of the local church, but 
is an agency through which the local church can more 
efficiently accomplish its work. The State Missionary 
Convention proposes two things : To strengthen the 
254 



THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 255 

local church for more efficient service, and to be a chan- 
nel through which the churches can unite with greater 
facility for reaching the unsaved. In a word, the work 
of the Convention is to maintain evangelical religion in 
the churches, and by evangelistic measures promote the 
spread of the gospel among men. 

The Convention Evangelical. — Through its mis- 
sionary workers the Convention has ever promulgated 
sound doctrine. There has never been the faintest sus- 
picion of unsoundness in the faith on the part of the 
Board, officials, or the approved missionary workers. 
The doctrines of grace, so dear to the fathers, have 
been steadfastly maintained in all their essential charac- 
teristics. The old Bible, in its entirety, has been un- 
disturbed by destructive criticism as the foundation of 
our faith, and while the greatest freedom of expression 
has been allowed, an essential unity of faith has been 
vigorously maintained. No creed has ever been formu- 
lated to which its members or missionaries have been 
required to subscribe, and yet in all this century of 
changes and upheaval so manifest everywhere, the 
greatest possible unanimity of belief in all the essen- 
tials of New Testament teachings, has obtained. 

Statement of Doctrine. — When the Cortland As- 
sociation was organized, in 1827, a few brief statements 
were set forth, expressive of the views of Baptist 
churches in that day. The ministers who prepared 
them were in hearty sympathy with the State Missionary 
Convention, and nearly or quite all were represented on 
its Board. Among them were such men as Alfred 



258 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

be : " To send the gospel and other means of promot- 
ing the knowledge of God among such of our fellow- 
creatures as are destitute and that, either stationary or 
occasional, as prudence may dictate or funds admit." 
While the work of the Convention has been broadened, 
its present Constitution makes its first object to be "To 
promote the preaching of the gospel." There has been 
a faithful adherence to this purpose through all the 
history of the past ; while other objects have been 
added, none has been allowed to supplant the great 
work of proclaiming the gospel to lost men. And 
along this line have the great successes been achieved. 

Early Missionaries. — Some of the first missionaries 
of the Convention were denominated " flaming heralds 
of the cross." Such a man was John Peck, who during 
his first and only pastorate of the First Cazenovia 
Church (New Woodstock), baptized 640 into its fellow- 
ship, besides making many evangelical missionary jour- 
neys in various parts of the State. Another man whose 
work justified this title was Alfred Bennett, whose min- 
istry was attended with large displays of the grace of 
God, in the conversion of sinners. These men were 
types of others of their day. 

More About David Irish. — Since the first part of 
this work was in type, some facts in regard to this man 
of God have come to light that reveal more clearly the 
vast extent of his pioneer work. In addition to his having 
planted several of the earliest churches . in Cayuga 
County, and given to them in their infancy his pastoral 
care, he planted the church in Manchester (then Farm- 



3- ^ 
w C 

£ o 




THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 259 

ington) and was its pastor from its formation in 1797 
to 1800. This required a journey from his home in 
Scipio (Venice) to that part of his charge, of fifty miles 
or more, through a sparsely settled country, and much of 
the way, an unbroken forest. His best mode of travel 
was on horseback, but like others engaged in the same 
work, he often went on foot. In addition to these 
extensive labors at home, he was one of the first to 
penetrate a more distant field in " the far West " and 
evangelize on "The Holland Purchase." In 1810 he 
organized the Baptist church in Willink (Aurora), Erie 
County, the first religious organization in that town. 
Well may we pause in reverence at the mention of the 
names of such men by whose labors, under God, those 
principles were planted in the virgin soil of this repub- 
lic, which are now bearing fruit in our Christian civili- 
zation. Were the same spirit of self-denying, conse- 
crated zeal manifested in the ministry of to-day, there 
would be less moral destitution in our land. 

Elder Swan. — Among those who labored as mis- 
sionaries in those early days was Jabez S. Swan, of 
whom one used this language: "Whose voice has been 
a clarion of the Lord all over this field (New York and 
Connecticut), and whose life and labors formed the most 
thrilling chapters in our history for a quarter of a cen- 
tury. One should have seen him in the prime of his 
manhood, before a vast assembly, when the fullness of 
the Spirit of the Lord was upon him and upon the peo- 
ple. Perhaps his text would be, ' If the Lord be God, 
serve him.' It were almost pardonable to believe that 
Elijah himself was present. Fact followed fact, argu- 



26o NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ment followed argument ; thoughts bloomed into fra- 
grant illustrations, conclusions were crowned with Scrip- 
ture narratives, incidents, and commandments, till, ris- 
ing in fervor of faith and volume of voice in the spirit 
and power of Elijah, he seemed to call down upon the 
people the power of the Highest. In such ministry 
was realized the fact that the gospel is the power of 
God." He was instrumental in the conversion of 10,- 
ooo persons, the most of whom he baptized. He was in 
the service of the Convention for two years, but gave 
all his income from that source to a poor church for 
the building of a meeting-house, in Preston, Chenango 
County, N. Y. 

Elder Chamberlain, of South New Berlin. — An- 
other name, less widely known, but a choice spirit and 
fellow-worker with Elder Swan, was Joseph H. Cham- 
berlain, who spent a year in the service of the Conven- 
tion as an itinerant missionary. He was a man of re- 
markable power in prayer as well as one who had power 
with men through the gospel. The last time the writer 
ever heard his voice in public was in prayer at an Asso- 
ciation, when he used these words with thrilling and 
solemn earnestness : " O God, keep us humble, cost 
what it may." 

Elder Sheardown. — Perhaps no man has left a more 
lasting impression on the Baptist churches of the South- 
ern Tier counties of New York and northern Pennsyl- 
vania than Thomas S. Sheardown, whose name appears 
for several years on the list of the Convention mission- 
aries. He was the founder of many of the churches in 



THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 26 1 

the field in which he labored. A pioneer, itinerant 
missionary and pastor, the story of his life reads like a 
romance. It is too full of living reality to need the 
gloss of fiction to add to its charm. Elder Shear- 
down was a man of God, full of faith and of the Holy 
Ghost. He was especially successful in soul-winning. 
Many other names, not so widely known perhaps, but 
no less worthy, might be added to the list. 

Revivals not New. — The growth of the denomina- 
tion in the State is more largely due to the evangelistic 
spirit that has been a leading characteristic of Baptists 
than to any other cause. " Protracted meetings " are 
comparatively of recent origin, having first come into 
prominence in the days of Finney, Knapp, and their 
contemporaries, but revivals of religion and evangelistic 
efforts are as old as Christianity. The revivals in the 
earlier days of the century were characterized by more 
personal work, and by greater zeal in the ordinary serv- 
ices. Such seasons were marked by deep convictions, 
which spread through an entire community, and affected 
the lives and conversation of the people. Some of these 
seasons of special interest lasted for several months 
without abatement. 

Results of Evangelistic Efforts. — The work of 
the Convention has been successful in proportion as the 
evangelistic element has been emphasized. The whole 
number gathered into the churches by baptism, as the 
result of missionary labor, so far as reported to October 
1, 1900, is 42,570. This does not include those bap- 
tized before the union of the Hamilton Missionary So- 



262 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

ciety with the State Convention, nor many who were 
baptized by others than the missionaries themselves, 
though converted through their instrumentality. It is 
safe to conclude that not less than 45,000 have been 
added to the Baptist churches by baptism on confession 
of faith through the agency of the Convention. Many 
of these have become ministers of the gospel, evangel- 
ists, and home and foreign missionaries. The benign 
influence of the Convention workers, in ever-widening 
waves, is spreading all over the earth. 

Need of Enlarged Effort. — It is a conviction that 
is constantly increasing through observation and ex- 
perience, that this evangelistic work should be a spe- 
cialty of the Convention. Independent, and in some 
cases irresponsible, evangelists are flooding the country, 
some of them good men, others absolutely unqualified 
to teach, some of them if not bad at heart yet using 
methods and measures that bring the cause of Chris- 
tianity into contempt. Evangelists are a divinely or- 
dained class, and named among the gifts of the ascended 
Christ to men (Eph. 4 : 11). Why should not more 
such men, who are called of God and fitted for the work, 
be sent out under the patronage of such a responsible 
organization as the Convention ? Two important ends 
would be accomplished by this plan. The churches 
would be guarded from harm through unsafe men, and 
those churches or communities most needing such help 
could secure it, even though unable to meet the expense 
themselves. There are other reasons, which we need 
not stop to name at length, equally strong in favor of 
this plan, the chief of all being that the temptation to 



THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 263 

create a false excitement by questionable methods or 
the evasion of denominational doctrines, for the sake of 
securing a larger financial income, would be obviated. 

Work Among the Foreign Population. 1 — The vast 
numbers coming to our shores from other nations, and 
from across the border in Canada, have not been over- 
looked in the missionary work of the Convention. Mis- 
sions among the French from Canada and others speak- 
ing the French language, have been instituted and 
maintained. Rev. P. C. Paumier was in the employ of 
the Convention from 1862 to 1879 as a local and itine- 
rant missionary among the French in northern New 
York. From a very early day missions have been main- 
tained for longer or shorter periods among the Germans 
in New York, Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo. 
A large proportion of the children of those gathered 
into German churches have become identified with Eng- 
lish-speaking churches and are among the most valuable 
and substantial members of these bodies. Of the mis- 
sionaries of this class none is more worthy of special 
mention than Rev. Albert Von Puttkamer, who labored 
as a missionary of the Convention among his own peo- 
ple in Buffalo and Albany. His work in Buffalo re- 
sulted in the establishment of three German Baptist 
churches in that city. He also labored in the city of 
New York for fourteen years. Mr. Von Puttkamer 
performed honorable service in the Civil War, having 
received a military training in his fatherland, Prussia 
After the war he labored in Albany, Hemlock Lake, 

1 For work in other localities among French, Germans, Swedes, and 
Welsh, see tables in the Appendix. 



264 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

Yorkshire, Williamsville, Defiance, Lodi, and Spring- 
field. It was said of him : " His life marked an era. 
He was the first German to be baptized by an Ameri- 
can Baptist minister ; the first to be ordained into our 
communion ; he also organized the first German Baptist 
church in New York, which was the first of its kind in 
America. To-day there are more than 300 German Bap- 
tist churches in this country, with a flourishing member- 
ship. He was thrice a nobleman, by birth, by nature, 
and by grace." Truthfully did the New York "Tri- 
bune " say of him : " Albert Von Puttkamer was a mile- 
stone in the road of religious progress." He died at 
West Farms, New York, March 21, 1893, at the ripe 
age of eighty-three years. 

Edifying the Body of Christ. — The Missionary 
Convention has from the first honored the local church. 
It has often been minimized as an institution whose sole 
object was "to help feeble churches." The object as 
stated in the Constitution is, " To promote the preach- 
ing of the gospel and the establishment and maintenance 
of Baptist churches in the State of New York." There 
is not one word about " feeble churches " in the docu- 
ment. Churches, like individuals, ought to be mutually 
helpful. No man, however strong or wealthy, is inde- 
pendent. No church is independent. Financially strong 
churches are as dependent as financially weak churches, 
only along different lines. The small churches, as a rule, 
furnish, under God, the ministers for their wealthier 
neighbors. Ninety per cent of the pastors of the 
financially strong churches come from the weaker 
churches. The same rule holds true among the lay- 



THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 265 

men, editors, educators, and business men inside and 
outside of the churches. 

" Feeble " is a Misnomer. — It is high time that all 
this talk about " feeble " churches was done with. Any 
church is " feeble " that has lost its spirituality. La- 
odicea had a church that was rich, increased in goods, 
and had need of nothing, but it was a "feeble" church 
in Christ's estimation. No matter how small or poor 
in this world's goods a church may be, it is strong if it 
is the dwelling-place of God. " God is in the midst of 
her, she shall not be moved ; God shall help her, and 
that right early." The Missionary Convention is an or- 
ganization for mutual helpfulness of the Baptist churches 
in the great work committed to all the churches, the 
evangelization of the State, the nation, and the world. 
If there is any place along the line of God's army that 
needs strengthening in any particular, its purpose is to 
strengthen that place. A congregation of fifty needs 
just as good teaching as one of five hundred. Souls 
everywhere are precious, whether the flock be little or 
large. " Christ loved the church and gave himself for 
it." In seeking the welfare of all the churches we are 
fulfilling the purpose of his great love. There is still a 
call for churches in the Empire State. Strong, vigorous, 
spiritual, evangelical churches are needed. The work 
of the past is conclusive proof of the value of the Con- 
vention. Aside from the large numbers not enumerated 
that have enjoyed the very helpful ministration of evan- 
gelistic missionaries, there have been not less than 
seven hundred Baptist churches in the field, covered by 
the State Missionary Convention, planted or fostered 



266 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

through its agency, the largest portion being located in 
the State of New York. 1 

The reader is asked carefully to examine the tabulated 
statements in the Appendix, taken from the annual re- 
ports of the Convention, which although necessarily in- 
complete, will conveniently show the magnitude of the 
work done. Probably few members aside from the 
pastors of such churches as Lockport, Jamestown, 
Gloversville, First Syracuse, First Buffalo, First Ro- 
chester, First Binghamton, First Ithaca, First Elmira, 
Owego, and Albion, and a multitude of others, have any 
conception that the missionaries of the Convention laid 
the foundations of these churches, and that the Conven- 
tion fostered them until they became able to care for 
themselves. 2 The work already wrought through the 
grace of God has compensated a thousand-fold for all 
the outlay. The total expenditure for all departments 
of the work from the beginning, in 1807, to October 1, 
1899, was $959,515.89. The whole number of mis- 
sionaries employed during this time, so far as we are 
able to ascertain, was one thousand eight hundred and 
thirteen (1,813). It follows naturally and without ar- 
gument that the Missionary Convention is practically 
an efficient auxiliary to all our denominational enter- 
prises, missionary and educational. 

1 This does not include the work done by the Hamilton Missionary 
Society, of which we have no accurate record. These churches are lo- 
cated in every part of the State, including our largest cities. A few of 
them have changed their names and location, but the greater part "re- 
main until this day," and with a few exceptions include the numerically 
strongest in the State. 

3 The tables are incomplete up to 1840, but the list is made up from 
fully authenticated sources. 



THE SUM OF THE MATTERS 267 

Hamilton and Rochester. — We have already seen 
that our great educational institutions at Hamilton 
originated in the meetings of the Hamilton Missionary 
Society. The University and Theological Seminary at 
Rochester were an offshoot of those at Hamilton. The 
Baptist Education Society of the State of New York, 
and the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Educa- 
tion, have performed a service of untold value to the 
cause of Christ at home and abroad. The cause of edu- 
cation has been a feature of the Convention's annual 
meetings for the last thirty years. The Convention has 
been not only a moral force, in aiding the training of 
men for the ministry, but often has been instrumental 
in the conversion of the candidates for that holy office. 
We have no hesitation in saying, that of the 45,000 
brought into the churches through this agency, the per- 
centage of those entering the gospel ministry is as large, 
if not larger, than from any other source. 

Other Missionary Bodies. — That the work of home 
and foreign missions has been aided by the Convention 
goes without saying. These causes, from the very be- 
ginning until now, have been so interwoven with the 
State work that they are interdependent. Strong 
churches, a live evangelism in the domestic field, in- 
duce a corresponding interest in the wider work for the 
regions beyond. Churches never decline from over- 
work. They do decline from inactivity. New York 
State demands our first care, not for herself alone, but 
that she may be a greater factor in spreading the gospel 
throughout the world. Between the Convention and all 
other denominational interests there is not, and ought 



268 NEW YORK BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION 

never to be, any competition. We protest with all our 
hearts against minimizing the work of State evangeliza- 
tion, giving it smaller place, making it the last of the 
objects of our benefactions and our prayers. We em- 
phasize this protest in the interests of the very causes 
often presented in such a way as to obscure the wants 
of the home field. 

Missionary Churches Trained to Give. — There 
are no better or more generous contributors in propor- 
tion to their ability to all our missionary enterprises 
than the churches that have learned by long and severe 
struggle with poverty how to give when giving costs 
something. An instance in illustration known to the 
writer is deserving of record. The church at Hemlock 
Lake, few in number and very limited in financial re- 
sources, for many years supported a native preacher 
in Assam, who in one year received by baptism 152 
members in churches on his field as a result of his labors. 
Other instances of the relation of the Convention work 
to the foreign field might be cited. They are not needed. 
The field is the world. New York, with more than seven 
million inhabitants, its location at one of the principal 
gateways of the nation, its vast resources, its political 
and commercial predominance, is no insignificant part 
of that field. Many considerations emphasize its impor- 
tance as a field for missionary enterprise, in order that 
the mighty influences that are disseminated through all 
these channels may work for the uplifting of Christ's 
kingdom in the nation and the world. 




APPENDIX A 



List of churches in which missionary labor has been 
performed, and which have been assisted by the State 
Missionary Convention since 1822, so far as can be 
ascertained : 1 



Adamsville, 1898, 99. 
Addison, 1843, 67, 70-73, 79-84. 
Adirondack, 1880-85, 89, 90, 92, 96. 
Akron, 1840, 41, 75, 76, 80-85. 
Albany, African, 1828-30, 34, 36. 
Albany, Germans, 1856-67, 69-73. 
Albany, Hamilton Street, 1858-60. 
Albany, Pearl Street Mission, 1856, 57. 
Albion, Orleans County, 1840-42. 
Albion, Oswego County, 1829, 60, 61, 77. 

91, 92. 
Alden, 1835, 52-54, 71-74, 79-84, 90, 91, 

95-99. 
Alexauder, 1835. 
Alexandria, 1830, 34. 
Allegany, 1854, 55, 72. 
Allegany Association or County, 1827- 

32, 34, 40. 
Allegany Indian Reservation, 1855, 

56, 58-70, 99. 
Allen, 1835, 79-82, 87-91, 99. 
Almond, 1834, 40, 41, 50, 76, 80-83, 92- 

97, 99. 
Alpine, 1878, 79, 95. 
Altay, 1894, 95, 97. 
Amherst. (See Williamsville.) 
Amityville, 1897. 

Amsterdam, 1829-31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39. 
Andover, 1846, 47, 52-54. 
Angelica, 1835, 36, 38, 42, 43, 54, 59, 79- 

82, 86, 98, 99. 
Antwerp, 1829, 30, 36, 38, 44, 62-64. 
Apulia, 1891, 95-99. 
Arcade, 1838, 40-42. 



Argusville, 1838, 39, 41, 42. 
Ashford, 1833, 40. 

Ashville, 1842-45, 49, 52, 53, 77, 85, 86, 93. 
Athens, Green Co., 1833, 36-38, 63, 64, 

69, 72-74. 
Athens, Pa., 1892, 93. 
Athol, 1889, 93. 
Attica, 1834-44, 53, 54. 
Aurelius (see Montezuma), 1841. 
Auriasville, 1833, 37. 
Austerlitz, 1841. 
Avoca, 1847-49, 52, 53, 72-75, 79, 80, 86- 

91, 98. 99. 
Avon Springs, 1839, 40, 43-46. 

Babcocks Grove, 1849. 

Babcox Hollow, 1895, 96. 

Bainbridge, First, 1837-41, 71-74, 87-89. 

Bakers Mills, 1897. 

Baldwinsville (see Lysander), 1841, 45- 

47. 
Bangor, 1859. 
Barnes Corners, 1875, 76, 82-84, 87, 88, 

91. 
Barre, 1832. 
Batavia, 1834-42, 45. 
Bath, 1843^6, 89-93. 
Bedford Station, 1895, 96, 97. 
Belfast, 1842-44, 75-77. 
Belle Isle, 1838. 
Belmont, 1843, 54-56, 78-81. 
Bennettsville, 1888, 92, 96-99. 
Bennington, 1880, 81, 86, 87, 89-91, 93- 

97, 99. 



1 This list does not include churches receiving help from itinerant mission- 
aries. 

269 



270 



APPENDIX A 



Bergen, 1878. 

Berkshire, 1839. 

Berkshire Association (now Broome 

and Tioga), 1831. 
Berne, 1840. 

Bingham, Potter County, Pa., 1840. 
Binghamton, 1828-33, 35-37. 
Birdsall, 1842, 45, 47, 49. 
Black River Association, 1828, 31, 33, 

48, 51, 59. 
Black River, 1890, 91, 97. 
Black Rock (now part of Buffalo), 

1840, 44, 46. 
Blenheim, 1842, 43. 
Blodgett Mills, 1891, 93-95, 97-99. 
Bloods Corners, 1837. 
Bloods Depot, 1875-83. 
Bolton, 1876, 83-85, 90-95. 
Boonville, 1840, 41. 
Boston, Erie County, 1833, 81. 
Bradford (formerly Jersey), 1825, 26, 

29, 38, 40, 41, 82, 83. 
Branchport, 1840-42, 76, 78, 79. 
Breesport, 1873-77. 
Brewsters, 1882, 83. 
Bridgeport, 1844, 46, 47, 52, 53, 61, 84. 
Bridgeville, 1844-46. 
Bridge water, 1876. 
Brisbin, 1898, 99. 
Bristol, 1837, 41, 93, 94. 
Brockport, 1842. 
Brookfield, Pa., 1842, 43, 93. 
Brookhaven (see Yaphawk), 1859-61. 

64,65. 
Brooklyn, 1856. 

Brooklyn, Bushwick Avenue, 1863-65. 
Brooklyn, Gethsemane, 1866, 67. 
Brooklyn, Greenwood. 1860-63. 
Brooklyn, Mission, 1859. 
Brooklyn, Scandinavians, 1869-71. 
Brooklyn, Steinway, 1897, 98. 
Brooklyn, Swedes, 1869. 
Brooklyn, Wyckoff Avenue, 1897-99. 
Brookton, 1839, 95, 97-99. 
Broome County, 1827, 28. 
Broome, Second, 1839, 41, 42. 
Broome and Tioga Association, 1860, 

62, 63. 
Buffalo, First, 1822-25, 27, 29, 31-33. 
Buffalo, Cottage, 1845, 46. 
Buffalo, Emmanuel, 1879, 80, 82, 83. 
Buffalo, Germans, 1849-56, 59-66, 79-82. 



Buffalo, Michigan Street, 1851, 57, 59. 
Buffalo, Second German, 1840, 42, 46, 

47, 80, 81. 
Burke, 1875-79, 82-86, 92-96. 
Burlington, First, 1840-42, 89. 
Burlington Flats, 1881, 82, 85-89. 
Burlington, Green, 1845. 
Burns, Allegany County (see Canase- 

raga), 1835, 36, 45, 47-49. 
Butternuts, First (now Morris), 1841, 

42. 
Byron, 1837, 38, 41. 

Cairo, 1834, 36-38, 40-42, 46, 79, 80-83. 
Cambria, Niagara County, 1840. 
Cambridge, 1844-46, 48, 49, 57, 71, 72, 98, 

99. 
Camden, 1840, 41, 84. 
Cameron, 1866, 75. 
Campbell, 1872-74, 1876, 77, 97, 98. 
Canaan, 1839-42. 

Canada West, Chatham, 1851-54. 
Canada West, Grand River, 1854-66. 
Canada West, Indian Mission, 1864. 
Canajoharie, 1830, 35. 
Canandaigua, 1834, 35, 37-42, 48, 49. 
Canaseraga, 1860, 76, 78, 79, 86, 87, 93- 

97. 
Canastota, 1873, 76, 77, 79-89, 93, 94. 
Candor, 1846-49. 
Candor Village, 1856-58, 76-78, 84, 86- 

88, 90, 91, 93-98. 
Canisteo, 1877-83, 85-89, 91. 
Canisteo River Association, 1837-39, 41, 

42, 45, 47, 48, 68, 69. 
Canton, 1876, 77, 79-81, 84-89. 
Carlton Center, 1838, 47, 52, 53, 61, 76, 

78, 89, 90, 93, 99. 
Caroline. (See Brookton.) 
Carroll, 1839, 49. 
Carrsville, 1852-54, 58. 
Carthage, 1840-45, 53-56, 65, 85-8". 
Cassadaga, 1842, 43, 48, 89. 
Castorland, 1891. 

Catlin and Dix. (See Moreland.) 
Caton, 1844, 49, 73, 92. 
Catskill, 1834. 
Catskill, Second, 1897. 
Cattaraugus County, 1826-30, 32-35, 37- 

40, 59, 61, 65. 
Cattaraugus Indians, 1857-68, 73, 75-77, 

79,80, 90,91,93-95. 



APPENDIX A 



271 




Cayuta, 1877-79. 

Central Square, 1845-48. 

Centerville, 1838-43. 

Chappaqua, 1893. 

Chaseville, 1890-96. 

Chateaugay, 1859, 65, 82-86. 

Chautauqua Association, 1827-29, 31, 

34, 36, 37, 47. 
Chazy, 1826. 

Chemung, 1871-78, 83, 84. 
Chenango County, 1825, 27, 28, 31, 32, 

38. 
Chenango Forks, 1832, 33. 
Cherry Creek, 1844, 45, 49, 50, 96. 
Cherry Valley, 1839-42, 49, 50, 61. 
Chester, 1776-78. 
Chestertown, 1883, 84, 86. 
Chili, 1876, 78, 79-84, 91-99. 
Chittenango, 1841^6, 95-97. 
Chuiehville, 1878, 82-85, 90, 92, 93, 96- 

99. 
Cicero, 1836, 37, 40-42. 
Clarence, 1837, 42. 

Clarkson (near Brockport), 1832, 33, 40. 
Clayton, 1844, 45, 83-86. 
Clear Creek, 1842-46. 
Clifton Springs, 1881, 82, 88-91, 93-98. 
Clinton, 1833-35, 37-40, 42-44, 51, 69-71, 

76, 77, 86, 87, 95, 96. 
Clinton County, 1860-65, 77-79. 
Clockville, 1876, 81-85, 90. 
Clyde, 1873, 84-89. 

Clymer, 1847-51, 78-81, 85, 86, 90, 91, 99. 
Cobleskill, 1830, 31, 87-92, 94-99. 
Cochecton, 1873, 74. 
Cohoes, 1839, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51-53, 55, 59, 

60, 75, 76. 
Cohoes (French Mission), 1875, 76. 
Cold Spring, 1843, 61, 66, 97-99. 
Cold Spring Harbor, 1898, 99. 
Collikoon (Calicoon), 1850, 51, 54, 64. 
Collins, 1842, 43. 
Colosse, 1883, 84. 
Colton, 1878, 79, 82. 
Columbus, 1842. 
Conawango, 1846. 
Concord Church, 1897. 
Conklin, 1881-83. 
Constable, 1875-79. 
Constantia, 1827. 29-33, 35, 39, 41, 46. 
Cooperstown, 1834-37, 49. 
Copenhagen, 1875, 76, 82, 95-99. 



Coram, 1844. 

Corinth, 1834, 37, 71-74, 83, 84, 87, 89-91. 

Corning, 1843, 50, 52-54. 

Cornwall, 1839-42, 97-99. 

Coventry, 1890-92, 94, 96, 97, 99. 

Coventry and Greene, 1891, 92. 

Coxsackie, 1833-36, 40-43. 

Craryville Mission, 1897. 

Crown Point, 1864-66. 

Cuba, 1840, 41, 43, 45, 47. 

Dalton, 1894-96. 
Danby, 1842, 43. 
Dansville, 1828, 42, 52-57, 60, 76-85, 88, 

90-98. 
Danube (Herkimer County), 1832. 
Darien, 1891-93, 95, 96. 
Darien (Second), 1835. 
Day, 1842. 
Dayton, 1873. 
De Bruce, 1893. 
Decatur, 1839, 40. 
Delaware County, 1835. 
Delhi, 1843-45, 52, 59-63, 65, 79-81, 84. 
Delphi, 1871-74, 85, 93-96, 99. 
Depauville, 1840, 44, 45. 
Depew, 1896, 97. 
Deposit Association, 1861. 
De Ruyter, 1831, 38, 39, 42, 65, 66, 82-92, 

97. 
Dexter, 1838, 40. 
De Wittville, 1843-45, 47-49. 
Dresden (Yates County), 1845. 
Dresden Center, 1898. 
Dunkirk, 1837-39, 52-58, 61-70. 
Durhamville, 1879, 80, 89, 91, 95-97. 
Dutchess Association, 1858-62. 
Dutchess County, 1834, 36, 40, 41. 

East Aurora, 1840, 77, 78. 

East Branch, 1884-87, 91, 92, 95-99. 

East Brooklyn, 1850, 51, 53-56. 

East Cameron, 1876. 

East Carlton, 1876. 

East Chatham, 1852-55, 84-86, 97-99. 

East Durham, 1883-85. 

East Galway, 1887, 95-97. 

East Lansing, 1893-95. 

East Meredith, 1836. 

East Nassau, 1893-95. 

East Otto, 1887, 88, 91, 92. 

East Pembroke, 1838-41, 85-91. 



2J2 



APPENDIX A 



East Poestenkill, 1878, 84-90. 

East Preston Hill, 1878. 

East Solon, 1846. 

Edinburgh (Sar. Comity), 1836. 

Edwards, 1875-81, 94. 

Elba, 1830. 

Elizabethtown, 1866, 67, 69-71, 73, 74, 

79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 95, 97-99. 
Ellery, 1885, 86, 95. 
Ellicottville, 1835, 39-44, 47, 48. 
Ellington, 1840, 

Elmira (Central), 1872-74, 76, 78, 79. 
Elmira, First (South port and Elmira), 

]833. 
Elmira, Shiloh, 1885, 86, 88, 89-95. 
Elmira, Southside, 1898, 99. 
Enfield, 1843, 61. 

Erie County, 1831, 38, 39, 58-64, 74. 
Erieville, 1859-61, 63-65, 75, 76, 78-86, 

93, 95-99. 
Essex, 1882, 83, 93, 95-98. 
Essex County, 1861. 
Essex, First, 1895, 96, 98. 
Essex Village, 1840, 41, 48, 54, 82, 83, 95, 

96. 
Etna (Dryden), 1895. 
Euclid (Clay), 1866, 83-86, 88-93, 98, 99. 
Evan's Mills, 1872, 83-85, 87, 88. 
Exeter, 1850, 51, 59, 60, 94, 99. 

Factory ville. (See Waverly.) 
Fairfield, 1873, 74, 90, 91, 93. 
Fairport (Perinton), 1842-44. 
Farmers Mills, 1873, 74. 
Farmersville, 1839, 40, 87, 90, 91, 95-98. 
Farmersville Station, 1890, 91, 95-98. 
Fayette, 1846-49, 60. 
Findleys Lake, 1897. 
Fine, 1877-81. 
Flat Brook, 1897-99. 
Fleming, 1888-91, 94-96. 
Florence, Oneida County, 1824, 26, 28- 

31, 34-36, 38, 39, 42. 
Folsomdale (German), 1870, 97. 
Fonda, 1837. 
Fort Ann, 1898. 
Fort Ann, Second, 1861. 
Fort Covington, 1875-78, 80, 81, 87, 95- 

99. 
Fort Edward, 1837. 
Fort Miller, 1868, 93. 
Fort Plain, 1892-99. 



Fowler, 1836. 

Frankfort, 1838, 39, 80. 

Franklin Association, 1831, 34, 41. 

Franklin County, 1860, 61, 81. 

Franklin, Second, 1836, 37, 39. 40. 

Franklin, South, 1840. 

Franklindale, 1839, 40. 

Franklinville, 1832, 40. 41, 54. 

Freedom (Sandusky), 1840-43, 48. 

Freeport, 1897, 98. 

Freetown, 1881, 86, 87, 94, 97-99. 

Fremont Center, 1870. 

French Missions, Clinton County, 

1855-57, 64, 65. 
French Missions, Franklin County, 

1881. 
Frewsburg, 1848, 49. 
Fulton, 1830, 32, 38-44. 
Fultonville, 1837, 93-97, 99. 

Gainesville, 1841-45. 

Gal way, 1836, 86, 95-97. 

Gayhead, 1881-83. 

Genesee River Association, 1839, 41. 

Geneseo, 1873, 74, 76-84, 86-92. 

Geneva, 1826-30, 32, 35-37, 41, 48-51, 55, 

66-72. 
Geneva, Second, 1841, 43, 44, 47. 
Genoa, 1837^0, 42, 81-85, 93. 
Georgetown, 1828, 35, 36. 
Germans in Wyoming County, 1S63, 

64. 
Glens Falls, 1840-44, 50, 51, 72, 73. 
Glenville, 1841, 42. 
Gloversville, 1835, 37, 39, 40. 
Golden, 1842. 
Gorham, 1855, 58, 60. 
Goshen, 1856. 
Gouverneur, 1882. 
Gowanda, 1889-91, 93, 95. 
Grafton 1841, 93. 
Grafton Center, 1878. 
Grand Ligne Mission, 1850. 
Great Bend, 1833, 73, 74, 76, 90, 91, 96. 
Great Valley, 1835. 
Greene, Chenango County, 1840-43. 
Greene Central (Village), 1839, 40. 
Greene County, 1851, 62. 
Greenfield Center, 1873, 74. 
Greenfield, First, 1833, 34, 37, 40, 41, 51- 

54. 
Greenpoint, L. I., 50-54. 



APPENDIX A 



273 



Greenville, 1881-83. 
Grovenor Corners, 1893, 94. 
Guilderland, 1841-43. 
Guilford, First, 1836, 37. 

Half Moon, Second, 1858, 59. 

Hamburg, 1873, 74, 93-96. 

Hamden, 1836, 37, 39^2, 44, 45. 

Hamilton County, 1844. 

Hamlin, 1879-82, 84-94, 96-99. 

Hammondsport (outstation), 1873, 74. 

Hamner, 1838. 

Hancock, 1843, 45-48, 52, 53, 66, 71-73, 
76-79, 81, 82, 84-87, 91-93. 

Hanover, 1838. 

Harford, 1849. 

Harlem, 1850-54, 56. 

Harmony, 1844, 86. 

Harmony Association, 1840, 41, 66. 

Harrisburg, 1838, 43. 

Harrisburg, Second, 1896. 

Harrison Valley, Pa., 1880, 81, 87. 

Hartsville, 1886, 89-95, 97-99. 

Hartwick, 1893, 95. 

Hastings, 1832, 33, 35, 44. 

Havana (Montour Falls), 1869, 82-96, 
99. 

Haverstraw, 1846, 47. 

Hemlock Lake, 1843, 45-48, 52, 93, 96, 
98, 99. 

Hempstead, 1847, 57, 59, 61-63, 91, 92, 97- 
99. 

Henderson, 1892. 

Herkimer, 1889-98. 

Herkimer County, 1844. 

Hinsdale, 1832, 35, 36. 

Holland, 1834, 41, 42-47, 59, 77, 87-91. 

Holland Pur. (now Buffalo) Associ- 
ation, 1831-33, 38. 

Holley, 1834. 

Honeoye Creek, 1850. 

Hoosick, 1899. 

Hoosick Falls, 1849, 70-72. 

Horicon, 1841, 76, 78, 80-85, 90-92. 

Hornby, 1892, 95-97, 99. 

Hornellsville, First, 1853-58. 

Hornellsville, South Side, 1892-99. 

Howard, 1835-38, 43, 44, 95-99. 

Hudson, 1855. 

Hume, 1838, 39, 41-43, 47, 49, 50, 81, 82, 
88-91, 93, 95. 

Hunts, 1847, 9-5-97, 99. 



Huntington, 1897-99. 
Hurleyville, 1897-99. 
Hyde Park, 1847, 60, 64-66. 

Ilion, 1884. 

Indian Lake, 1893, 94. 

Inghams Mills, 1891, 92, 99. 

Ira, 1836-38, 43, 82, 83, 92-94, 1896-99. 

Irving, 1888. 

Italy Hill, 1875-81, 84, 85, 89, 90. 

Italy Hollow, 1875-81, 84, 89, 90, 94. 

Ithaca, Berean, 1848-50. 

Ithaca, First, 1826, 30, 34. 

Ithaca, Shiloh, 1892-94. 

Ithaca, Tabernacle, 1888-98. 

Jamaica, 1836-38, 97-99. 
Jamestown, 1832, 33, 35-39, 48-50. 
Jamesville, Saratoga County, 1884, 87- 

94. 
Jasper, 1843. 
Java, 1835. 
Jay, 1878, 79, 81, 82. 
Jefferson, Schoharie County, 1843. 
Jefferson County, 1836, 40, 62. 
Jerusalem, 1843. 
Johnsburg, Second, 1881, 83, 85, 86, 90, 

91, 93. 
Johnstown, 1835, 37, 44, 51, 57-59, 65, 

87,88. 
Jordan, 1880, 81, 84, 85. 

Kempville, 1837. 
Kendall, 1886, 87, 89, 90. 
Kennedy, 1893-98. 
Killawog, 1885-89. 
Kinderhook, 1834, 36, 38-42, 44, 47. 
Kingsbury, 1861, 73, 74, 98, 99. 
Kingston 1832, 33-36, 38, 40-42. 
Knowlesville, 1836, 37, 41-43. 
Knoxville, Pa., 1878-81. 

Lackawack, 1899. 

La Fargeville, 1875, 76, 85. 

La Grange, 1838, 41, 43. 

Lake George Association, 1860, 61, 74, 

95. 
Lake Placid, 1880-84, 88, 91-93, 96-99. 
Lake Pleasant, 1897. 
Lake Ridge (see W. Lansing), 1894, 96, 

97. 
Lakeville, 1834, 38, 40. 



274 



APPENDIX A 



Lancaster, 1837, 47, 96-99. 

Lanesboro, Pa., 1860, 64. 

Lansing, 1837-40, 42, 94. 

Lansingburg, 1855, 56, 61-64. 

Laona, 1838-40, 44, 45. 

Lattingtown, 1864-66. 

Lawrenceville, 1833, 34, 45, 47. 

Lebanon Springs, 1839-42. 

Leesville, 1836, 37. 

Leicester, 1844, 45. 

Lenox, 1832, 35. 

Leon, 1839-43, 46-48, 78, 80, 81. 

Le Ray, 1864. 

Le Roy, 1833. 

Lestershire, 1892-98. 

Lewis, 1892. 

Lewis County, 1836, 37. 

Lewiston, 1831, 34, 36, 37. 

Leyden, 1895. 

Liberty, 1840, 44, 61-64, 66, 97. 

Lincklaen, 1829, 30, 35, 36. 

Lindley, 1845, 47. 

Litchfield, Herkimer County, 1835, 37- 

39. 
Litchfield, Pa., 1833, 37-39. 
Little Falls, 1831-33, 36, 37. 
Little Falls, Germans, 1831, 32. 
Little Valley, 1863. 
Liverpool, 1833. 

Livingston Association, 1835, 44, 62, 63. 
Livingstonville, 1885-87. 
Livonia Station, 1870-72. 
Locke, 1882-88, 90-94. 
Lockport, 1826. 
Lodi, Erie County, 1838, 41. 
Long Island, 1853, 54. 
Long Lake, 1867, 68. 
Loomis, 1891-96. 
Lorraine, 1828-30, 72, 75, 76, 83-85, 88, 

93-95. 
Lottsville, 1833. 
Lows Corners, 1898. 
Lowville, 1840, 51. 

Lowville and Denmark, 1891, 95, 97. 
Lyme, 1834, 36, 37. 
Lyons, 1835, 40-45, 55, 58-62, 64, 80-84, 

95-99. 
Lysander (see Baldwinsville), 1829, 

30, 40, 41, 46-48. 
Lysle, First (Upper Lisle), 1840-43, 76, 

77. 
Lysle, Second, 1840. 



Macedon, 1873-77. 

Macomb, 1881. 

Madrid, 1872-74, 78, 79, 81-89, 91, 92, 94, 

96, 99. 
Malone (French), 1874, 82. 
Malta, Sar. County, 1837. 
Manlius, 1828, 33, 44, 45, 84-86. 
Marathon, 1842, 85-89. 
Margaretville, 1878, 79, 81-83, 92-96. 
Mariners Harbor, 1879-81. 
Martinsburg, 1838, 41, 43. 
Maryland, 1889, 91. 
Masonville, 1890, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99. 
Matteawan, 1854-56, 60, 61, 63-66. 
Mayville, 1826, 36, 72-74, 90-92, 94. 
McDonough, 1829, 37-43, 88, 89, 93-98. 
McLean, 1893. 
Mechanicsville, 1884-86, 99. 
Mecklenburg, 1891-93, 96-98. 
Medina, 1828. 

Memphis, 1880-82, 83, 89-99. 
Mendon, 1874, 76, 81-93, 95-99. 
Meredith, 1836. 
Mexico, 1826-29, 34, 73, 74. 
Mexicoville, 1833, 34. 
Middleburg, 1848, 84. 
Middle Grove, 1885. 
Middlesex, 1892-94. 
Middletown, 1844, 45, 52, 53, 56-58. 
Middleville, 1832. 
Milford, First, 1898. 
Milford, Second, 1839, 41-44. 
Millport, 1871-78, 80-96, 99. 
Milton, 1871, 73, 74, 84, 89-95. 
Minerva, 1883, 85, 86, 88, 89. 
Moers, 1854. 
Moors Forks, 1872-78. 
Mohawk, 1843-46, 50, 52, 53, 59, 81, 84, 

85, 94-98. 
Mohawk River Association, 1861, 74. 
Mohawk Valley, 1836, 37. 
Monroe County, 1832. 
Monterey, 1841, 45-48, 56, 60, 78, 81, 82, 

92, 93, 95, 96, 99. 
Montezuma, 1842, 57, 58, 62-67, 77, 79- 

83,94. 
Moravia, 1871, 72. 
Moreau, 1833, 34, 39, 53. 
Morel and, 1842, 45, 89, 90, 92-99. 
Moriah, 1884-88, 90, 92-99. 
Morrisania, 1850-53. 
Morrisania, Germans, 1866, 67, 69-72. 



APPENDIX A 



275 



Morristown, 1860. 
Mott Haven, 1876. 
Mt. Morris, 1811, 42. 
Mt. Upton, 1877-83. 
Murray, 1832-35. 

Nanticoke, 1873, 74, 98. 

Naples, 1837, 41, 44, 45, 47, 50-55, 71-74, 

76-82, 84. 
Napoli, 1888-90, 92-94. 
Nassau, 1881-83, 85, 93-95. 
Nassau, Second, 1841, 81-83, 85, 95. 
Native Indian, Catt. County, 1899. 
Netherwood, 1887. 
Newark, Wayne County, 1836, 37. 
Newark Valley, 1860, 61, 69, 74, 76, 77. 
New Baltimore, 1873-86, 97-99. 
New Berlin, 1839-42. 
New Brighton, 1886, 87, 93, 95-99. 
Newburgh, 1838, 43, 46, 47. 
New Durham, 1842-47. 
Newfield, 1843, 46, 47, 61, 73-76, 78, 79, 

81, 82, 96-99. 
New Hartford, 1833, 36-38, 42, 85-90. 
New Haven, Oswego County, 1834, 35. 
New Hudson, 1841-43. 
New Lisbon, 1893. 
New Rochelle, 1852-54. 
New Russia, 1899. 
Newtown, Queens County, 59-64. 
New York City (Mission), 1854, 73, 74. 
New York City, Bloomingdale, 1843-45, 

49. 
New York City, Fourth Street, 1846. 
New York City, Bethlehem, 1863. 
New York City, Germans and French, 

1840. 51-56, 59-67, 69-73. 
New York City, Lexington Avenue, 

1853. 
New York City, Nineteenth Ward, 

1858. 
New York City, Mariner's First, 1852- 

57, 69-74. 
New York City, Rose Hill, 1850. 
New York City, Seaman's Bethel, 1845- 

47. 
New York City, Shiloh, 1850-52. 
New York City, Swedes, 1869. 
New York City, Twentieth Street Mis- 
sion, 1859, 60. 
New York City, Union, 1850, 51. 
New York City, Welsh, 1847, 53. 



New York City, Zion, 1838, 39. 
Niagara Falls, 1843-46, 55-57, 64, 66-70, 

86-91. 
Nichols, 39, 40, 42. 
Nicholville, 1882, 83, 89, 90, 95-98. 
Northampton, 1841, 43. 
North Bay, 1842-44, 53, 54, 70, 79, 80, 95- 

99. 
North Brookfield, 1899. 
North Chester, 1891, 97. 
North China, 1832. 
North Deerfield, 1842, 43. 
North East, Pa., 1845, 72. 73. 
North Gage, 1875, 81, 91-93. 
North Gouverneur, 1877-79. 
North Harmony, 1844, 47, 48, 85, 86, 93. 
North Lansing, 1878, 79, 90, 93-96, 98. 
North Lewis, 1895, 97-99. 
North New York, 1873-75. 
North Norwich, 1841, 59-61. 
Northport, 1897-99. 
North River, 1895-99. 
North Rutland, 1831, 34, 38, 40. 
North San ford, 1893, 94, 98. 
North Tonawanda, 1887, 88. 
North Urbana, 1893. 
Northville. 1889. 
North Wilna, 1864, 65. 
Nyack, 1855-57. 

Ogdensburg, 1828, 31, 32, 82. 

Olean, 1841-43, 49, 50, 52-54, 66, 67. 

Olive Shokan, 1899. 

Olmstedville, 1889. 

Oneida, 1832, 33, 49, 50. 

Oneida Association, 1835-37, 40, 41. 

Oneida Castle. 1835, 36. 

Onondaga (Navarino), 1838, 91, 92, 96, 

97. 
Onondaga County, 1827. 
Ontario, 1885-87, 94. 
Ontario Center, 1881. 
Oppenheim, 1836, 37. 
Orange County, 1841. 
Orangeville, 1842-45, 48, 55. 
Orleans, Jefferson County, 1829, 30. 
Orleans, Ontario County, 1893-96, 99. 
Orwell, 1830. 
Oswegatchie, 1899. 
Oswego, 1824, 26, 28-30, 32, 33, 41. 
Oswego County, 1832, 35-39, 41, 51, 80. 
Otego, 1859, 60, 62, 81-90, 94, 95, 97, 98. 



276 



APPENDIX A 



Otsego Association, 1835, 37, 74, 84. 

Otselic, 1835, 81, 82. 

Ovid, 1870, 75, 98, 99. 

Owasco, 1844, 93-95. 

Owego, 1S32, 34. 

Owego Creek, 1846, 47. 

Oyster Bay, 1843. 

Painted Post, 1826, 39. 

Palermo, Second, 1841. 

Parish, 1840, 41. 

Parksvilie, 1845-47, 64. 

Patchogue, 1898, 99. 

Pawling, First, 1853-56, 99. 

Peekskill, 1838, 49-56, 99. 

Peltonville, 1840-42. 

Peninsula, Jefferson County, 1836. 

Penn Yan, 1S30, 31, 38. 

Perrysburg, 1840-43. 

Peterboro, 1866. 

Pharsalia (East), 1835, 42, 50, 60-6-5, 81, 

82, 93, 94, 96-98. 
Phelps, 1872-74, 82, 92-99. 
Phelps, Second, 1881, 96, 97. 
Philadelphia. Jefferson County, 1863, 

82-84, 89. 
Phillipstown, Putnam County, 1840. 
Phoenix, 1836, 37, 40, 41. 
Piermont, 1839, 40, 65, 66, 85, 86. 
Pillar Point, 1838, 40-42, 44. 
Pine Plains, 1877, 79-84, 86-90 
Pitcairn, 1875-81. 
Pittsford, 1851, 52, 73, 76. 
Plank Road, 1887, 88. 
Pittsburgh, 1880-87. 
Pleasant Valley, 1882, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93- 

99. 
Plymouth, 1842-49, 60-63, 75, 76, 81-87, 

92, 95-99. 
Poestenkill, 1850. 
Poland, 1844-47. 
Pompey, 1828, 37-42. 
Portageville, 1840, 42-44, 47, 50-52, 73, 

74, 83-86, 91-99. 
Port Byron, 183^40, 47. 
Port Chester, 1862-65, 69. 
Port Crane, 1870-72. 
Port Dickinson, 1888-94. 
Porter, 1842, 43, 46. 
Port Jefferson, 1862-66. 
Port Jervis, 1839, 40, 47-50, 55, 83. 
Portland, 1877. 



Port Richmond, 1872, 73, 93. 
Port Washington, 1897-99. 
Poughkeepsie, Ebenezer, 1897- 
Prattsburg, 1843, 95-99. 
Preston, 1839-41, 93. 
Prospect, Welsh Baptist, 1862. 
Providence, 1893. 
Pulaski, 1834-36. 
Pulteney, 1839, 40, 42. 
Putnam Valley, 1843. 

Queensburg, 1871, 98, 99. 
Queenstown, 1831. 



Randolph, 1839, 40, ( 
! Ransomville, 1877-81. 
i Red Creek, 1847, 48, 84, 85, 91, 92, 95- 

99. 
j Redwood, 1870-74, 82-88, 90-99. 

Red Hook, 1834, 51, 63-66. 

Remsen, Second. 1843. 

Rensselaer and Berne, 1840. 

Rensselaer County, 1849. 

Rensselaer Falls, 1860. 

Rensselaerville. 1893, 95, 96. 

Rhinebeck, I860, 66. 

Richfield, 1859. 60, 75, 97-99. 

Richmond Hill, 1898, 99. 

Richmondville, 1839, 40, 43, 84-86, 89, 
91, 95-97, 99. 

Richville (Pembroke), Genesee Coun- 
ty, 1839-42, 50,51, 64-67, 72-74. 93, 95. 

Richville, St. Lawrence County, 1840, 
76, 80, 83. 

Ripley, 1843, 48. 

Rochester, missions, 1877, 91, 95. 

Rochester. Colored, 1849. 

Rochester, Germans, 1849, 51-58, 60-66, 
73, 76-79, 90, 91. 

Rochester, Germans, Second, 1894-99. 

Rochester, Plymouth Avenue, 1887-90. 

Rochester, Rapids, 1876, 80-86. 

Rochester, Third, 1850. 

Rockland County, 1853, 54. 

Rockwood, 1880, 91, 95, 96. 

Rosendale, 1843, 54, 63-66, 97. 

Rose Valley, 1841, 42. 

Rotterdam, 1838. 

Royal ton, 1839-42, 84-86. 

Russell, 1880-82, 94-97. 

Russia, Herk. County, 1835, 48, 49, 73- 



APPENDIX A 



277 



Sageville, 1890-92. 

Sag Harbor, 1845-47, 51-53, 97, 98. 

Salamanca, 1870, 74-79, 81-84, 86-89, 93, 

94. 
Salisbury, 1899. 
Salem (Shushan), 1899. 
Sanborn, 1877-87, 90-93. 
Sand Lake, 1850. 
Sandusky, 1894. 
Sandy Creek, 1830, 87-40. 
Sanford, 1843-45. 
Saranac Lake, 1896- 99. 
Saratoga County, 1834. 
Sardinia, 1881-83, 85, 86. 
Saugerties, 1834, 35, 37, 38, 40-44, 51-53, 

97. 
Schenectady, 1829-32, 46, 51-53. 
Schenevus, 1873-76, 88-98. 
Schodack, 1852, 53. 
Schoharie County, 1836. 
Schuyler Lake, 1875, 96-99. 
Schuylerville, 1893, 99. 
Scotia, 1874-76. 
Scottsburg, 1844, 52. 
Scottsville, 1845. 
Scriba, 1884, 85, 88-94, 97, 99. 
Sempronius, 1844, 45, 91, 92. 
Seneca County, 1834, 35. 
Seneca Falls, 1828, 30, 74, 84-87. 
Setucket, 1862-66. 
Seward, 1897. 
Seward Valley, 1881, 82, 92, 93, 95, 96, 

99. 
Sharon, 1830, 39, 40. 
Shenandoah. 1832, 33. 
Sherburne, 1850, 51, 82. 
Sherman, 1842-45, 48. 83-87. 
Sidney, 1836, 37, 39-41, 87, 88, 90-92, 95- 

99. 
Sidney Plains, 1875-77, 80, 81, 83-87. 
Silver Creek, 1836, 43, 96. 
Sinclairville, 1846, 47, 76, 77, 81-89. 
Sing Sing, Centennial Star, 1897-99. 
Shenandoah, Oneida County, 1832. 
Skaneateles, 1832-34, 43, 46. 
Sloansville, 1893. 
Smithboro, 1889-91, 98, 99. 
Smithville, Chenango County, 1860. 
Smithville, Jefferson County, 1841, 71, 

92. 
Smyrna, 1836, 64, 81, 82, 90, 91. 
Sodus, 1849-51, 53, 54, 61, 62. 



Solon, First, 1838-41, 46, 81, 86, 87. 
Solon, Second, 1837, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 

49, 50. 
Somerset, 1866, 74, 83. 
South Alabama, 1890, 91, 95-98. 
South Bainbridge, 1842. 
South Bedford Branch, 1840. 
South Butler, 1837, 50, 51, 85, 86. 
South Colton, 1880-82, 96. 
South Creek, Pa., 1840, 41, 43. 
South Dansville, 1846, 47, 68. 
South Durham, 1841, 42. 
South Glens Falls, 1884-88, 94, 98, 99. 
South Hamilton, 1890. 
South Hannibal, 1877-87, 91-95, 97, 98. 
South Middletown, 1846, 52. 
South Rushford, Branch, 1840. 
South Pulteney, 1862. 
South Plymouth (outstation), 1893. 
South Richland, 1882-85, 88, 91-93, 97% 

99. 
South Rutland, 1871-74, 76, 87, 88. 
South Trenton, 1842, 43, 91-93. 
South Valley, 1843-16. 
South Virgil, 1837, 40, 41. 
South Westerloo, 1841, 44. 
Spafford, 1830-32, 39, 41, 61. 
Sparta, 1839-41. 
Spencer, 1843. 
Springfield, 1845-47. 
Springfield Center, 1888. 
Springville, 1831, 33-35. 
Springwater, 1843. 
Stafford, Gen. County, 1835. 
Stark, 1896. 
St. Armand, 1882-84. 
Staten Island, South, 1861-66. 
Staten Island, West, 1853-66. 
Sterling, 1847, 81-84, 92, 93. 
Steuben County, 1824, 27, 29-36, 40-42, 

47. 
Steuben, Oneida County, 1840, 41. 
Stillwater, First, 1892, 95-99. 
St. Lawrence County, 1848, 59-61. 
Stockbridge, 1864-66. 
Stony Creek, 1893, 98. 
Straits Corners (see Candor), 1889, 90, 

94-98. 
Stratford, 1833, 34, 77, 79, 80, 85. 
Stratford and Salisbury, 1834, 62, 63, 76, 

77, 79, 80, 83-85, 88-90, 99. 
Suffern, Calvary, 1897. 



278 



APPENDIX A 



Suffern, First, 1897, 98. 
Sullivan, 1832, 33, 35, 44, 45. 
Sullivan County, 1842. 
Summer Hill, 1842, 43, 82, 91-96. 
Syracuse, First, 1825-27. 
Syracuse, Bethany, 1889, 90, 91-98. 
Syracuse, Fourth, 1886-98. 
Syracuse, Germans, 1857, 69-73. 
Syracuse, Hawley Street, 1882, 84, 85. 
Syracuse, Immanuel, 1886, 87. 
Syracuse (Central), Second, 1846-52. 
Syracuse, South Side Mission, 1889, 90. 

Taberg, Annsville, 1894-99. 

Tarrytown, 1846, 47, 49, 50. 

Ten Mile River, 1844, 46-52. 

The Corner, 1897-99. 

Theresa, 1889, 90. 

Ticonderoga, 1845. 

Tioga and Barton, 1849, 85-91, 96-99. 

Tioga Center, 1890, 91, 96, 99. 

Tivoli, 1872-74. 

Tompkins, 1837, 39-41. 

Tonawanda Station, 1832, 37-39, 48, 49, 

51, 53-55, 86, 88, 97. 
Tonawanda Creek, 1849, 50. 
Tonawanda, German, 1897. 
Tonawanda Indians, 1833, 39, 53, 54, 

57-71, 75, 78-82, 92, 93, 97. 
Towlesville, 1850, 52, 56. 
Townsend, 1840-44, 47, 83, 84, 89, 90, 92, 

93, 96-98. 
Trenton Falls, 1840-42. 
Trenton, First, 1833, 42, 43. 
Triangle, 1832-35, 38, 40, 41, 92-99. 
Troupsburg, 1842, 43. 
Trout Creek, 1891-97. 
Troy, North, 1844. 
Truxton, 1892, 95, 97. 
Tully, 1849, 50 (with Vesper), 91, 93-95, 

98, 99. 
Turin, 1836. 
Tuscarora Indians, 1839-44, 64-76, 87- 

93. 
Tyrone, 1829, 84, 85, 92, 93, 95. 

Ulster, 1834. 

Ulster County, 1861, 62. 

Ulysses, Pa., 1840, 43, 46. 

Unadilla, 1836, 37, 40, 41, 52-56, 59, 75- 

77, 80, 81, 92, 93. 
Union, 1840, 41, 79-88. 



Union Course, L. I., 1897-99. 
Union Springs, 1883, 84, 86-88. 
Utica (now Park), Bethel, 1839, 40. 
Utica, Calvary, 1894-99. 
Utica, East, 1897-99. 
Utica, First, 1896. 
Utica, State Street, 1844. 

Valley Stream, 1898, 99. 

Van Etten, 1878-81, 88, 94-99. 

Verona, Second, 1847. 

Vesper, 1891-99. 

Vestal Center, 1883-88. 

Victory, 1850, 84, 85, 91-93, 99. 

Vienna, 1824-26. 

Villenova, Chaut. County, 1832, 35, 37. 

Vintonton, 1890, 91. 

Virgil, 1840, 42, 43, 48, 57, 77-81, 83-85. 

91, 93-96. 
Volney, Second, 1832, 33. 

Wales, 1844, 59. 

Walesville, 1851, 52. 

Wappassena (Tioga), Tioga County, 

1837. 
Wappingers Falls, 1898. 
Warners, 1890-93. 
Warren, 1838, 43. 
Warrensburg, 1876-82. 
Warrensburg, Second, 1881. 
Washington, Union Association, 1834, 

60-62. 
Waterford, 184(W3. 
Waterloo, 1826-30, 37-42, 44, 50, 66, 69, 

70, 72-74, 76, 86, 95-97, 99. 
Watertown, 1826, 29, 34, 38. 
Watkins, 1849-56, 59, 61, 62, 64-69, 71-73, 

79-98. 
Waverly, 1841-44. 
Wayne, 1895. 
Wayne County, 1834. 
Wayne County, Hollanders, 1865-67. 
Weedsport, 1839-44. 
Wells, 1845, 48-52, 59, 83-85, 90-92, 96, 

97. 
Wells Bridge, 1878. 
Wellsville, 1853, 54. 
West Almond, 1842, 43, 79, 80, 92-94, 97, 

98. 
West Bainbridge, 1892, 94-97. 
West Brunswick, 1832. 
West Burlington, 1879, 80. 



APPENDIX A 



279 



West China, 1881-83. 
West Clarkson, 1840. 
West Clarksville, Allegany County, 

1888-95, 98, 99. 
West Dan by, 1884, 85, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 

99. 
West Eaton, 1888. 
Westernville, 1843, 44, 46, 47. 
Westfield, 1837, 38, 53, 54, 86-88, 94, 95, 

98, 99. 
West Fulton, 1885-87, 90, 91, 95-99. 
West Greenwich, 1893. 
West Hillsdale, 1884-86, 97. 
West Hoosick, 1884-86. 
West Lansing, 1851, 61, 62, 64. 
West Leyden, 1830, 34, 42. 
West Mendon, 1843. 
Westmoreland, First, 1835, 41, 42. 
West Oneonta, 1889-94, 98, 99. 
Westport, 1876, 81, 82, 85. 
West Portland, 1876, 77. 
West Walworth, 1837, 93, 94. 
Wethersfield, 1840, 41. 
Whitehall, 1843, 48, 50-54. 
White Plains, 1871-75. 
Whitneys Point, 1845, 86, 87, 95. 



Williamsburg (German), 1853-56, 60. 
Williamsburg, 1839-43, 53, 54, 58. 
Williamsburg, Mt. Olivet, 1867. 
Williamson, 1864, 76, 77. 
Williamsville, 1834, 37, 39, 40, 41, 70, 71. 
Willseyville, 1839-41, 48, 49, 90, 91, 93- 

98. 
Wilna, 1834, 37, 38. 
Wilson, 1835, 37, 43, 46. 
Wilton, 1853. 
Windsor, 1894, 95. 
Wirt (now Richburg), 1841-44. 
Wolcott, 1838-45, 77, 78, 80-85, 89-99. 
Woodhull, 1848. 
Woodside, 1897-99. 
Woodstock, 1860. 
Woodville, 1853, 54. 
Wyoming County, 1861-64. 
Wyoming County (German), 1864. 

Yaphank, 1855-57, 62. 
Yonkers, Mt. Olivet, 1851-53. 
Yorkville, 1854, 55. 

Zion's Church, Orange County, 1835. 



OTHER STATES 



Canada, Upper, 1830, 1833. 

Canada, Upper, Wilberforce, 1831, 32. 

Canada, West, Chatham, 1833, 34, 51- 

54. 
Canada, West, Amherstburg, 1852-54. 
Canada, West, Grand River, 1854-66. 
Canada, West, Indian Missions, 1864. 
Canada, West, Grand Ligne Mission, 

1850. 

Illinois, 1847-50. 
Illinois, Batavia, 1848, 49. 
Illinois, Galena, 1848, 49. 
Indiana, Geneva, Lycoming County, 
1827. 



Michigan, 1822, 24-31, 33. 
Michigan, Detroit, 1827, 29, 32. 
Michigan, Sheboygan, 1822, 29, 31-33, 
48-50. 

New Jersey, Newark Second, 1836. 
New Jersey, Newberg, 1853. 
New Jersey, Orange, 1838-42. 
New Jersey, Secaucus, 1838, 40. 
New Jersey, Jersey City, 1839, 40, 42- 
44. 

Ohio, 1820, 31, 32. 
Ohio, Atwater, 1820. 
Ohio, Huron County, 1833. 



28o 



APPENDIX A 



Ohio, Mercer, Drake, and Preb. Coun- 
ties, 1847-49. 

Pennsylvania, Allegheny Bridge, 1841, 



Pennsylvania, 

42. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 

1838-42. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 

36, 40. 
Pennsylvania, 

37, 41, 42. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 

43, 48. 



Bradford, 1825, 26, 32- 

Center County, 1822, 23. 
Coudersport, 1875. 
Delmar, 1840, 41. 
French Creek, 1844. 
Great Bend, 1833, 35. 
Jackson County, 1837. 
Lackawanna County, 

Lottsville, 1841, 47. 
Luzerne County, 1832, 

McKean County, 1835, 

Meadville, 1832. 
Monroe County, 1835. 
Monroton, 1841-43. 
Norwich, 1839-41, 43. 
Oswayo, 1875, 76. 
Pike County, 1841. 
Pine Grove, 1841, 42. 
Potter County, 1834-39. 
Quincy, 1843. 
Roulette, 1875, 76. 
Smethport, 1833, 35, 39- 



Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 

39, 40, 41. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania 

32. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 

41,42. 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania, 



Susquehanna, 1860, 64. 
Tioga County, 1827-35, 

Towanda, 1842-43. 
Venango County, 1831, 

Warren, 1841. 
Warrenham, 1850. 
Wayne County, 1834, 

Waynesville, 1842-45. 
Wattsburg, 1851-53. 
Wyoming Valley, 1833. 
Wysox, 1843. 



Wisconsin Territory, Aztalan, 1849-51. 
Wisconsin Territory, Beetown, 1847- 

50. 
Wisconsin Territory, Beloit, 1847-49. 
.Wisconsin Territory, Ton du Lac 

County, 1848, 49. 
Wisconsin Territory, Fulton, 1849-51. 
Wisconsin Territory, Lancaster, 1848, 

49. 
Wisconsin Territory, Lowville, 1850. 
Wisconsin Territory, Rutland, 1849. 
Wisconsin Territory, Sheboygan, 1848, 

49. 
Wisconsin Territory, Sugar Creek, 

1848-50. 
Wisconsin Territory, Winnebago 

County, 1848, 49. 



BENEFICIARIES OF THE CHURCH- 
BUILDING WORK 



Afton, 1896. 
Bath, 1893. 

Catskill, First, 1897. 
Cobleskill, First, 1892, 93, 97. 
Corning, First, 1897-99. 
Cornwall, 1897. 



Cortland, Memorial, 1895. 

Denton Corners, 1896. 
Denton Olivet, 1898. 

East Branch, 1896, 97. 
Elizabethtown, 1899, 
Elmira, Shiloh, 1893. 



APPENDIX A 



28l 



Elmira, South Side, 1898, 1899. 

Fort Plain, 1896. 

Gouverneur, 1899. 

Harpersfield, 1895. 
Harpursville, 1896. 
Herkimer, 1893, 95. 

Indian Lake, 1892. 
Ithaca Park, 1892. 
Ithaca Tabernacle, 1892, 93, 95. 

Johnstown, 1896. 

Lackawack, 1898. 
Lancaster, 1897-99. 
Lewis, 1893. 
Lewis, First, 1899. 
Liberty, 1896, 97. 
Loch Sheldrake, 1898, 99. 

Mechanicsville, 1899. 
Middlesex, 1896. 
Mumford, Belcoda, 1899. 

New Brighton, 1896-99. 
Newfield, 1897-99. 
North Chester, 1895, 96. 

Pinney Settlement, 1895. 
Port Dickinson, 1892 



Port Jervis, 1896. 
Prattsburg, 1899. 
Pulaski, 1895. 

Richmondville, 1897, 98. 
Rosendale, 1897, 98. 

Saranac Lake, 1896, 98, 99. 

Saugerties, 1896, 98. 

Sherburne, 1898. 

Sidney, 1896, 99. 

South Glens Falls, 1896. 

Suffern, 1896. 

Syracuse, Bethany, 1895, 97, 

Troupsburg, 1899. 
Tuscarora, 1897. 

Unadilla, 1892. 

Utica, Calvary, 1895-99. 

Utica, East, 1897-99. 

Vallonia Springs, 1896. 

Walton, 1898. 
Waterloo, 1897-99. 
Watkins, 1893. 
West Edmeston, 1898, 99. 
West Fulton, 1896-98. 
Wolcott, 1892, 93, 97. 
Worcester, First, 1895. 
Worcester, Second, 1898. 



APPENDIX B 



283 



PQ 
>< 

5 
w 

On 



■*-» 

CO 
<u 



O 

• —i 

■4-» 

s 

a 
o 

U 

b 

C 

o 



Oh 

m 

j3 



09 

s 

d 
C 

CD 



-I 

< g 
52J 



* g*.2 

S 00. 
•±3 o <u 

° G V 
V _ *> 

'St! « 

• S- ™ *-• 

2 <S ti 5 

b! ? 2 u 

a ££ « 



■S-3J1 

go ^ 

«&<% *£ 

*2 * 2 C r! 
O ._ ,_ <U ~ 

8 °r.2 5> 
*§&*•« 

s *« o > s 
«» M ^-tj 

!-8|l- s 

*c» 1 § S 

— S « S Ji 
S .2 a * & 

La's IS 



.2 •« 



O .2 <« 4> *■' 

1.S s "J 

^ * T «> ej 

£ «.2 " S 



■. 05 1 






! 00 ^i- 

"" o a; 

11 C3 



eoio— <»t)i 



•sKsiidya 



•SN0KH3S 






>00<M iOO00< 



<£> cNlO Ji r-Ti 

OS CTS O CTi CTi • 
O0 0OO0 OC CO; 



CNCNtOCNiO 



t^cocNtoeo 



00 CO CO <M CO 



not>ino>i 

1 00 c- ' 



oooococooooooooocooo 










IllilllllSllllssS 



284 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSiuvg 



•SK0KU3S 



;S9 



t-1 (N r-1 !N i-l iTO 



•saaaAV 



SSS 



INI>O0!OH«M J> 

i c> co ca eo -* m 10 co 

I 00 CC 00 00 00 OO CO 00 



^NHrtlC^ 



:&; 



feci 

Lf^asooTtnOTti-^'OtCTi'cciQC-. oiococi^I-icccr. ccccoo 
ooaoooooccocccococccccccccccocococooccococccoc 



w 






a 



bcS^ jh g 5-r; a,£ > -o go x: -« js se .2 •-- > S,2 S-5 

jlg.SSgl.sfsa •ifsa^J^-gs 



C O c 



Is 

03*13 






•5 CO? 



g£g^££ 



sil sSJN* g 



ID ... . -S'P - « 
XJflejflCCSfcww 

oiv g od «.2 £22 






■ss 



«1 



£ci 



c 



O B > > HH cS 
*- <P CD CJ O §> & 















C3 C3 C3 C3 71 DO C3 



APPENDIX B 



285 



1 eo t* ec »c eo 1 



188 : :^ 



a6cNCNCO«3CNCOCO 



:^g 



iO O OsiCCD CO < 



SCSH 



iSsS 



cud'* 



^t^t»r-!Oi 



si 

COIN 
00 00 

COCO< 

cOcCc 



!£§ 



00 » 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 06 00 00 00 GO 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 CO CO 06 oc 00 00 



■ei Oi 



C5NOt»© 









2 a 

£.3 



£ :g 



"So 



3-3 



2?s 



S3 
as 



Is 



S4 



aw 



IS 



Sm - ?; 3 co 
A "0 .2 g a3 * 



<x> . 

22 3 



•a 

i 

■a 

"3 

o 
gel 

*>% 

T3 H 



Sid 



g^ 



■3*2 2S, 



ss 






111 

OhOW 



OS 






' a 

:1 

:0 
-5 ill 

fallal 

3.2 fags 









COS 









£ 

«£ 



SeSc3cJcScjcSojc3cicsjcicScScScJcdc3c3cils^^ ei csc3c3G3c3o3c3e3oSe3eJc3o3«3o3oi<a> 



286 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSIMTff 



•sxoKaas 



3C L.-MN lC <N CO rl 
COCO-q' CM 



: cm i-i — i 10 
.cscci-- -<»< 

:CC(Nr-t rl 



lit C C5 c^ 

i-ii-iooc<i 



ir^occ o o c 5 cfs 

Ir-lMH CO (NCCr-iCO 



•ssaaAi 



occcys^.-ieo^cNcc'S'cocOT-c oo tBTjvfiiNt 
ifNcoortHOioioooiOio co cJcotDicic; 

HHHI-I l-l iH vi <N CO 



QOlilOMll- ■ '. - !■ - 

io^o>-rf<ait>a5 — 
co oo cc oo co co co 



ioot^corieo era mcc-^<i-cocNco-<!tiicc05oa>cic 
m cc eg a CT-. cc cm g< tpoocooo a : - so eg r- ec eg i 

COCOCOOOOCOO 00 CO 00 CO CO 00 00 00 CO CO 00 00 00 00 c 



I> C. C. u~ 

X ccccao 



H.2 

sal 



3 x 

<D 03 • 



§.2* 
■8 -So 3 



fee 



d 

3 
C 
O 

J2 O 

3 tc 
a> B 



■o w d k a a 

B 0) cJ bDaj « 



Si 



B^ 



Hi 

3 £ O 

8-5* 



■E 
d 

d 

, GO 
- 

i 
5 

o 

d 3 ep 



Sl^P 



B 









C fcS d -.Q 






T3t3 



^SgBl|lI|l§|l| 

^9 3 5^^3-=^ .CbbS 



C cS- 

3B3£^ S.So^'S^^asSx: «s«w c.c bb 



"Ooa> 



E^.3: 



5*2 



- -_ 

V 3) 

pqpq 



oca 
a>o d 
33 £:2Q 



H 



HO S "« - - 



£0 



H 



B ^dM" 

> "S'S'Soo-3 i f i f i f i f i f i f'co * 
5 £is e S S *3 c3 Soy £.£b b b s b b &£■ c 



i°2 
SSS.2 



APPENDIX B 



287 



: :<n«<noo 



iOfflM(NNM^nt» 
lO CO to CT> <N Tf F-( 



--Or-nor^iocoto^ :m : eo 10 to <o 

r-ttOTT tO :■* 



tOINCO 



C4<NOOiOC<leOtOtOOtO<MlOa5e<)tOOOi(^Ciur5^t^tOtOOiC^M<COC^C*JCO<NCOCOtOC^'2'©©« 
iOiO>Tj«a> HONMNOOINiniN MiOOfflOH NMiOHMMOiCiOnOOOOONH 



OS C2 1 



1 



7 - 



I 



ineo«>coo5^CJcocS'HcgiMOvctcc<ioioooc^^oo05i^eOrHr^<»«OrHT}<r-Tjiecd5i- | i-ioiiceot^to 
S3^©roc<icor^Tt<i^aJcO!it^uo<NLO^^^o>Mtoai^c^toaoa>Ti<ai^toccaia2^cca5ccos 



f! 

g5 03 



o3 3 

o >> 
SCO 

«■£ 



a ^.2 

O Bl-O 

D-00 



c - 
c« 
BuQQ 

SI . 

- bt)$Z -> 
a) c a 2 B^. 



-P * 



*P 



™ to 

to« 



o.W 



_g^r:5 03 a 



Sol 



- • !" 

a> s bo 
g.S«T 

I Si 

Q-O 03 
- .CJ 

03 > £.2 

J c!§a 



© * 

o<:cq 

'■2*3 j) 
•-Stop 

s . -g 

<5b£ C ^ 

§f||„ 

• r - W ^ 55 



iH 






St* 



pS-S* 



'2-3 






iilSflrfKlSrflflIM 



CC 03 
•J3 fco 



£2 




ttpqcqcqcqpq 



288 



APPENDIX B 



•sresixjYg 



s-*a 



.^«^< 



•SK0KH3S 



t- !N O O 35 uC 



x l:^m-»o:omo>o 



•S333AV 



-: co - 



iiO»NnNt»rtnOt«H^M ■* © i.~ -N CNI> t 



tf 



to x ^ 3* © o — © cc 35 c<i t ° ^~ ^ -S ?o £ so ^ 3-1 --r c^ © Nst«nobei 

© iC t> CO X 35 i ~ ■ ■*- CO l> -T 35 -T — © 35 © 3- - . L.t 3. : '. 3. © — X l~ 35 X 35 

xa5xxxxxxxxxxxx=cxxxxxxxx X xxxxxx 




- . I 

Or- 3} 35 



si so 

. io«a 

>. : -► 

- • "-.a; 

- . J-o 



.§3 



"> 

sa?fi 



: -3 

.2 

'3 a 



a flO 

3. - — 

: 5 fl S 

111* 



P 

« 5 © 

B>. 

Hi 
^,-g a 



. 3>« 

.£?£* 

a _a 
a © o o 

S3g© 

0~ =2 v 



a M r 

a Sal- 



• a - » a a 

'S-^^g a-* a 



L'-a 

'■3 O 

Dm 



aSOj^JS si S 

B-3g§«ap.i.g«5^> 



ifjll 



a: J c«o a>.a 
© ©-a 3_rif if « 



J-Hd 



§-< £ £s 



aaaaaaa_- - 






no IB 

poppa 






HS£££2£2H£ 
. xxx — xxr eq —- — — z.- — - — - 



APPENDIX B 



289 



eo :K5«K5M 



SS3S 



r-li-l<NCN 






S t5 



1 CO CO i 

> cn ro< 



i -r c-. 
;XX 



COCOt^lS-O^-ICT. cn o"i-^"o O X r-< 1 

xxxxxxoSxxxxxxxc 



X 

t^ l> TP CD <M T7> P 

00 nococo x x x 



■*2 



_2 
3 

Km 









. a 
a> 3 .. 



C .3 >»t« .S.°Sa 



P 3 

5^ 






g 

03 







"3.2 * 



1) r 1 ^ c3 — ' ©"3 v„ • 



8s'S 

3?£ 
o3£ O 



£gO 



23 
2 



ti^ri 



03 



<a -'3 -Ch 



g^-ggiiliiripii^iis 

t.i.iei:£^3S333333333333 

«««pqmcqpqpqcqfqpqs:p;eqMmfficqw«pqeQ 
T 



bo 






. 03 _r o t 



3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 >»e3 cs c3 j3 s3 as ej 

cq cq cqpqoamcpCQfqg»ouy«fSy 



290 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSii<r?-a 



•SK0KH3S 



:2£: 



•s^aaAV 



lCJ<CNOOin>r-ieOlOCO< 



C5TT O10C < 
(£> O oi <N%-irf 00 " 

o i> oa C2 tj< c-. i> c 

00 CO CO 00 00 0C GC t 



up 03 ^ ^ 



CC 00 00 00 00 00 00 



3 

o 

a 

g 

& 

eo 

O 

d S 



-A 

2 
23 



1 

si 

.. CD <W 

£2 M 



C 2 



11 
. 8 1 






•gsSgo.oSogtQ-gji-s 



x o oc 



3 cy <3 2 



. i 2 



2 so m 

OSS 



>,^ c2 "g £ 83 e3 ej § 

~ ~I= g E N.C >£ 



o : . . 









£-3 



' -.2 43 .S 4S 



J-9 






fr*V3 : : : :« 

g.si's^s: 

5.55 ES 
2.2.0, 



2. 
a 
ss 3 3 3 333 3S3333S33333?e3 S^ ss cs 5-c.c-c.c.c.c.c.c.a 



APPENDIX B 



291 



B 8Si 



05 10 r>- :t^Oio 



CO CO «C CO Tf cc CO 



COiO 

r~ 00 

CNCN 



GOCOCOCOC52t^lC«Or-l(NC>JCO<M-* 



2 






oi>^5 



o» O eo eo eo tj< 00 oTire ci o t> co eoeo >o hht-T, 
co-^sxjsiomooiococ^i^i^cococo e» t*tot»Maot"!0 0>o>vi> 

CO 00 CO OC 00 00 CO CO CO 00 CO 0O GO CO 30 CO CO CO 00 CO CO CO GO 00 CO 00 00 



^CO«j 

: : o O <o a> efjgjo 
0006006600 







P<jh <n^MGsSi5^.2 ! - ^ t-< ^ ^ ^ ■? -r -r -r 1 -r* 
S3 3 c3 cS e3 cd^S.- oSS3333SbSS^S 



* jy .-§ « 1 or g ^ £ £ . . . *> =* a a 

^» o^cs^cs a> <x> o ^aqaqooooooo 

5 G33oQ53aoo«oooooyu 



292 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSiiKira 



CO-<1< 00 t^- 



•SNOKH3S 



i co to oo co i 

i >o CO OS lO < 



•SXaaAi 



lO CN X5 LOOMiOOlOOriM»X*iOiOClOHMO 



— ; CO C^] CO XNtjo 



?°§s 



00 <N CO id CO CO^H l> cTt- O !N OVM 1-3 CO 



Ocdi 



xx^x^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 



si 



i> cs — co E 



a = o 



5 






S C5 



II 



I S3 «B . 



g*gjj 

si- 



ll 



si , 
■S85!§ 



o be 



— - 









2 cu-e gc-p P<& BIS 



S o o ® gg^-qo o cc a d e sjH^. 



2*a fa's >»«. 



n - 3 ■ 

ja«3*«fe| 

. c - = c > 



^fr^Z^S; 















o . 

DOOA 



lit! i illi esutm s&ms&ft 






.5 .5 •- 



COCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCrCC:--*- l- *« 

Doooooooooooooooooooooooooogooog w w 



a> «£.s e c - 
> X £ cs s3 c3 c8 

~ t* - h u ** 



APPENDIX B 



293 



c^eo rood 



SSS&3S :S :S : -SS^S 5* \* 



££J 



;000O :0<NWr- 

:hh :tj<(N!Oih 



I CO i-H CO OS CO OS 
i N riM 



) OS 1> CN <N CO J> xO 1 



IOSC5lOt>«5<MOCO< 
lOlOOlOHCOlOffluOl 
liH 1-11-KN CN1H1 



• T* CO CO OS Ti< T* 



1 OS 10 



!SiMio<x)T^t^c^^Oi^t^os^T^ini>o^i^iMOsTj(ir;r^OTt'Tj<eoeoi>i>cciCioc<icc ufi-T 

NTjiooi-»Tr^ooo)'*ccoscomciiooiiccaiiocc05C:o'. TfrfSucn^iNNoi^t^iCTrTrci 
cooococccccocoooccoccccocococococococococccccccoccxcoccxccxcccocccococccc 



«e £ fa 



w 

w c3 fl O »h 

03« O S3 

oSaqo 



•r| o a; e 



hS«H 

a o> © w 

e S a a«C 

(Mrr-I £? 3 fHlS 






fa 

.2S 



ejH.g c3'$ G 



>-i of 
*S .- 



>** 



Kv£ 






sa 









^12 °§ 

cj3 as c a s 

g o o>-£ o> 5- S a) ja7= s ^ u-c v 

M'H ^£ ^ O rts. 5> K C ^ O *< " 









2* 

ta c3 












pq 



it? 



oh r»-g 



9.?: 



^^Js)^) m-oj-S aa ® S'S.g.E.2 00 33-2 5 §5 ° <" ^ &*^5 o o a> a> a> w" m m w" tc m~ on w" 00 «" 

£22°°°22S33fl333333§!riSd(SoSdsdoic3ai33dri5iojBJc3dcJc3d(!3 



294 



APPENDIX B 



•sKsiuvg 



•SN0KH3S 



•sxaaAV 



irt co : o><b 






imi>iHOooi> 



CO I- <N CO iH t- < 



O to CT> a> lO rf 00 

a> <M ,-h th c-j o © 

rICOi-HlOCO ?H 



MOM 
00 30 00 



)t-HHtOTTi 



lAtoeOc 



OOCOOOOOCCOOOOOOOCOOCOOOaCGOOOCCOOOOOUOOOOOOOOOOOOOOaO 



00 00 00 00 00 CO c 



03 • •*? • • • • : iJj 'et fi 

% -js : i : • :tt q 

5S §73^; * 3--J3 o o 



a 



1*35 

• co .2 

-1 03 rj 



s~ O 






^JCL,. 



i.p^a 



O o 

.a - 



> o3 K 



^ CO c3 3 . 

•O o3 03 V^& 6S 






2^ 






Or; Cc5 ? £ 

•c o oi o3 ap c 



tsWspoS 



,^ >»c3 3 



C3 a5 C'S^ w^ £-C 

X! 3 O.S-S J> £0 c3 



•jadw 






,p ^c -• - *"S - - - .2 5 ->-p^O 






^^©a>5g3«a>|'ig,6! 



, ._ bio's ra v. 



^c3Sojo3iDQ)«0(P(D»oa)ooa)<s a.i;.H.~".".".- c o c o o 



APPENDIX B 



295 



<n 30 00 1> : 00 c*j 
co i—i co : co co 



COI> l-H Ol 
CNCO CSl CM 



OCOXI 
u- I> O ' 
CN CM 



cga>mooSo«S5 



lOton-OTfc-iwooco' 

MlMHHHl01>l>Hl 



10 i2 



rH rHI> CO t^ 

CO CO CO CO 



1> S Ci £ Tf< CO 



coco in 



; v j ;uj ;- ^ w- ^ >. «-v ; >■- j ; ^ ; — -~ ; ; w ^T ctj »-y . • ; • ■ ; ; ~ -- - 

'oto co t^cricic^r^^cor^i>^c v Qo6cOi-H«o"iocot>i-i i-h in t-i ■* r-I t-' «o° c<i r-I co' <Nr-Tid 

-fcot^C3a5i^coc5cO"rrcoco-^-rjHcsiOTt<TruOioco50Tj< eg coic-rficngjaiasiMrrico-^' 

CO CO CO CO CO OC 00 CO 00 CO CO 00 CO 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 00 00 00 CO CO CO 00 CO 00 



to 3 

Is" 

cc'd 

*«g 

£§5 



Sla4 



£3 B 



Si; 



S3 £3 



\**2 



d.S 

d w 



. „ Ol 02 +3 S3 <JN r - 



CD 



8 

o 

of o 



O CD 

2 In 2 
C d " 1 



a - >-> 



•Bo3pODC3«Jpo 



<u o «J a i ta c_ 



o p > g5"S " 



OT 95 1 " I ^£^|l!l esPAJ § BSS1* S«3 ^ : I 



''ffiJZit 



1 

1 

1S3 



-2^ 

> 03 ^ 

p,«3 si 

fflOO 






■fcTi! 

Pfi.Qfi 



.. -33 
>>>> _ 

0) OJ 05 

■CO O 

d d d 

flfifl 



03 C3 
.Q.O 

dd 



g^ 



000 

a d a 
d d d 

OPS 



d 



QCQ° 



tf H d 

►;«■■§ 

S d d 

flflPppPflfiSflPHWH w www 



n OPb 



. ? <^"^ 



TJ 'd "CO 



whswhw 



296 



APPENDIX B 



•SNSIliYa 



NOdSMin 



•SX0KH3S 



•s3aaA\ 



wcoosommcono 



> J* to CO 
JOCNtH 



iNrt t-i iHC5 



'NCOOO 



00 00 00 5b OC X X t 



> 5? >5> T*f 5? 3* 1 "* ?B fe 



1 eg os x ec C3 ic cc c 
; x xxx xxxc 



£S&g 



i> C- t • 

XXX: 



ioSSci 



0J 03 - .•« 



. c 

o> O 

*s 

Si 

2£ 

• 5 SPg» 

■o°l 

111 

T!.9 ° 

3 ^ e3 0) a 
: <g ** r 1 " 5 - 



5^ 






o p 

u 

J2 he 3 go £5 

r 3 53 c cj E £ 

Sci-5 Q,^5 

coC^feOo2C355 



■4 



a; a) 1 - 1 " 1 <u _. 
OO >»£ c- 






^ R 

83 

I|I 



§H 

JS 

S S3 

: r >>a 
• * b S 

;i3§g 
ills 

w d S3 

-o'O 

R R.H 

is|| 

w c °r aj > 

CO OS ^ a 




APPENDIX B 



297 






ooato 

CO tO TT CO 



NOlN^Ht^tOiOffl CO OO1-13; 

cMincococoeot^asto in i> oo © 
1-101 r-iec eo cor-i 



iO 00 t~- to CM to O CM T}i * to 1-1 I- CTiiOCM CM tOCOOO -H to "* to O 3C 1 
O £^ © <N tH CM CO iO CM ; <M CO 00 CO to i-< rH to iO CM iO CM \T> CM Oj © I 



ss 



CN I> iO rl 05 m CN < 



CO N<0»!ON©lC05101 
lO WOSCCSOiiCOCiXCl 






NOrfiOiOOOr-MHCiOCO 

O CI X 1* CI !>■ C) w CO C5 O »w 1. 

XXXXXXXXXXX CO KXXSXXX'XX* 06 GCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCCCOCGC 



i 1-1 CO 00 I-H © t 

Oi © rr cm co -3; to < 

XXXXXXXt 



-* CM tOCO 

«* TJ" CO^ 

00 CO 06 00 



>. 
,Q 

s 
w 

* I'd 

fee 



f 3 to 
— a 

.03 

§■§ 

<J o3 

11 



cj r ^ 






0) 

03 Ort 
t> « s 
ICC H 



?ilitli^ 






O 4) 






§Sag 

03 +» a> S 

■5.2M8 



•S-o 
o a 

(Li c3 



t« a 2 2^3 <u *=> 
P.0J 3 ^£j iiu 



03 co 

-gs 



"O g a) : 
a o3ox: 









icSROB 

5;gagQ:g<:«0'^ce! g«o£OO^otfS^BoO 






*i« 



Pu .Sw 



^sg°' 



03 u3 



(53-f3 



a o . 



<!«} 



«c3 



^M ..S3 '2,®. 

S d OGQ-g«|^ 

&f33$$S8££ji 3 l-ov-ov^l^^ s"ji&3SSS*3£.s.§.l.5& 

.StS ej o>.5.5 Orr g g fe £ £££^££;££** K o3 e3 o3 oj o> a> 0) o> .S .~ ~ -3 r* 'a. £ 

.rt— ■— .— i~^-<^;oooo o ooococcccc o i-^(-<SHt*^^^p^33333 

EstlXlpHpLifJHfLHEnpL^fl^ fe ^ pL, ft, fs, pC, fe fe fe ^, f=, P&, fe pX| pt< p£< p£< p=< pt, pS< pS, pt< pq ^ [=, Pt< [=< 






3 



298 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSIXdVg 



•stfOKHas 



eo<Nrj<<oica>eoo5iHC<) 



INICCON 



•ssaaAV 



CV5COOJ(Nl^C0^05CCOi005-*!0<NC003C<5IN>-i 
nfflinCO 1 OCOi-tiO<OCT>l^C4iO-HCOr-<lOTl< 
iH 1-1 t£> <N 



"1— I lO IC i-1~C0 T 1> "f I 



i " 



oovi>oj> 



1 - 

S'cncoc 






OCOOOOXOC501X)OOOOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO<X>COCOOOOD000600COOOCCOD 




gfo-ISs-gSS gf 888 8 8 8"feSi I Siiiig SS||| 8| 



APPENDIX B 



299 



00 :r-ii-iia 



<N lO CO CO 



■* CO 1^ CO CI t- 1-1 t 
Tl<CN TjiCNCO 



CM (NXiMiOtOCOCOINCi :iCI>0<OiOI>iOiOCOt-(1>0>iCOtj<©cO 
(N t-I t-( <N : i-l CN <NTfr-ii-t 



cD<NO5(MCNico-<*<c0i-ieocj3r» 

<Mi0C0(Ni01>Oi-IC0-V05CN 



iflNOOtO 
I •^ CO t- l~- !M 
I 00 CO X CC 00 






SSSSc? 



iNNCOXONMOOCOt; 

»®828888 ■ * 



. dicjxiMO - r _ 

Oi<CO(NttCO)!OMCicC 
OOXXXXXXXXXXXX 



o5 co eo ioi> oT 

■"»< t^ CO l> 10 10 
XXXXX X 



xxx x< 






c fro 

alia 

O fl o> > 

Kcrao 



O 0) 
o C3 

rO 



13 s 

CJOO 

£"53 

ci Sg 

OK? 



§1! 

^ 0) *■> 



>jf 



c a) 



C $ 



o . 
C bo 



0.0 



ML 

"III 



! a> 



X 






- .^^ > 1- •iS'O' C3 

S:s!'-H$i§6*§f gg>g 



O "- ^ 

3«c 



i|ili|nii|| 



a 





c 

I- 



*l 



cg^> 



^•g^a«es«isw 



...£fe - 



^O^EhH' 






-CC>OOO(I)b0!lClltCCCdCgflS« 

0JO(i>a>c>)cjcja>cjci)a)c>)aja;n^.j..i5o 



OOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOSCC'JOCi 



3°° 



APPENDIX B 



•SHSIUVg 



<N-*to :eo :eot><Nm :r^CQi> 



•sxoKaas 



ssg 



e S3 lOM SS H rococo* ^oanscwtOr-MiNMN 

^OVMOOh •t»m0>0 •NlCrtL'JINKiN^'OOlOiH 



NtBWNOi 



•ssaaAV 



MNgl 

ooccco! 



c tt C c rt^ X c r^ ff. v x c oc x c a: r ?i 3 
acocccocccccccccscccccccacccccxocxoca 



>HN©<*cSTrh 
)co««oooccooboC(K(»<»i»oox6cdOboocc6xococ6c 







kit Km*? 



«►£ 






8 #S BflSaarfriSSSS SB S S B HII 



CCg 






APPENDIX B 



30I 



NOOO SiHtHCO 



(N-^OO :<NiOI>U5 CJ 



1 CO o- 



'£> CO uO CM CM iO tj< -r ;Q c< 

l^OOC^Oi'Wi'-'fO'T':? _ 

00 20 30 CO 00 00 00 OC 00 30 CO 00 C 



05 O 



>lO«3COi-tt^05r^i-*i 

1 ■>* t- CO C7> t^ 1 



^S®o 
'•-co ab 



SgSi 



Jl 



(3000OCGCOCXO0O0O0C 



t^cceNOi-icocNOr-ioo 

irtC0lOlOlOOlClOC0«200 
OOOOCOOOOOQOOOOOCOCOCO 












13 
p 



2 

33 

3 

op <u 

150 sJ-s-r. 



>"2"3 

c e3 a 
l> r ,- 03 



lllfe 



tfi. 



•3S 



Sam 






C-c 



z fl 

0£ 3 73 



OccE-i 



S3 d > 

6wS 



w 

o 

U 

o 

S 

a 
H .2 

&8 

'"cu-S 

&a 

a> s3 

£ Sh — 

o 

<5 



o> : o3 
> : o 



^aS § ° 

o3^J C »,2 > <D 






** 

a 






£ (1) 

gSrK 

£ ..-oca 



cc 



W to C 
. hj a> c3 



* I I a I MAM -g f ISriSSs-g-glS^g l^tf as.a aa a * 53 

^^^^,2^.2^^^ ^ 2,5,22^^ =5.3 ^ «* =3 ^ri ^^ «3 03 o3 o3 o3 S3 e3 o3 03 S S 

mwwwwwwwww w wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w www 



m S O 



302 



APPENDIX B 



•sksiuyh: 



•sMonaas 



UO OJ ;OH 






iOrf!OHt» 



rHCNO 



•saaaAi 



lOHOMHOOrfl 






u 



«iiC, 



ooTO)MincoinincosiC5i^^ocoXNO)T)iM©i^L'::: : ; c a gj eo cc go 
coooaoooooocooooooaoooooaoooooooooocooooooxcooDcoooccccaoooooccoo 



IBJI 

S3 O <« O 
C3c3>. 



o 

u 

£ a 
a * 

0) O 

WE- 



££ 



E 8 

fc£~ c3 



« t. " 
<L> O c 

§«| 






{ 53 ci OS* 3 oq 

C *-> aJ it e3 ti — • 
s L a) &1 2 Son 



So 



'- 1 zi 



bo >> 

^j 5j nt3 w _s3 s3 c» 

«- >. f* Z?* a; j- c3 -u> " W 3 - — 
<*> cp'7 r*»^ "^iS c a o^r-, c c 

« m 3 S O cj3 as O e3 si .S o O-fl O 






c o!z; 



^MfllfHl.***" 



UOObX^iS ■ "g^ C t^aF 1 ^ eS,. 









" ~ - - ■ " " - : - O DfrM P. CD "P T? *_' ^ r-~ 



§a 



APPENDIX B 



303 



coin 



MCOtOOOM 
"<3< 0> CO T 1 CO in < 

1-1 i-im 10 






Oi-KN<N 






eqcOOiOMMINr-lO)T)(XK!M<0 •<# CO ©OONOiHOCCiCt^N 
lO •* O i-H lO O lO lO CO <N Tjt CT» tj< CN «0 Oi <*00MinO)N00O)(OH 









s 


5 









% 


\ 



lOrrt^Ol 



ICCOOCCCCXCCXXXCO 



i> coi>oi 

CO 00CCCCCCCO00CCXXXX3CCCCOCCCCCCCCCOXCO 



^ lO »0 CO CO ao 

OO 05 lC (NO CNJ CO T-H i-H CO »0 ^< tO -"T O CO 

lOL't-^crtxoicsoo-^aoiicu'rc-.Lcai 



..>, 5 i* 
ro O <3 

M -Sbp£s 
£f£g&£:2~ 3 o| 

*■"• 33 ^ Qi *-• "*^ 1— 1 J ui C 



: oS 2 



- 

. 3-rt tn 
IMC* 



\m 



EC O 



d 



: ■•/■■ tl o> - c3 _ 



giggles* 



> 



■ c3 -4-3 aT 
o bxc«~ 



oi c 
SP 



.2 fe £ 

> £ Q 



3 

2£ 



bC u 
C3 O 



-0) H 



iM^ss assess a* 



■* 2 



.2 OS 

.nils 



c oTaf-S 

t< 3 3 3 
C O C C 



3« , §2&: F " , .fc 









Is 



■-^^iS^fi * 



^ 



.000 br,ffi 






g!£££££££.Q'c be bo 

COOCCOCC333 3 



5 !J* a a . 

C - cJOcOh> 

5 -e&q -tcbjc>.t>> .ficasflCHh -7^03 - c 

I t^illlflff If ||£f££ll & I 

3 3§3333D3 333S3 3>,?«Wg « 



3°4 



APPENDIX B 



cNt^ca."* :OimTjt : :i> . o<nio<o<n :co ; :tomi>cotoootHeo : i> :iceo 



•sxorcaas 



o>:3 ib 

CO<£rH 



I rH CM CM r-t X i 



lO CO CO <N Hf- i 
<N l^ Ci CN Oi OC I 
INHH CN CT> 



1> rHCN 



•sHaaAi 



<CiOCN£- 

£Sc3°° 



!Sg2 ; 



00 (N. 

S8S8! 






:8S? 



IO>H»OK1 



5£-'<f cn^o^f' 



^8S8 



S8S! 



NnTeo 



I CO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 



.Pd 



" a 

•o>, 
a3 



72 3 






a£ 

6 1I 

a - - 
d v a 
ax <v 

9 O -S . - 

X3 C-^-B C 5 £.$ 



j O tn' . 



ga 

coo> 

W>B 

a o 



3 .a 



S g CD <U'fH OS 

boo 3|5a 



c3~ 



gSa 

a 
o 






n 80 

o a. 



o3 fen 

a a 
,2 a 



1.1 



*>►£ 



o_ 



•'81*2 SIM 

•H » t, rt 11 3 3 O O 



•a S jy £ S a <? 
fcj B.g^;> 



\&& 



go Z s ^~ M co co 



K5 






:>0 






>0 



PoiKJ 



c o 



d^dddddd dddd^<^<o d Wpqg 

s t-t-w o c o o o o c o o o c « . „ . . . . ^ 

— V*3«j .waioQanoKtoBiMKgaKoiB to co co w 

a.B.c.a.c.e.a.B.c.a.c.G a a a a a aaa 

.aooocoooocococco o coo 

>-9'-9H B l-,l-,(- s i-jH,H,H 9 >-jl-jt-,t^(-,l- 8 l- > l-8t-,M,^»- s »- S l- S P-,K-jl- 8 t-st-:l-9 H, Hjl-jl-5 



O co to >» 



o o 



2s sasas££££sg. 

cdc3cSo3rfc53<iia)a)a'4>cy<i)Ci). 



APPENDIX B 



305 



88 



& S 



©a>r-i :eo 



i> trH :eocoi> 



loo o o.-< 



!>OOOr»OtONr-l«tOI 



tOiO : too 10 :Oh 
i><n ; :i-h«o ;«h 
i-i<n : . .1-1-* 



t^tMrri-g! O cO^'Oi'Vt^HI^OOOI^OMtCiNOrti 
IXNOO 00 t»OMOSNmi-iHMO!O^MO(Nia 
CO CN rl rH CO i— I r-1 CN tH rl CN rl 



3 
S 

co; 

"oiAcico _ _ ...... 

jooccsooo 00 00 00 co co 00 co 00 ab 30 00 00 00 00 00 QO 00 06 00 00 00 1 



O tOCNI>i 



0c co co i-» < 



<t>5qcNOco' 






bo 



i7. 



o : t> 



8>- 






— 0) 

iS 3 

o3 O. 

a 

CD 



C 03 >» 



o o v'C z^ 



- o 



s 

X 

bo 

5 

& 3 

of 

.3 ft 
P 

■2? 



3£ 

O-5'E 
..as a 



S^ 



!*£ 



oh) 

[■SS « 



±3 03 

ft a, 



, O 

a 

ilk 

IS. 

■u - 

3 >» 

O.C 



; C : r3 - 



ci^ 



3*>g 

3.3 3 
3 CD 1 -' 



'E-2 

cd'W 



"3 - 



4j ^"cj O ffl O fl 



00 






•Sill a lfpi.fi. 

q 3 cd O cd g.Sfi c 

t>a;K^So£fto 



— — <u • c3 — -3 

MgSsfKM 



Ipllllllllli 

^^«5-|>> § §££ oo"ai' 



3 a 

!■§ 

CO fi 

bc.2 

o.l 

Q O <££ 

.. „ O 

S«oz 



:fiS«2ft 



0) CD 



ft J> " 






70 



'« ^d 



OgK^ 



w 



'p.a: 



ft, 

.--«« - . - „ ri - „ S3 _rr2 tJ CJD ~"*" 
10 00 to w to tc cca;aitr(D_c c- CcDO 
CD CD CD CD CD CD CDCDCD>>0'C3cc-r->^i w 

cedes a csc1>,'C'5k^ 

OOOOO O OOCOOSSP^^,^^.,.. 
►-> i-s ►■» -» >~> >-> hhhhhH)hH)«fthii*S* 

u 



< x ^^ 



co cd 



Wd. 



B£T-elfe 



<5W 



j :^<5^«-S 



.W<j' 



£a - So /*i=sV£ o^3 >-^^ bb* 

seacacll^saa§ ) fl o c c c ^cSlr ?> 

CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Q CD .is .3 .3 .„ .S .e .^1 ." .3 .S .r- SZ i 



aft 

_ _ _: _ ... „ . . ^ _— ,-JWWM 



3° 6 



APPENDIX B 



•srcsixjTg 



•s^OKaas 



0> CM CC tC <£> "3 1 



;3S§! 



■saaaAV 



<I^iO<NiCO>T 



act-. 

55 coco. 



a> oTgcc^c^ <35i> oic4" 



— r . - - - " -ctici if? vt» 
coojccoioocceceoc^no" 



2 
3 ST 



irocwovMri: : _- ~ r at c -■ » co cj oo oo eo eo ©} to go w -g; cc £■ Oi 

00 00 00 00 0C 00 GC 00 00 CO 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 CO 00 CO 00 00 OC CO CC 00 CC CO CO cccooo 



8m 



fl <* S *f - 

- c d g &a> 



O OJD 

HI 



o 

cq cxj 

©■fits 

o3 O 



q a> £w 9 « 






,-. 0) 

. :C:S 

tcs: % 



:&3 ' 






c 
c 

si 



^=3 eO^^j o3 £ 
: est! g-g a> o n'O 



If' 


a 

a 

MS 

5« 
•a a 



2 «* 

cccS 

ga-ggs 






>a 



~Ph~ 






««o 






.0) 

CO 



!H 



"3^ 



&H 



:^w^^ 



■g-aa^-ofi-s^ a af «■&■&! 8. &a a e ||||| s-g 

S'55 oj wO° SSjjSacccc P.P«333 £ £ & £ & £ f»c3 



03 03 C37 
q; q; cj * 



APPENDIX B 



307 



<N IN 


: :<Nr-ii-i 
: :co 


o> 


ooto :t~co : :cooomco : 
eo ;t»i : : t-co : 




cftO<Nr~cocoeoi-itom 

COi-t rHi-HO-^ 


t> : : 


<N 1^ to co eo co 

t- -^1 O CO TJi CO 

1—1 T-l CO 1-1 


co-^oco : 

i> cc 00 -* • 

i-icoi-i : 




00MI>iCnnOt0^rtC)C0 : 
HOiO^HiOiNOOlNW ; 
tHOSi-I COr-l 1-KNot^ • 

i-T : 




358 
209 
256 

'"i'39 

556 

108 

1,129 

150 


t^coco 

IXNr-l 


OCOCOCOi-li-i-*i3>i-ir^OOCO 
tOr-liQr-l3i'**OCOiOiOtOiO 


S 


(COHOiO!OcO(NOH^(NNtO^Tl<©l>®INin(N«)» 
Tti«3iCCOCO<MiHiCOi-iOiQiO»0»0-^ l 05t>COiOCnLO<NI> 


cc coin 

COl-H 



OO-£M0bt^MOX(N' 



ob 



£33 



0000 1-3". 3030-T'CCl^3iCO-t< CO O » X •* lO C * lO O O O T k c: -- C-O ^ M l^ l^ 1 c en * CO O) 9 o 
CCCC00CO0OCC0CO000CCCO30 CO CO3CCO00XCCCOCO0000CO0CXXCCCOCCCOCOCOCOCOCOCOXCOCC00 



32 oa o ^ 

ClClO' 



35C5S> 



1 35 o4 00 uc en m* co < 



> «s o 

■50* 



< 



0.2 0* 



c Zfc 

>>% o 



•««: 



tcX! 



bJD3 

■gSS 

ct!o 
rf o e* 



—> T3 

: w, a 



3 Scq • : : : : : co : : ® « : : « : >> 

l£"i ! W ! !J i IS* i :■§ !3i 

iO^llillSilllll: 



i a 

►J ea 

53,53 

_ > 



bp : o 









5 *H fi 

o - £ <u o 
■S'C w-^X! C3 

xi£gq 



, m <ux;- 



a c b 



Is, 









' O 3 a'-d -a 
o3oTaJ'cyx:xSoc£r£££ 



WH^hHHHHHHH^J 



^s l-oV-dg^Sw 
•3.5.S£J.;5ocoocoocooooocoo 












308 



APPENDIX B 



•SNSIWVa 



•SN0KH3S 



T)«tD«0<N«£> 



<^tN : M ^ (N ec oo i-< 10 <n :coooeo 



CM CO C 



•s^aaAi 



MOOHfflOiO'fiO^NrtWCMQOOiO «OI^C0I><OI^I>CNlOi£3iO1>ii0iOt 
rlrl Tl <N r-l rH rHiH r-< ^ <N CO i-( 



COCO 
tb<NTf- 



^©VrH 



3&; 



. - lO O CO I> 05 CO G5TP C5 CO r- 
CJOOOCOCOXICOOOCOQOCOOOQOOOCO 



S3 ;i 

CXN CO 



SOiOl 



^;C5rJ<C>0-n<T3<l--OCNiOlOt^TJ<l5CJ'3;C;t-- 

oucocoaoooaocococooocccocoooaooooooooo 



S.2 

SI 



111 



P to T3 






a^ 



•^ - rr-l 



ok 

> P<c3 

-k3*H be 

o dB, 



B^ §£»**.§£ .2 H.|'g 



>• O . <— i C3 



M a; 






« w Wr't-i^*'~ i " r 3jnr/)« 

! ^©o5SaiocScj«ii?2g.„-- ; - 
±?-g£"£a>ac3ct:-£b:§£:=:5i3 
^^ o^5>,Bo^^cSocsO 
^ ^ <! £ c> a £ cq Pl, B ofeo«S 






• • cj • ; : tn , eg 



3W 

W - : :S . 
cq>H$£ 



^fc^'tf 



«iwd-;£ -K^' 



>.§,^^=S^^ rf rtc:cic3c;c:cicic3cec3c3rtc3cicericS^^cSrfridrtd 



APPENDIX B 



309 



oo <o t* <n to rH t- eo t> ;eceo :io n »j rc^ooco-^ 



i^S 



'*'*'*LOC5lOlC'q<Or-(( 

-Ti/:t>i>«coor~iocci-ii 



CCO t^ t- 0> 00 1ft «© l~- lO 00 03 i-H ift • 
OO 10 OS I> O -<3< 1.^ O rl (ONIN! 
r-(rH © <N CCrHr-KN o r-1 : 



iSSSSS 



S?& 



Cr&SS! ?o Cr 



1 1-- 05 Ci ( 

:0OCOCOC 



£g 



id i> rj< c^ tc 01 © ic' t-^td 
r^oooooooi^ciTrr-i^ 



8 



?ss: 



_ tcococsoiS-teoooo 

«MM«XCCXXXXXXCO«00 



S?M 



■flCS 



jam 



J3 S 

35 



05 a> cs o 









-~.a «3-g a j* &g -d 






j- £ a «3 






S5q£S§ IS 



|>&J 



o >-.a:;a a > >•- o 



■-SP 4V &*»- § J 2 J £ I ^ g fJ * 

SKgi&sslljsisls 






■SB 

s? - - . 






= C£ 



a. 



W ..»--„*-.-- «s s >> - a a 

„ g a a> e3 a8 o3 ^a f-i t-> £3 -C ^ l) ^' !5^1 i-i 



c 
; .S-2© W 



4>g§ .W 



- -3~>S.Sp^od 



POD 









±3 a> 






3io 



•srcsiiiva 



APPENDIX B 

tfi eo : oo <«}< eo 10 O jo 



1-I1H :OJMrH(N 



•SKOKaas 



COl-H 



iO rl O H lO M Ol i 

cn oo 10 to r~ io co i 

CN CN i-< CN r-i i-l i 



OtO«0>0 



•ssaaAV 



; do oo ooooccc 



iC ? t T 

•COIN 



t^Oit^ 



roc; 



coooc 



J>O500lO .T . . . ^ • ^ 

oto oo •* co ofco i> <N"n< oTi>coiC(N cico«£> ci : 

o»cicoxi>cicciniCMcococoLOC!iiOiniMu 

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 CO 00 00 0000 00 00 CO 00 OO 00 cc 



'02 

CD ? 



S3 

a> to 
CO!? 



d 5 
■5*9 

OS O-^ 

siso 



.SflS 



;> 

c 
-a 

3 

1^ • 

3,0.2 

3 d> 



H>°, 



S3 



<p CD cc ^ 

Hft35 






.s'g'g 



2 "5 



5 '3 
if *-< 



^r ^ o >•* ~ 



, « o ^ S"^ 
" CO > cs-g w 



d 



13 

.a 



H^ 03 

£§;§g-g 

0-= 



cc; 






3 C3 

si 

03 ."K •->: T5 



O 



d 



fl^-a &obowT'"< hH .egg 

ggS&SSSfc&SSS S.S.S.5.2 m «S fe S S fe S S-g *| 






O CJ 



ssgssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss 



APPENDIX B 



3" 



Tt<oeoi>eo :cm :oooo 



(MOO 
COr-iOA 



CJOTjicoTfMOr^OiOio 



8£: 



8SS 



rlCOi-l^COt 



1-H r-li-lr-lC^ d i— I 1 



.Ao- 



tr « 22 <n S? S 2? 

OS CO "^ tj< oo t^ o: 



iocr~i-<io I -H0050iO(Noo 



re M 

T 



.. OiO"4<iAoc<NOOiO(NOOec<NCOOO 

O0O0»Q0CC00O0»*u0«(K(»»XX*XQ0=OXX0600XXXX»XXX0OX»XXX00»«O0 



*s9 

3.2 



go 



C3 M 



Ph 
bji 

s 



o 
>. 

"3 d 

►I 



35 



i a .g 

o >>o <U 08 



pq 
off 

is 



s 

s 
o 

o 

I. 

in 

'i 

6 

o 

g|gs| 



3.3 

0"~ 

fliS 

x> a 

3 3 
a> o 

oo° 
_o 

60^ 

*- 5 

g^a 

y 

8^ 

-a 

ej* 

3^3 

E a c 3 £ 



3 

o 

. . o 

-08 

■go 

~£ 



5J 

a3 « £i£ bfl 
e8 £..— "■= 



2.S.2 



os 3 

Cd 08 



a o o **• p* w «* 






. a 



3 

a 



J 



08 • 3 



;S& 



fn t-< 0> O >» 



«,§3E;e 



o 












312 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSIX<3Ta 



iT3iH00O>Tj< 



'NOOWCCOOtjioOiOiH 



•sKowaas 



83 •© 



MO) : 00 CO t^ 00 CN ■>3< 



•saaaAi 



)INON01(N(Nt»'3i> Oi ClHOOQOMlOOOOOOHO 

i no T-t ic oo 10 io op © eo co © co 00 10 r-u> in ti< cts eo co 



5 






t 


8 


s 




^ 







;sgi 



(CO 00 < 



>©t^eo©t^Ti<eo 

1 TT* t- *S< t- OO •> 

) oo c 



• J 5 

©Ci 



? - 

co fflif ^dc 

66 00 CO CO 00 00 60 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6? 00 oo ob 6c 6c 00 CO c 



§8^: 



ifflOM 
i OC 00 X < 



■tf g 
gs 

a P 

iw5 






«3 a+= 
a 9 9 <" 

> d-~ C 



si 

o - 

■§-c 

if- 

, - re 0) 

S.1s d 



be • x 
peg 



. 0> 

g£ 

fl 



■55 



: : p g > fl - c : s 
ti ; ci i < c-fl O eS cj 

-? <D+^,0 £ e v 1 "-> *2 « 



2 



.a 



CTOJ 



is 

!^a 



|£i§-fl£>J^° =2^g2£|og.g2oS«§^. 



;T +3 E o C b u 



.9 
ddai f 



!W<J 



oj _-S .m 



*** 



8 



c c o a> 
.ccc ' ' 
oooo 



o . 



_!.£.2:S«-g -«§?§? 

,0 .£> JD fit ■£ >/0 SflC 

^^;Jz;^^^OOCO O COOO 






^ K E& d -*^ ** ^"* ^ ^~ *-<" **" fl +^ C lT 
^ a,- oTaJ fl fl fl s a a S 9.3 j* ^ 



APPENDIX B 



3*3 



^ : S32 i :S i isss 



cceo : ;i«io :o 



HOO>iOVi 



«c io o q co in «o 
CO o «o o CN SS 3 



i o ^ co cc o -<i< 

• CS iO O lO -<j< -^ 



!So1 



£^£S2 



ir-*©5«d?o 



t»cOCOTf0550cJieNi-iO-^<050I>Tr , OCiC5>*05i 
OOCOaOOOCOOOOOOOCOOOCOOOXOOOCCOOOCCOCCC: 



(O iflO HO 06 d to 

CT> 1^ Li I- l^ C<? 00 05 

xxxxxxxx 



88 



rf O CC 

xxx 



t^oo 



: X oo c0 oo 



5 d 



55>§sg 



£&as 



2^1 = 

S"3 c 5 

OPwOPh 



S3 O r 
u x a, 





be C 



3£* 



ft 

=1 

«3«j 



*■■£ 

SIS 



a . 

•Si 

a a. 



a> -O 
S3 83 

iff-* 

li lll|Illi:llII|.Ullil 






•es 



:=:P * 



-a or> 



<d5 S3 ctjxs a 8 



>'3'3 d c ci 



d^^ -W 



a 









.cc^ciW 



J*« 



■HcO 



*3 



"3d 



iii 1 2 b i if fe§ *£2vjf a e9 bbbi ill! ftM I ml 

e883oJe3e8e393ojc3e883e3oSa)i)a)i'Dya>a>a)C)4)a><l)a)4)a) 0) J3 jC £i X3 X! .S .2 .2 .2* .2 S. .2 



314 



•SKSixjya 



APPENDIX B 



•SN0KH3S 



r1TJ< i-cr((N 



O 



gs; 



•ssaaAV 



^3 

i>co<Neo 

oooo oo 3c 



<N«(M 

M« C75 CO 

oooccc 



6. 

^oooo^w 



-7 



^Or-lr-irH<icOO'r-r(»C^«0'o6i-^i-ieO' CO © CO* CO <£'-<' rH -q^O <J> 1 

coooccccaoooocouocooxxocooccao ao ooKcooowcCKcoooi 



ill 



. oi >>> 

(DM 



|0 * 

_-Pl, 






.2,38(336 

)gC2E-i CI 



83 SXT3 



£0 



so. 



aJO : 



£3 

SS > 
*s 3 a 



aa 

o o 

5^ 



o!^ 



.2 s 



,c c~ 3 «... 

cc 0« ■< fe fe | 



2-U sen .a a e3 SOS £ rj 



-KCP.S& 



' OoQ<:fim 




p, Ph Pl. Ph Ph p< p< fl, pu, pu fcd, Ph Pl, PL, p, p, p< fl.PL, p, P,Ph PL, P,P,P-,PhPiP,P<P«P<P 



APPENDIX B 



3*5 



ICOt-KN 



>o -©r-< 



SOtSOSi 
1> CC iC r-i 1 



CQONOOHhwN 
i-i C^ <N t- 1> O '- 1 <0 



SS^S S gS2§33g§gS8S83SSS 



eo winoi 



O tD 00 

CCCOCO 




wr2 



o sgsd 



I^'pc. 



xocacaCococxocoS oc xxxxxxxxxxxxx 



sB^s 



2 



gs 




3i6 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSIWYH 



§ i* i !£S^S M :S i :28°>8 l^SS :S 59 



•sxoKaas 



uncoMOitew 



SS38 



•ssaa.vi 



COC<IC<l^lO^OC^OOXi0^iO'<9<lO-S<OrT<OJlOr-lt-liCi--Q-^'C<l«C>«5CCCOC500eC-2! 



xooxi 



s^; 



CO ci to 



IT* I* 

iOCiCOC 



i-JsCt-ieCeo 






)0OCO0OXCO0O0OOO0OX0OOCCOO0CC0CCC0CXCC0CX3DCC0CQOCO0Ot 




22222 S.SSS 

P 2 *).a.3.C 






_„__„_. - h - S 5^ >>S o33 a3 a3 a3.5.S.9.S Sj< 6ca5 S a> 3 oo-taS a3 

« t) 9 31 aB-.H-.-««.l;3-.- seooococsocooscoooo 



APPENDIX B 



317 



00<N :<N ;iO"«J<t 



O ocOCNJJOOjH - - 



COOltOTtiHiO ;Ot»NHOOOi0010fll i-J 



oo 00 -*»< 1-1 oocc < 

501-1 »3 igtrll 



I CO <N "ST O T-l -1 ' _ . 
r-l <N r-l 



)eoeoooio<MCNeN< 



HOiOiO 
1 00 00 00 00 



00 00 00 00 X) 00 06 60 60 60 00 60 06 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 60 60 00 60 00 60 00 oc 



t> cTod ea i> uo to t-3 

- ■ co o 10 co en cr. - 



6000 0600 



o 

T 

ICN CO OS l> 



d a* 



i^| 



. w 00 « w 
4) 5J OJHH 0B-4J. 
^ O O^ C «3 

§-§"§cf^£ 



8J.H 

81 

r. C3 



5 a 



0) g. 

.Mar 

03 OJ 

03^ 
3-d 
tea 

•as 



3 SB 

13=5 <u a-* 

CO >"CCG 

ojrS;^ p a 
>H^Oco 



5 

11 j* 

2 03 -O O g-£~-3 £ 

'Sr'^^r 03 c clo 

1 ^ "-v-^Q fa CO t-H cc O 



o a 

c3 o 






■a-cl-a 



3* r 

M 

M 

P r> u 






a 
a 

8 

bo 
.5 2 

*So3 



ho^a^O 

60 Q.O 2 <» - 



O 
-Q 

a 

Qa 

co 1 ^ 



p 

bflO 

.ss 

«3 



I— £> C o> 



q2r txo£ 53 o «a 



B>«coaifa Wy - 



W.3 



W^ : s 



dfc-E-i 



<^5 2'S*> 

ai 3 3 IS S . 

00000 o o o a 3 >>%-£ ^c* ^ 
ajtftftftf « gtfCStftf coda coax 



! >a 



.a-g^.WHw^^^ 



CO 
CC- ,r "> - 

•n>T3 «£ 

>S o) ga 
<u<aaro 
a o o o 

I.C.C.a.3 

00 
ico 02 



icococ 



H • 
««* .« 

V? - u . 
. SnairK 

33SS.0 

£J3XI O 

o o o y 

COCO CO CO 



31* 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSiuvg * 



•SN0KH3S 



xco©cncn 



- . © x X ic co tj. co jLiioeoH 
cto : ?o as 10 to c; -r 2 : m ic eo "* 



•S333^ 



«OX<Ni^©X(N<N 



CCOO'.ON'-'Mi.tKCir'XO-.MNOI 
ITJ< Tf CO 1-1 CC«Ol-l Tl-I 



lip ox 

cs in ac"' 
-rooao- 



5 to 2 n £3 cn 5 1 S o so tc © © ^ 
* i> °> oo c 5 "* ^ °o "* «> S ic ^ . 

co to in ooi> i-i o rH to t-"cc cn i-i x o e<j «o eo looo i-*V~ cN*<f t> ic -t ce irT ec t-' r-^iif eo 

0)N*ei5Wt>c5!Oreec.icO!(CC}i»5|t*0!t^O)ML':oCKi-»K:i«c.3MiCKoo 

XXXXXXOOXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXOOXXX 






II 

111 



sal 



03 03 o/g 



,. "'l^j'O^H C t- - 

a, bobc^ «:?« ^><.~ OO^ ° ? 

& £-£ o 03 -o S2 P S a r.jt a-c 

OO3C^>^5 s -^S03C30303O> 



g 

ga.§ 

A** 
6^1 



.a* 

3 Oof 

a 03^ 

; ^ w e 

§182 
5£$o 



§3g 



■2R 
5^1 



83 "O S 



fe .. — 1 > S *» 

Sj o e -g o > S, 
§rs <» £ a « ?Pfl 




APPENDIX B 



319 



r-li-l rrPOOiNeO 



CN^i-l X> 00 C-i CO © .HNrtH 



'•^NMOHlOMNlftO -COF-i-l 
iC0xl«I~C^OTt<00<M«OT-H : r-l -* iO 
f5r(HNrtrt®!D!N ;HMN 



I -* CM CO 1-1 <o CO ■<* 1 



tocortco :ot 
<iCi-ithco :cot 



00C0«C0UtiC<lOl>)C0THc0(NOTj(NC0I>C0C^OlMTHI>c0ut)OO^iM<^C<lCl^i^C^r^C0000i05i 



ICM r-Hr-1 



S& 






O0 OS i.O 
> 1X35 00 

^eo J> co 

>oo coco 6000000060 60 



i©A© 

' — r< i£l i> 



«ooo§ai> 



^WO> 1 ;iOOi It^-CN" 31 ^ I 

icdift 00 06 odr^oo co <c ©of 05 
l5953S&;S;jaS5 3 ;^CN«c.cn 



TT^i;C>C5t~-LOTj(iOt^iOOOC3^l^'^I , L':cT!TriCCMCOI>C7i 

;22222S2222* ao °° 3OaO0O000O00oco0a50OOC 



CO 



COCO 

0000 



3 



OZ2 






3fe 3 6 Sir, a ° ^S'S Fts 

Q>~,5 S3 & W O O <^ »5' 



5 *> 

IPS 

IBS* 



A a: <U 

"ija 



C e3 



o a 
z * 
•jcq 

B a 



3 m3 cs ^ 






o3a>£ 

Ph «J c 

§>*gl 



83 -O 3 



6=111 



" o 

a 



a 

3 

S> 

a>cq 
co a? 

S-a 

i>3 



a 2~ £ 
ocoW£ 



i > g o <d 

: S g"S 8 






■z? 









fctf 



1« 

ij&ga 



OMS' 



=|||Jl33^|laaaaasasaaaa'gaasasaaasaaaaaaasg 



320 



APPENDIX B 



•SKsii<iTg; 



t»COTf< ; OS t* CO ,H CN ;00MO!Tf MM 
(N l-l rl 



«CCO :co<N 



•SN0KH3S 



00 •'J CT> T-H T* <N tO IMINMM-* lOOOHt* :iO«OMM!00 : Tf 05 o> O 
OKOMMiOOJH .tOTTOf5oOO^in!C ;ir5r-HOr-i«(N ; CO tj< I 
rl <N <N :r-t r-1 t-H tj< 






r-l CO Oil— I 



•SH33AV 



MiNMCO»0!OOOiO(NMinO>©M(NtCtOO)INMt^01t0 5;oom(NMtDM0 01M 
OMHHqK5oq-*inHiaH®OMOiO NMiO^OOMrtOOMiOHNHiOHiO 
r-( (N <N i-l rl rl rtH iO r-l CO 



c^Tocsf<© o 



t»eogJi 

52 M iC CC t* O * 00 Oi <N CO tt iA r-i CO <£> X.O t}< O CO O WOt* <N <N CT> -* CT> lO iO 

CHOC5 0JMaMMt»OtCO>lftT|iC11>!0'fl'a5lC0 1*001*N<0«>00 0!Mrr 

ooooooooooooooooocooococooooooooooccooxooxooooocooooocxcooo 



S j*"*co • :topoo 

■* d w"d w"oV in in e? 



so. 



2t - 

Out t*0 



s 



is 

O «o 



S3 



s 



» S^r- 






Si o =3 id (B^iqs 



4> 2~ 

> C O 









«££§ 



S-o a? is 
a c o o 

COCflCGCG 



CO cf S 

-sis 

c3 e8 a> 

ftflft 

0QCCO2 






^Jg 






^cw<u*5<u r -'COa>iua>aj---.-o3eJ / / 

~ bobc-u . • S v ^ jaj m ^ m C u ^ b£-^— >-3 a> a> a> 
., _ c * ce ci.^S'S't-nr^u ce cs S a>315 $ a> > > 

lOSMajOiCCcnCOlXiCCCCCftCCCCCtoCOaQOQCCCCCQCCCOCCCQCQQQ 



i g o c §> 



eo of oc *P *=> 



CO 02 



APPENDIX B 



321 



HOOO 
CNOKN 



11C «Orr O 
■OOi-l mco 






fieCrl 



;a 



lONHl 



'(C!OfqiOCCH(N010r 



as; 



Z. 



d»ab< 



OC 00 ^ CO "^ •> 



^H CI &. 



23 oj 

- -T 






:&<»ooKcc<«acaoaoSaSxioooScSaca!x : x l ccx^ 







£i€€«j££££££££££££££££££&€*?j8~.?i - - , - P js_sij «££££ 



a> o c o 



teGGCEGGaaGGasGCGGcfiaQoGoGGGcccooQaDaQoGcciocoaoCGC^ 
V 



322 



APPENDIX B 




g& ft 

aa a 

o o o 

xix: si 



Haas Si.n.siSS'CSBs'c-Jss^SSS .55st,sc? 
.cca si ,axi±;:3.S:H ooooocoooocoooot- t- s- t. *-. 
b*b<H H HHHE-iHHHHHEhHHHHE-iE-i&hHHHHHE-'E-iHH 



APPENDIX B 



323 



<N<oeo : : r 


X* 
CM 




«ocirHrj< : : r- iiooh^hn : cc to : :o : »r> <o to :hhmo 
ih : : : »o wnn : : ;«© :<OTt<in> ;eoeo r-< 
tji ; . oj .1-1 





cncno-^o ; 



cn 




iOiooo r-^r-i-r-o :r^r^-rtiTt<oai-^ocN :cocs i eoiOeo'0<©so : ed 

OOlO • rH l^ ■*}< <M •COOCOC5COCOl-Ot> .coCO-g»OOlDOOI>CT> ; O 
HNH J CN -* CN jICCC^Tl (Ml-llCtO ;00 CO" -1 © 1-1 "S> ;CO 


00 a 



lOr-(Cr>CO»-iCOO-Tj<CM05iMi-ITt<05rHOCOi-(CT> I -ICiOCr-c»;cOOCt^3005, 
M»CCrt01i-lO)Oir3MiOO)l^COHX»0)tOi-HOiO«Hl>^t»XHI 
i-l l—l »— I l— I H1-1H rl i-ICN < 



llOCOT-HTfOirHI^-CNCMCNCO! 



.-HOC 

cc co: 



A« 



rHCOCOCftl 



CC 

o 

00 



) 06 CC 00 CC CC X 30 CC X CO CO CO CC 00 30 cc cc cc cc cc 00 x 06 ' 



s 






Jc€! 

X X 



o co'ic -* ■* ic cm >c 00 into tt h 
cr. x ~ ~. ~. 1^ Looroa u~ 



; K g 



ct> o4 cn ci 10 eo eo ■># e>i 



V 

xi : 

C O S3 0>T3 

1*839 

01 



S3 

* 

S3 O 
S3 ■? 

0) -"> 

£ H 
a> - 

«H 



gS-G 

fsg§ 



■2*2 

C s3 

P£ 

.co 

. C303 . 



S3 P. rt 3 S3 ?3 






"ft 



S~. 









. O- fe fc£ •> ^ S, ' 
^s3^~- mP ' 



>~2-2>a.- 



CD 

j=-sj <D c3,g y 

O CD S3 S3*t3 g 
~ a. aj c 3 £ 

s3coOE-<«cq 



• af*a 

>-> to 1 - 1 
&§£ 
ISA 

^33 



: - ", 



pi 

s£o,cq 



g g P S3 ££> 
ci m -'".S3 m 

as Hi 8 






1 .1-1 -U O) . 



cS 



9"S 



2^3 



U°3l 



CO 



IPW 

xfx3" 



^l§w"d^ 






WW 



"^ .SJa-Sgrf I ™ <?g^ g" g || I g 



^^43^ 



<- W t, tn ^-> t- «" - ^ 

^S-^-^ S3 - ' 



P o % 2 S3 ^3 
J- cc S3 S3 S S3 



§J 



■3|t-|'^|ls^|^l^Ifs-a^ 



.S3.2.S-C-C S ! l ) Q>flr« t H r^ -^-- r .f3?w^• Q3^0 r. <^<1J ^ <1, O^rg.^.-SS 
^&&S3s:Ss3c3s3rf.-3c;e373c3c3s3c3s3r3 eiS.S.S C O O O S «i^^^^^ 



CccS3SS3s3S3?5SSs:s:Ss3c3s3rf.-i-c3^s3s3e3s3s3 



324 



APPENDIX B 



•SKSIUVg 



(Nect-oo :«o«Tjt 



'?$£ 



•sKOwaas 



•ssaaAV 



MSS^o 



:°PT. 



1> ■* ■"* 03 ^ T «» 



)Tl<(NOOlftCOHM»OOOOi 



d>i. 



(jlHOO 



DooSS»^coooooScoooococ«o8ocacc8ScC'aca6ocQCoooDScco6oc«S 



•a o3« 



0) cj O 



£ 63- 



egg 



<x> <v $> 



^. i- e <u '•' 15 

& c3 Etc gil 

(S r- « « w (I) 






S "S'S $ a £££ <= S? >.s i| g a^ g s-g s s£ 

/-\ O ^ _ w _i ** —, — . rtw. □ ^ ~ e^, ._d V •"-" C3 03 »— « £-< »-^ •-. rt* 



11 

es > 



■3S 

o 0» 

4gW 



:sa 



?r*br«2. 



£5 CD 43 43 

g a: co co 

«S S^s! O O O F^ 3 cj cj-s O i 3 C" ^-^i-,: d «r^>> « 



c*rj bcis £ S 5 £ £« 



.2- 






i:o5 



£^3 









- - - -fllrlD-J 

CUCUCUCU.— » LJ t-it-fc- 



co cc . 

33C 

coo 









cSoj«rfiS^idcSirfc«e3s3ejeje3«3cj(So3(^oScS<^cSo3cucp<]ja)a)cuaia)a> 
££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££ 



APPENDIX B 



3^5 



ootHioaoeo 


SW°g ;S 


:onnx : m 00 1-1 1^ 1-1 1-1 00 

:r-l t-i-r ;<M <OrHr-ieNiH 


t^OMOO : 
00 r1 ^ oi : 


deoia-^ : : : 


eoeooo : 

co xi in • 

1-1CC r-iC* • 


■ r-io«o oj c^ 

:-<*<<N rlr-l 


sown :m iTft^oaiNO : 


: : or- ooi-i 


Oi-iooeo :«o 

lOCCrH .iH 



l<CiOiniiC<NiC<MJ>eCuOCOi-l<NiOmiClM 









00 r- t* :<•'■< ; o> u - tj< juji.nwoqv . «< t^ ».- «. 
ig cc © eo odci r- 00 cc o o 1- 5;" iA t'doo c<fc<i o>««tOHaoMX<OMicoi 

CCO000000000C»OC0O*0Oa0OCOCCCOC00X!XX00X«5COX)O0QCCCOCa!O0O0«)O0C 






1 ci m in t» m 

(0C0C XO0 0O 



■ t-l 
to o 

! 53 01 






fl-2 2 2 

-. 2 aj n 

pqSOOS 



1> C ^ 






^ 






>>'-3 



"3 

Si 






03PCl,O 



- 

: 









8.£2.3 o| 



O j« 9 



o=g 

■ a *aiii 

w 2o|c 






■c w "£.S 




( JP« 



326 



APPENDIX B 



'SKSIl<IYa 



•SNOKaas 



•ssaaAV 



TjtT}<Og 



irt <N CO n< ic 00 O <N iC in O 



~Z%; 



iCOiNOi 



OC lO 

8 l - 



SS! 



3C X ■g; 



: ?: 



:: DOMtCO»»0>NO*TfO 



no 
coup 

JO "3- t^ 05 TP 

. — mr-^ccLrTco 
crsrrc^ccTrcciccoo5-*cococ<iTrc<:TrccMoCGCr~owC5cc'^r-^roccoiNTr l i-~C5"!j< 

«XOCOC«XX«XXXXXXX«XXXXXX«XXXXXX«X«««) 



iS"Sff 






u 



a 



£§£ 
-co c 



laS^- 
's 3 2 fe 3 
?Jgg.S.g 

:ccco<;oc 



. „ |'.2 

if i Uii 



3 
c 

3 o 



.S3' 

§ 1 : 

pSt, 

§61 

■23°. 



5S> 

§°& 

•r.» 3cl, 

63 fl s i— CD 



OX! 
CO 00 



aSi-a 



ill 



0) 

as- 



of : £> o3 a 

COS ■.(!>- - rt 



2-2 









.feH&- 



§ la c§ § § 



) « => * 3 3 ° S 






w 



"§2 ^2 ? 



fcX&nSJ 



as'. . 

ej e3 cc co i 



= «" 



:« 

' CD 
;N CO 






.3 .2.2 c o c c c o o o o y ,r£ £ -« 5 t3 -e tj -c ^ -c t: -d t) -c jrf « Trf n 

r~r:-z:s~""".-.= -i.-i".- c c c c c c c c o c c c c »- u, 

£££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££ 



APPENDIX B 



327 



OJTfNrHO 



OCOCOCODCCXOCCOOO 



^ ,* ^ 

-C — > 
I!* 





0--02 . 



i9p 



on 



DC c3 

our 



xs.cc ££H £ S bo 
tucbBbcbcbcbogsg 

•n "fl *n 'C "C 'c >■• x § 



t"30 
o> 5, d 

.S'S'S 

|"3§ 

od2 

3 <u d 

w 0>XJ 

.S'wxs 

OJ3 S 






B2Z 



•2 t> p, 

03 A « 

ill 

§ B 5 



£•*** - 
m ' >» 

m G O) O 

^ft« 

•2 m 9 a 

X! t« a O 

aa^ii 



«»£ d 

X! d d+» 

r^-C 00 tj 

©■*> cn.d 

°3 a ej 
I j= 0< 2. e ' 



Km 



Q SOrH 

£.2.2 



APPENDIX C 



Members of the Board of the Hamilton Missionary 
Society and State Missionary Convention. 

The first column of figures indicate the year when elected, the second 
the close of service. 



Averill, Asa 1824-29 

Abbott, Aaron 1831-33 

Arthur, Wm 1836-60 

Ainsworth. S. S 1848-56 

Adsit, S., Jr 1849-64 

Angier, A 1851-54 

Armory, R. K 1855-68 

Anderson, M. B 1857-69 

Adsit, Sam 1861-68 

Allen, Thos 1865-67 

Anderson, T. D 1866-68 

Allen, Geo 1867-69 

Adams, J. N 1868-77 

Ambler, E. C 1868-69 

Anderson, Galusha 1872-76 

Andrews, N. L 1874-79 

Butler, Ora 1807 

Bennett, Alfred 1810-51 

Beckwith, Roswell 

Baker, Nathan 

Brown, Oliver 1807 

Beebee, Alex. M 1821-56 

Bradley, Joshua 1822-24 

Babcock, Rufus 1824-41 

Blain, John 1824-43 

Blakesley, Eliada 1824-26 

Bostwick, John 1828-29 

Blodgett, J 1829-34 

Burchard, Seneca B 1831-61 

Burke, Joshua A 1832-52 

Brown, Wm. B 1833-46 

Bright, Edw., Jr 1833-61 

Benedict, J 1834-35 

Bowen, John 1835-48 

Benedict, Geo 1835-46 

Bellamy, David 1835-64 

Bellamy, Jonathan 1837-44 

Burdick, Elias 1838-45 

Brown, Philip P 1838-^9 

Baldwin, Henrv F 1838-45 

Bennett, Dolphas 1839-68 

Babcock, Rufus, Jr 1841-46 

Bevan, Isaac 1845-50 

Backus, J. S 1846-71 

Butterfield, Isaac 1846-74 

Baldwin, G. C 1848-60 

Brownson, J. K 1849-50 



Brown, Wm 1849-67 

Brooks, W. R 1849-68 

Barton, D. R 1849-71 

Bright, Thos 1849-50 

Butterfield, J 1849-53 

Binney, J. G 1851^52 

Beecher, L. F 1849-63 

Blackmer, Jirah 1S50-52 

Burroughs, J. C 1852-53 

Brown, Theron 1853-58 

Briggs, O. W 1853-59 

Bacon, C. L 1853-68 

Bainbridge, S. M 1856-65 

Barrell, A. C 1856-69 

Bliss, E. W 1856-68 

Burbank, G. W 1856-63 

Bright, Edw 1857-70 

Briggs, O. N 1857-58 

Bates, L. C 1858-68 

Burrows, R. S 1858-63 

Boardman, G. D 1858-64 

Bowen, Henry 1859-68 

Burlingame, A. H 1864-65 

Burr, Jas. H 1860-97 

Brigham, Geo. H 1862-72 

Burwell, Ira D 1863-68 

Brackett, J. B 1863-71 

Briggs, B. S 1863-67 

Burton, D. R v 1864-65 

Bridgeman, C. D'W 1864-80 

Burlingham, A. H 1864-67 

Bigelow. J. F 1864-67 

Benedict, E. L 1865-69 

Burdick, Sam. C 1867-69 

Buckland, R. J. W 1867-69 

Behrends, A.J. F 1867-72 

Bishop, N 1868-70 

Brooks, C. W 1868-69 

Brown, T. E 1868-74 

Bailey. C 1868-74 

Bidwell, S. S 1870-71 

Braisted, A. W 1871-72 

Barnes, G. W 1873-74 

Bush, John 1871-74 

Burdick, E. W 1873-74 

Brouner, J. J 1873-86 

Bond, O. M 1874-82 

Blanchard, O. D 1874-75 

3 2 9 



33° 



APPENDIX C 



Brigham, E. P 1882-93 

Barnes, H. W 1886 

Brokaw, J 1888-94 

Bitting, W. C 1890 

Butrick, W. H 1892-95 

Bronson, F. E 1893 

Buttrick, Wallace 1895 

Bishop, L. J. P 1895 

Bourn, A. W 1897 

Coley, Joseph 

Cole, Nathaniel -26 

Cox, Thomas 

Card, Jos 

Cornstock, Elkanah 1821-24 

Coinstock, O. C 1821-38 

Clark, Joel W 18-/4-26 

Cook, Martin E 1824-29 

Cone, Spencer H 1824-55 

Colgate, Wm 1824-56 

Carpenter, Calvin G 1826-69 

Culver, Nathaniel 1827-29 

Cobb, Wm 1832-64 

Cole, JirahD 1833-53 

Covell, Alanson L 1834-37 

Curtis, Wm. B 1835-66 

Church, Pharcellus..., 1836-69 

Clark, Richard 1836-39 

Case, Zenas 1838-40 

Choules, JohnO 1838-43 

Clark, Ichabod 1839-18 

Clarke, Wm 1839-69 

Case, Zenas, Jr 1840-41 

Case, Alonzo 1843-64 

Chamberlain, J. H 1845-50 

Corwin, David 1847-49 

Corey, D. G 1847-86 

Clapp, W. S 1848-72 

Clark, Chas 1848-49 

Cormac, W 1849-50 

Chandler, C. N 1849-64 

Chapman, S. S 1849-50 

Capwell, A. B 1850-51 

Church, Leroy 1850-53 

Corey, S. A 1853-63 

Crane, W. 1 1855-62 

Case, A. A 1855-56 

Colby, L 1855-56 

Cole, A. T 1856-68 

Cleghorn, A 1857-68 

Cheshire, J. E 1858-63 

Clark, C. A 1858-60 

Cutting, S. S 1860-71 

Cherryman, R 1861-74 

Culver, S. W 1862-68 

Carpenter, Wm 1866-69 

Chapman, J. H 1866-69 

Colgate, C. C 1867-69 

Clapp. Geo. H 1867-69 

Colgate, Rob 1868-69 

Colgate, J. D 1868-72 

Conger, Dr 1868-69 

Chaplin, A.J 1868-69 

Cornell, R. C 1868-69 

Crane, E. F 1868-69 

Cooper, Jas 1868-69 

Cull, Thomas 1868-69 

Colgate, J. B 1869-71 

Clark, G. W 1870-71 



Cobb, D. A 1871-72 

Cooper, Geo 1871-73 

Clarke, M. G 1871-75 

Crane, C. C 1872-80 

Coit, Albert 1872 

Conger, H. M 1873-74 

Chivers, E. E 1873-96 

Cutting, C. H 1874-80 

Cole, Austin H 1879-80 

Calvert, J. B 1880 

Cornell, R. G 1880-85 

Clapp, T. E 1882-86 

Crandall, L. A 1882-89 

Coats, A. S 1895 

Chapman, A 1897 

Coats, W. B 1897 

Durfee, Wm 

Dimock, Davis 1834-37 

Davis, Henry 1835-53 

Dowling, John 1837-52 

Daniels, Wm 1846-49 

Dodge, Orrin 1847-68 

Daniels, H 1849-65 

Dickinson, E. W 1850-51 

Dennison, N 1853-54 

Dennison, C. W 1856-57 

Dean, Ezra 1862-68 

Davis, E. S 1863-69 

Day, H. G 1866-71 

Davis, Judson 1867-69 

Danforth, H. M 1868-69 

Day, S. S 1868-89 

Dixon, W. T 1869-70 

Douglass, S. J 1871-74 

Dawson, Geo 1872-80 

Deane, J. H 1879-85 

Deland, H. A 1879 

Delano, H. A 1882-86 

Daniels, P. C 1882-97 

Duncan, S. W 1884-88 

Day.H. S 1886-94 

Dickerson, Frank 1895 

Dutcher, Geo. H 1896 

Dean, Charles R 1900 

Eldredge, Daniel 1830-43 

Elliot, Joseph 1831-38 

Elliott, Jesse 1838-63 

Edwards, Hervey 1839-63 

Eddy, H. J 1846-73 

Ewell, Henry B 1846-71 

Everts, Wm. W 1850-54 

Earl, Joseph 1851-69 

Eaton, J. W 1854-56 

Eaton, G. W 1857-69 

Emory, I. W 1865-74 

Everts, N. R 1868-71 

Elder, J. F 1885-86 

Ferris, Jonathan 

Freeman, Frederick 

Furman, David 1827-34 

Field, T. F 1829-32 

Fuller, CvrenusM 1829-49 

Fulton, John 1 1833-36 

Fox, Norman 1835-58 

Fletcher, Joshua 1836-47 

Fletcher, Leonard 1810-43 



APPENDIX C 



33* 



Freeman, Zenas 1844-59 

Fox, Chas. A 1848-69 

Fuller, T 1849-60 

Fuller, M 1849-50 

Fulton, John 1850-59 

Fox, A. R 1852-64 

Freeman, A. L 1856-59 

Fulton, J. D 1860-63 

Fargo, Isaac 1860-63 

Folwell, J. N 1865-70 

Frost, A. J 1868-69 

Foote, E. J 1869-70 

French, Jas 1870-72 

Fisher, H. H 1871-72 

Fisher, Geo 1871-96 

Fox.Alanson J 1874-88 

Faunce, W. H. P 1890-99 

Fuller, A. K 1893 

Francis, J. A 1897 

Field, J. N 1897 

Goodell, Warren 

Gilbert, Nath. J -32 

Gillett, Simeon 

Goodale, Solomon 1821-37 

Gier, Isaac 1821-24 

Guitteau, Francis 1822 

Griswold, Horace 1824-36 

Green, Enoch 1829-32 

Gilbert, Joshua 1829-45 

Gregory, Seth 1830-69 

Garrow, Nath 1831-41 

Gillett, Philander D 1833-36 

Greene, W 1834-35 

Going, Jonathan 1836-37 

Gilbert, Sam 1838-49 

Gorton, P. R 1843-45 

Grennell, Zelotes 1843-47 

Going, Eliab 1845-58 

Goadbv, John 1848-49 

Galusha, Elon 1848-56 

Graves, Chas 1849-73 

Gross, H. L 1850-60 

Gifford, Isaac C 1850-51 

Gifford, I. S 1851-69 

Gillette, A. D 1852-64 

Green, H. K 1855-58 

Groom, Wm., Jr 1860-63 

Gifford, J. S 1861-62 

Gregory, S. B 1863-65 

Gallaher, H. M 1868-69 

Grennell, Z., Jr 1869-71 

Gurlev, Wm 1872-74 

Gilmore, J. H 1872-74 

Gallup, E. S 1872-74 

Grimmell, J. C 1873-74 

Gurley, L. E 1878-96 

Griffith, J. H 1880-83 

Greenwood, M. 1 1897 

Graves, Gilbert S 1900 

Hosmer, Ashbel 1807-12 

Hascall, Daniel 1807-52 

Hull, Chas. W 

Haynes, Sylvenius 1821-27 

Howard, Leland 1824-49 

Harrison, John C 1826-32 

Harris, John 1827-36 

Herrick, Elijah 1827-47 



Hubbell, ElishaD 1827-39 

Humphrey, Friend 1828-54 

Hartshorn, Chancellor 1829-49 

Harpum, John 1830-34 

Hill, Benj. M 1833-58 

Hubbell, Alrick 1847-68 

Hobby, Uriah 1837^8 

Hascall, Asa 1838-45 

Hodge, Jas. L 1839-69 

Hascall, Abel 1845-65 

Harris, L. L 1848-49 

Huntley, L. J 1849-50 

Hotchkiss, V. R 1849-74 

Haff, H. H 1849-50 

Harrington, D 1850-56 

Hansel, W. F 1851-54 

Hodge, M. G 1852-61 

Holme, J. S 1853-68 

Howard, W. G 1853-57 

Hewes, C. W 1852-58 

Hastings, Joseph 1853-57 

Harvey, G. W 1853-56 

Hague, Wm 1854-62 

Harris, J. M 1854-69 

Hopper, A. M 1858-60 

Harbottle, J. G 1858-68 

Hiscox, E. T 1858-72 

Houiett, T. R 1859-61 

Huntley, G. W 1862-66 

Hillman, S.T 1863-95 

Hopkins, IraD 1864-74 

Hunt, H. P 1868-71 

Hedstrom,E. L 1868-82 

House, T. J. B 1868-71 

Husted, W. H 1868-69 

Hutchins, H 1868-69 

Hammond, W. W 1868-69 

Hughes, D. C 1868-69 

Humphrey, T. F 1869-70 

Homes, M. W 1869-70 

Harris, J. N 1871-72 

Holt, W 1871-74 

Hoyt, Wayland 1871-82 

Hendricks, J 1872-74 

Harris, F. W 1873-74 

Humphrev, W 1873-74 

Hunt, E. P 1873-74 

Havnes, L. M. S 1873-95 

Hastings, A. F 1875-81 

Hawthorne, J. B 1875-77 

Hull, R. B 1877 

Herr, J. D 1878-81 

Huntley, B. E 1881 

Humpstone, John 1884 

Hatt, S. S 1896 

Hungate, J. A 1897-99 

Hutchinson, J. M 1899 

Irish, David 1807 

Ide, Geo. B 1835-36 

Ilsley, Silas 1850-74 

Isaacs, Wm. M 1878-82 

Jeffries, John 1821-46 

Justin, 1 1833-45 

Judd, Willard 1838-40 

Johnson, Elias 1843-44 

Jeffrey, R 1851-57 

James, E 1852-54 



33* 



APPENDIX C 



Jones, M. M 1857-67 

Jessup, B. F 1861-74 

Jewett, Milo P 1863-67 

Johnson, S. \V 1868-69 

Judson, L. P 1868-70 

Jones, H. M 1868-69 

Jones, J 1872-74 

Jen-is, H. C. S 1872-74 

Johnson, Ralph 1874-77 

Jones, T. R 1887-92 

Jones, R. T 1900 

Kelsey, Philander -39 

King, John S 

Keep, John 

Kendrick, Nath 1824-48 

Kingsford, Edw 1834-38 

Knapp, Jacob 1841-48 

King, Wm. H 1856-74 

Kalloch, I. S 1863-64 

Keyes, J. J 1865-68 

Kendrick, J. R 1866-70 

Knapp, H. W 1868-70 

Knapp O. F 1870-87 

King, G. 1871-73- 

Kennard, J. Spencer 1872-74 

King, H. M 1886-91 

Knowles, Charles R 1899 

Lawton, John 1824-38 

Lathrop, Daniel 1821 

Leonard, Lewis 1824-56 

Lathrop, Jason 1826-32 

Leach, E 1833-35 

Leach, Beriah N 1835-67 

Ludlow. John R 1836-48 

Litchfield, Elisha 1837-46 

Lefever, R 1810-43 

Loriug, Horatio N 1845-47 

Litchfield, D. W 1846-57 

Lamb, R. P 1849-68 

Lathrop, Edw 1850-66 

Lincoln, T. 1851-66 

Ludlam, David, Jr 1854-68 

Lashur, G. W 1863-64 

Livermore, M 1868-72 

Litchfield, E. C 1868-69 

Leach, D. F 1868-69 

Learned, W. C 1868-70 

Lowrv, R 1868-69 

Lecompte, E. A 1869-74 

Litchfield, E. B 1869-70 

Lane, H. F 1869-80 

Lawson. Albert G 1882-84 

Morton, Salmon 

Morse, John 1822-24 

Manro, John 1826-60 

Manro, Squire 1824-35 

Manro, P. A 1831-32 

Morton, Chas 1831-33 

Maclay, Archibald 1824-48 

Malcom, Howard 1824-26 

Mattison, J 1826-27 

McAllister, Alvin 1831-33 

Miner, Absalom, Jr 1838-43 

Metcalf, Whitman 1839-68 

McLallen, Jas 1846-59 

Mason, J.0 1847-68 



Morrison, J. H 1849-51 

McCarthy, W 1849-50 

Morey, Reuben 1849-65 

Milne, A 1850-66 

Mallory, A. C 1850-70 

Marshall, Enos 1862-68 

Mikels, W. S 1851-65 

Magoon, E. L 1851-68 

Moore, W. W 1853-55 

Munro, D. A 1854-94 

McFariand, D 1855-68 

Milne, H 1855-56 

Moore, David, Jr 1863-70 

Mikels, W. G 1865-66 

Marshall, B. D 1866-73 

Mangam, Wm. D 1867-68 

Mattison, L. J 1867-69 

Moseley, A 1868-71 

Matteson, S. J 1868-69 

Mallory, O. E 1868-74 

Mallory, J. C 1868-72 

Maynard, W. A 1868-69 

Mervill, J. D 1868-69 

Morley, B 1868-69 

Morrill, Abner 1868-73 

Maynard, W. H 1869-70 

Merrill, S. P 1869-74 

Miller, J. H 1869-74 

Mills, E 1869-74 

Mumford, N 1870-74 

Martin, A 1870-71 

Mallory, E. T 1870-71 

Mudge, W 1870-71 

Muzzy, L 1871-72 

Maynard, W. H 1871-72 

McArthur, R. S 1871 

Marsh, S.V 1872-73 

Mumford, M 1872-73 

McKinney, W 1872-74 

Morehouse, Henry L 1874-81 

Morse, F. R 1879-83 

Middlebrook, C. D 1883 

Montgomery, R. B 1886-89 

Munro, J. S 1894 

Mason, J. H 1900 

Newton, Isaac 1835-38 

Nickerson, James 1836-49 

Nott, R. M 1860-66 

Nash, C. H 1870-71 

Nesbit, E 1872-74 

Noble, R. W 1893-99 

Olmsted, Jonathan 1807-43 

Otis, Nathaniel 1838-45 

Otley, Wm 1846-50 

Olcott, Jas. B 1849-56 

Osborn, J. W 1849-55 

Osborn, F. E 1868-69 

Omans, W. P 1869-70 

Osborne, A. C 1872-95 

Overhiser, J. C 1879-92 

Peck, John -50 

Peck, Nathan -38 

Purinton, Thomas -53 

Powell, Robert 18 — 33 

Payne, Elisha 

Pierce, Benj 



APPENDIX C 



333 



Payne, Sam 

Purdy, James 

Pettit, Geo 1822-24 

Peck, Abijah 1828-29 

Pease, David 1826-46 

Purser, Thos 1824-26 

Phoenix, Sam. F 1831-37 

Putnam, Dan 1824-68 

Powell, Thos 1835-36 

Perkins, Aaron 1835-48 

Putnam, Benj 1836-45 

Parr, Sylvester S 1837-40 

Phippen, Geo 1838-40 

Purinton, D. B 1843-63 

Pierce, Alvah 1844-45 

Peck, PhiletusB 1845-47 

Purinton, J. M 1846-48 

Parsons, I. S 1846-49 

Perry, E. T 1848-49 

Pixlev, J. B 1849-68 

Pattehgill, L. C 1849-66 

Perry, E. G 1849-54 

Parke, S. P 1850-51 

Parker, Aaron 1850-68 

Pinney, Alfred 1853-55 

Palmer, A. S 1854-55 

Paine, Lemuel C 1860-68 

Perkins, N. M 1861-63 

Pattengill, C. N 1861-81 

Priest, Zenas C 1863-68 

Patton, A.S 1864-74 

Pinney, H. D 1866-67 

Patterson, R. A 1866-67 

Peddie, J 1868-83 

Pope, J. D 1868-74 

Price, J. P 1868-69 

Powers, 1 1869-70 

Prentice, R. R 1870-72 

Perry, E 1871-72 

Potter, W. T 1871-74 

Peabody, W. H 1872-74 

Pvle, Jas 1872-98 

Peters, G. M 1872-74 

Pahnatier, A. B 1872-73 

Page, C. J 1872-74 

Palmer, M. C 1873-74 

Pratt, Chas 1873-74 

Pratt, S. H 1873-74 

Parker, A. R 1873-74 

Perry, Wm. H 1874-75 

Putnam, J. W 1874-75 

Plummer, John F 1877-81 

Proctor, W. L 1881-97 

Prentice, A. M 1883 

Pettit, Curtis 1885-93 

Preston, Jerome 1888-96 

Phillips, J. W 1891 

Peck, W. S 1896 

Philpot, W. A 1899 

Roots, Peter B 

Ransom, Elisha 

Rindge, Isaac 

Roboids, 1 1833-35 

Roe, Wm 1836-45 

Reed, Jas 1841-58 

Richmond, J. L 1844^9 

Ravmond, R. R 1848-52 

Reed, D. D 1848-49 



Reed, N. A 1850-52 

Richardson, Wm 1857-61 

Remington, F 1859-60 

Reid, Douglas J 1861-68 

Reid, Wm 1863-69 

Reid, J. R 1864-65 

Robins, H. E 1868-74 

Rhodes, C 1869-71 

Rose, Northrup 1870-71 

Remsen, J. R 1871-72 

Reeves, D. M 1872-73 

Rogers, Thos 1873-74 

Read, Dan 1874-80 

Rawson Geo. W 1874-78 

Rockwell, Erastus 1887-89 

Smith, Amos 1822-53 

Sessions, Amasa 1826-39 

Stone, Eli 1828-49 

Swaim, Calvin H 1826-31 

Swaim, Benj 1826-31 

Spaulding, Silas 1826-34 

Sutherland. Simon 1827-65 

Smitzer, John 1827-69 

Stanford, John 1828-34 

Stokes, Thos 1828-32 

Somers, Chas. G 1828-31 

Smith, Amasa 1828-65 

Sawin, Benj 1830-38 

Sage, Oren 1832-66 

Sawyer, J. W 1833-35 

Savage, Eleazer 1833-46 

Smith, Albert G 1835-46 

Safford, Hiram 1837-40 

Sheldon, Asa 1838-40 

Sprague, Ezra 1830-49 

Smith, P. M 1844-45 

Smith, Howell 1845-50 

Simmons, Jona P 1845-60 

Sheldon, Clesson P 1845-77 

Stearns, John G 1847-68 

Stone, Marsena 1848-53 

Shotwell, S. R 1849-50 

Smith, H. A 1849-68 

Smith, Harry 1849-51 

Stimson, H. K 1849-58 

Spafford, E 1849-58 

Spratt, G. M 1849-50 

Sawyer, Conant 1849-74 

Sunderlin, A. W 1849-68 

Sheardown, T. S 1849-61 

Shedd, Philander 1850-55 

Seely, John T 1850-86 

Smith, J. A 1850-55 

Stanwood, Henry 1851-56 

Sawyer, E 1852-63 

Spoor, J. W 1852-71 

Stowell, A. H 1852-55 

Simmons, J. B 1869-71 

Stimson, S. M 1852-59 

Sheldon, Smith 1852-72 

Swick, B. R 1854-71 

Smith, J. B 1855-82 

Smith, J. Hvatt 1855-59 

Spencer, W.'H 1855-63 

Scott, J. R 1857-61 

Simpson, S. D. W 1858-63 

Strong, A 1860-68 

Southerland, S 1861-62 



334 



APPENDIX C 



Scranton, W. H 1864-71 

Smith, S. G 1865-78 

Smith, L. M 1866-68 

Sage, Wm. H 1866-68 

Sawyer, E. R 1868-74 

Slirimpton, C. J 1868-73 

Smith, E 1868-69 

Spafford, L. E 1869-72 

Sage, W. N 1869-83 

Storrs, W 1869-72 

Sarles, J. W 1869-74 

Sherer, F 1870-72 

Shafter, E. P 1870-74 

Smith, Leonard 1870-72 

Satterlee, L. R 1870-71 

Stowell, L. S 1871-74 

Smith, J. G 1872-74 

Schulte, Geo. A 1872-74 

Shaw, J. R 1873-74 

Starkweather, G. W 1873-74 

Sanders, H. M 1877 

Squires, J. S 1878-98 

Smith, C. E 1879-82 

Smith, H. M 1880-82 

Sherwood, II. W 1886 - 

Schulte, T. E 1892 

Streeter, C. W 1899 

Torrey, Sam 

Twiss, J. S 1821-26 

Tucker, Elisha 1829-49 

Townsend, Palmer 1835-45 

Taylor, S. W 1843-45 

Taggart, Jos. W 1845-58 

Tucker, Levi 1848-49 

Taylor, D 1849-50 

Taylor, O. D 1849-55 

Taylor, E. E. L 1850-68 

Tower, H 1853-68 

Teeple, J. J 1853-56 

TenBroeck, A 1854-56 

Tayntor, Orsemus 1854-61 

Tilden, A 1860-68 

Titus, S. W 1863-65 

Thomas, J. B 1866-76 

Trevor, J. B 1868-69 

Tower, W. N 1868-74 

Todd, Theo 1868-69 

Turnbull, G. P 1869-70 

Tolman, J. N 1871-72 

Taylor, F. \V 1872-98 

Todd, A. H 1873-74 

Upfold, John 

Underhill, C. H 1849-51 

Vilas, Erastus 1838-49 

Vogell, H. C 1848-63 

Virgil, A 1856-60 

Van Alstine, D 1862-84 

Vassar, John E 1863-69 

Vrooman, J. B '. 1868-69 

Van Housen, J. B 1869-74 

Votey, C. A 1869-70 

Van Antwerp, Wm. M 1872-96 

Van Horn, Burt 1874-78 

Warren, Obed 

Wakely, Ebenezer 1807-49 



Wickerson, Jas 

Williams, John 1824-26 

Waldo, Camel 1826-27 

Wetmore, Asher 1826-27 

Wyckoff, Cornelius 1827-56 

Whiting, N. N 1827-35 

Witherall, Geo 1828-29 

Welch, Bartholomew T 1829-45 

Worden, Jesse B 1829-35 

Wilson, Isaac 1830-33 

Winsor, W 1830-32 

Wheeler, Geo 1832-33 

Weaver, Elijah 1832-35 

Witter, Wm 1833-47 

Williams, Wm. R 1835-49 

Wheelock, Alonzo 1837-63 

Westcott, Isaac 1837-68 

Wolverton, Asa 1838-43 

Wilkins, Stephen 1838-49 

Warner, Thos. A 1838-45 

Wilbur, Orrin 1840-49 

Wisner, Wm. H 1841-45 

Winegar, Reuben 1845-65 

Wisner, Wm.A 1847-49 

Williams, Gibbon 1848-53 

Webb, Wm. R 1848-49 

Winegar, R., Jr 1848-51 

Wright, Lyman 1849-74 

Woodward, Jonas 1849-56 

Warren, J. G 1849-55 

Wardner, C 1850-71 

West, Hezekiah 1850-56 

Walker, Geo. C 1850-68 

Walden, J. H 1853-57 

White, Sam 1856-63 

Webb, John N 1856-67 

Wyckoff, W. H 1857-58 

Wilson. J. R 1858-59 

Wisner, R. P 1858-68 

Weston, H. G 1862-68 

Webster, J. D 1863-68 

Wines, W. H 1864-69 

Wheeler, R 1864-68 

Ward, John C 1864-74 

Woodruff, L. M 186-5-68 

Woods, E. Arthur 1865-67 

Ward, A.M 1866-69 

Wood, L. L 1868-69 

Wyckoff, W. F 1868-69 

Wilkins, A 1869-74 

Waterbury, A 1869-71 

Waters, Horace 1869-74 

Webber, J. S 1870-73 

Way, S. P 1870-71 

Westervelt, John 1872-73 

Wilson, M. W 1872-73 

Wayte, Edwin , 1872-73 

Wilkinson, W. H 1872-74 

Whitman, W. W 1873-74 

Woodbury, D. A 1883 

Walker, W. M 1890-94 

Waffle, A. E 1896 

Wellman.A. Miner 1899 

York, Chas 1855-69 

Yeaman, W. P 1868-69 



APPENDIX D 



335 



CD 



Q 
X 

i— i 

Q 



M-l "5 





o 

4-> 


i-H 

.2 




•*-> 




ri 




<D 


00 


0) 




<U 


o 


> 




H 


00 


d 






hH 


o 






tf 


U 




4-» 




>-. 




U3 


•n 


ri 




4J 


<u 




£ 


r! 


o 




bJO 


^3 


CO 

CO 




c 


o 


s 




• i-H 


o 


4-> 
CO 




(U 


00 


4-» 
Oh 








m 




>-h 


• i-H 


» 




£ 

^j 


>^ 


CD 




4-» 


4-i 




o 


CJ 








O 

co 


O 
4-> 




bJO 




00 




4-1 
<L) 


hH 




<D 


o 


rt 




H 


co 






O 


CO 

9 


01 




<D 








U 


4-> 

4-1 


4-J 




bo 


03 


o 

CO 




£ 


CD 


>, 




o 


M 


i-H 




,c 


OJ 


CTJ 




CO 


J 


c 
o 




W 


CD 


CO 


vi 


M 


4-* 
O 


CO 

S 

4-1 


S-H 

O 




.2 


co 

Oh 






fT( 




o 




PQ 


M-l 

o 


H 
to 


c 

bJO 

!-h 

o 


CI 

o 

4-1 
• fH 

a 

ol 


CD 

4-> 

CO 




CD 


CD 




4-> 


ffi 


J3 

4-J 



gj r-H 

.0.,S 



■J „;S| 0^ — 43 03 

Sjg§e*S.S> 



— ^i,ln — w 'e3e3c3e3e3e3e3e3e3e3s3e3;3e3 
deaeSeSeaXliJJ^HlHli-liJ^lHHHH^liJ^^l 

£££££&H- flflflccficC=CS H 

.2.2.2.2.2 £.c.c.GAB,ei.c.cx:.c.c.c.c.= .a 

b^mmm ocoooooooocoooo 



£5 

C C 

WW 
©'3 



a> a> m 

aaa 

-^■-.P^PhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhChPhPhPhPh 
aflXJ-cCBSBcaflBCCCCfl 

wwj^cocoooooccccoco 



CI 

il 

PhPh 






•so 



fill . 



«5-§,|Sa' & g| 



Si ggSgl *»..,- 

■ - <D 03 ej O j3 



.•Sa^C-OOi30gc'oJo3aj^<i>0's3 

■I^XCJOhMCA^iO-.COXO'.O — ^MTf 
) O O O r— I — -— — — -— — — — — — — ~ ' "° " vl ^' "- 1 

i 00 00 CO X cc 



f-3 



XXXXXXXXXXXXX 



cm '6j 

XX 



;<NO :::::::; : 

lUrhmKtilHt^HNOSlNMHTHM 

«_g«asaaaBaaas§s§§3Sg=6 

3-"dOffla)ii)oa)a)<ua)rr?rrr. r *r'~ l 

3o3 c 7 jej 7 c j3j C j C jejiii«J«J < i ) a''Uci>aj5 
'^O^cococococQcocooaaifef&i^&Hlii^^fe^ 



3& 



APPENDIX D 



tf 




. c3 
'2 C 


X 




a* 


o 




c . 






S2 


P- 




CO o 


Jh" 








Bg 








«* 








H 








H 








# 








o 








H 








GO 










>>>>>>>> 




<x> o o cj 










P3 


££££ 


s 


^fcjifc, 


Pn 


n^xix! 


si si 83 S3 
















H w W &a 


. ! 








H 








o 
















fc 








fa 








O 










oopp 

fc. &H s-l — 


seen 





eS S3 83 83 


8 


3SSS 


JJOOO 




Oh 




SSS3 




QQ CQ OQ OG 




O 








» 
















H 


0) 






H 
















S 


& 






i* 


n 






o 


o 






w 


SB 




Ph 


^*S 


NO C^ 




53-° a35 




S^>W 




XCC0OO0 








rj 


« 


■-3 


H 




0)i-l i-l <N 
&UUU 






vem 
tobe 
tobe 
tobe 






COOCJ 




£C 


C 






5-5 






i t 

§l|wwl^l^l|||«l?S«|!|l^l 
S-gi 

C sj'o I 




Ci~K MCr-Off.MCLCi-iCiOO^ffiHOOJXffiiCOqXO. 
iHr-.CNNi-Hr^n(Nr-inrtr-iW«HrtrHnfJ(NT-lrtO> 

t_t*s-s-t-s-j-.;-.s-!-t-;-(-it.t-s-i-s.i:-s-.i-!- — — - <-• 

oij)OJ)fl)j)j)oa)iiD04)0)0)Osioo)o»a)ooau) 

22222222222222222222222222 

OOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOUO 

OCOOOOOOOCOCCOOCOCCOOOOOOO 



APPENDIX D 



337 



23 • 5 a5 






. bC*a 









SJT^wKogS 



.gco 
W . 



a . 
<n 9 
©8 



-ft : • 4 S 

: bo : : 3 2 
: o : : oA : w 



P 
Ohh 
fcd 
OH 



its™ **£%£>& 

~as*glrfi2 









\m$*ip s s 



pop- ;n<££'^ 

rvi r > rvi ■?■ /■•? r < . • -«< hi 



iWCHJ 









=111 § 



•m 



• 

III ;5 fl 

g bet? 3 ^ 



I?! I 



<i) cj 



wS£w«PuDOO<<£fciJCL.fH&«GG'B;W 



HNWrriOffl^OOffiOT 



oScCOC 



HHMHO 

- - - _«t- . 

-Tf (N rH O .Tf< CO tH 
CrHr-li-il-ICSi-lr-l flj 

flJCJCPCUCJDflJOSJCUCDOOCDOJCUCUCJOJSa 

OOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOIZ1 

w 



a bo 
a S • 



cu 



Bid 

<o H o 

03 « 3 



S>|^ «i » k «na m io .. . . 
"«?■ cja>a>a>a>a><D<wa> cu^o 

. .'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O 




X3 : 63 03 

^Eh'WW 



- Sseaes^oS^oecaoOflaoS 

£ = -aaaaaaaaaaaa 



aaa 



angiSiSgESSiSSiSESE 

OQ C3 H H H H E-5 H Eh H H H H Eh 



WWW 

EhEhEh 
S3 co co to cccocOcococoaicoco co cd cd 



g^eJJ 



jH c O X!"E "C '^ 'C "E 'E 'C 'E 'C >a 

^cx3<W««CQcqcqpqmpHmg 



■e-e-e 



COpq W ' 



So 



cxo 

CK 



to 

■1 
i 

a 
> 

n o o 



co<; 



a o-o 

ruiillii 



to* 



OOOO I 



)OC30 



MXJOlOi 

ooooooooi 



) CC 00 00 CC 00 00 



r-(CNecCN<N<NC<l<NCOCN<NCN< 

rH CC CK 00 1-~"iOtjT PO oT|> to IfTr)?" Oi 00 t> < 
i^ra<NCM(NC^(NCN(NCNCNCNCNCNc5c>1< 



OOOOOUOOCyOOOOOCCO 

oooooooocccooocoo 



33* 



APPENDIX D 



g a 
b « 'M d 

_: • T 1 § *« f- 1 r« *- • . • .*■<»■< 



« 



03cJc3e3e3s3e3c3e3e3 03X3.G 

a a a a a a a £p£P£psp.2.2 






S-.'^(-,Uf-if-it-il*t->Uf-it-(U 



pqoqcQPQfflPQMPQMCQPQCQCQ 



o : 

-S j 

S« : 

a> of <u 

— — - > a> ,<j •- 



111 



t^OW-ai 

OS O C72 O 
CO cc ceo 



COlOHMWifCe 
CCCCCT50CSOSC750SO 

cococccccccoccccgo 



IcNcNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCN 



3000003000003 

OOOOOOOOCJOOOO 

0000000000000 



APPENDIX E 



List of officers of the Baptist Missionary Conven- 
tion, including those who served the Hamilton Baptist 
Missionary Society : 



PRESIDENTS. 



Ashbel Hosmer 1807-12 

John Peck 1812-25 

Squire Manro 1 1821-25 

Elon Galusha 1825-13 

John Peck 1843-14 

Calvin G. Carpenter 1844-47 

John Sraitzer 1847-49 

Alfred Bennett 1843-51 

Lewis Leonard 1851-53 

Alexander M. Beebee 1853-55 

Whitman Metcalf 1855-57 

Henry C. Vogel 1857-58 



Clesson P. Sheldon 1858-60 

Lyman Wright 1860-61 

Daniel G. Corey 1861-63 

Edward T. Hiscox 1863-65 

Sewell S. Cutting 1865-67 

Clesson P. Sheldon 1867-72 

Henry E. Robbins 1872-73 

M. B. Anderson.2 E. Dodge 1873-74 

Edward Bright 1874-84 

Joseph F. Elder 1884-85 

Robert S. Mac Arthur 1885-86 

JohuB. Calvert 1886- 



CORRESPONDING SECRETARIES. 



Elisha Pavne 1807-12 

Joseph Coley 1812-13 

John Lawton 1813-25 

Elijah F. Willey 3 1821-25 

Elijah F. Willey 1825-27 

Calvin G. Carpenter 1827-35 

John Smitzer 1835-44 

Jirah D.Cole 1844-50 

Clesson P. Sheldon 1850-51 

Henry Stanwood 1851-52 

Luther F. Beecher 1852-53 



Marvin G. Hodge 1853-54 

C. W. Hewes 1854-55 

William Arthur 1855-56 

John Smitzer 1856-68 

James French 1868-70 

J. C. Ward 1870-71 

Miner G. Clarke 1871-74 

Edward Bright (acting) 1874-77 

Henry F. Lane 1877-79 

John B. Calvert 1879-86 

Henry W. Barnes 1886- 



TREASURERS. 



Jonathan Olmsted 1807-12 

Warner Goodell 1812-16 

Daniel Lathrop 1816-25 

Charles Babcock* 1821-25 

Charles Babcock 1825-50 

Ephraim Palmer 1850-52 

Smith Sheldon 1852-53 

E. James 1853-54 

Hiram Miller 1854-55 

Joseph Hastings 1855-57 

George C. Baldwin 18-57-58 

James H. Burr 1848-60 

Morven M. Jones 1860-62 



R. K. Ellenwood 1862-66 

Chauncy Boughton 1866-67 

B. T. Jessup 1867-68 

James French 1868-70 

J. C. Ward 1870-71 

Miner G. Clarke 1871-74 

Wm. H. Perry .' 1874-76 

Edward Bright (acting) 1876-85 

John B. Calvert 1885-87 

H. W. Barnes 1887-88 

T. R. Jones 1888-92 

Theo. E. Schulte 1892- 



1 The Baptist Domestic Missionary Convention of the State of New York pre- 
vious to the union with the Hamilton Society. 

2 Dr. M. B. Anderson filled out the unexpired term of Dr. Henry E. Robbins. 

3 The Domestic Missionary Convention. 

* From organization of the State Domestic Missionary Convention until 
union with Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society Dr. Babcock served as treas- 
urer twenty-nine years. 



339 



APPENDIX F 



Table showing the aggregate amount of missionary 
labor for the years named, with the total receipts. 
From 1868 to 1874 only the money expended on the 
field is reported ; the balance was paid into the treasury 
of the Home Mission Society : 





OB 


03 

g 


o5 

S 


1 

Pi 




CD 


to 

§ 


CO 

a 


i 

.2* 


1 


■8 


1 


1 


8 


1 




1 

to 


1 


"3 

05 


1825 








$2,735.39 
3,361.42 


1863 


1,612 


4,012 
3,989 


294 


$7,980.75 


1826 


336 




""209 


1864 


2,028 


151 


6,563.97 


1827 






160 


4,881.14 


1865 


1,716 


3,473 


187 


6,978.82 


1828 






29 


4,113.36 


1866 


1,670 


4,039 


321 


8,333.17 


1829 


'""393 




137 


4,682.62 


1867 


750 


1,596 


125 


6,896.20 


1830 






150 


5,204.28 
4,869.98 
8,307.24 


1868 
1869 
1870 


483 

924 

1,263 


1,072 
2,568 
4,037 


201 
205 
274 


2.268.11 


1831 


""276 
650 




14,175.00 


1832 






13,009.38 


1833 


2,600 






8,073.53 


1871 


1,348 


3,355 


98 


13,051.00 


1834 


1,560 






8,841.27 


1872 


1,755 


4,630 


380 


13,606.80 


1835 


2,089 




""365 


14,509.41 


1873 


1,944 


6,018 


303 


15,687 44 


1836 


2,135 


6,006 


356 


15,763.47 


1874 


1,825 


5,382 


324 


15,808.83 


1837 


2,476 


12,000 


520 


10,335.40 


1875 


919 


5,356 


283 


12,154.96 


1838 


3,328 


13,000 


1,204 


13,674.81 


1876 


2,016 


6,225 


301 


8,466.07 


1839 


3,692 


14,000 


581 


15,707.43 


1877 


1,653 


4,880 


488 


9,594.14 


1840 


5,459 


16,000 


1,050 


12,632.64 


1878 


1,904 


4,919 


221 


13,638.67 


1841 


4,576 


17,000 


.1,122 


13,305.53 


1879 


2,040 


5,696 


289 


9,082.06 


1842 


4,789 


14,288 


1,235 


12,963.98 


1880 


2,344 


6,230 


260 


11.978.31 


1843 


3,588 


12,120 


1,857 


9,746.77 


1881 


2,857 


7,478 


302 


12,024.80 


1844 


3,224 


10,230 


274 


7,598.44 


1882 


3,016 


8,417 


278 


14,270.22 


1845 


3,276 
2.249 




147 
151 


11,244.93 
10,653.68 


1883 
1884 


2,944 
3,115 


7,796 
8,266 


236 
345 


13.225.99 


1846 




14,059.44 


1847 


2,808 


3,933 


146 


5,691.85 


1885 


2,981 


7,939 


304 


13.002.15 


1848 


3,322 


4,437 


200 


7,204.41 


1886 


3,106 


8,177 


549 


13,093.80 


1849 


3,347 


5,420 


231 


5,396.43 


1887 


2,765 


7,134 


747 


11,782.87 


1850 


2,022 


4,743 


194 


8,526.38 


1888 


2,577 


6,835 


528 


13,520.25 


1851 


2,078 


5,315 


223 


7,293.70 


1889 


2,652 


7,017 


566 


12.935.15 


1852 


1,652 


4,463 


217 


9,434.29 


1890 


2,762 


7,038 


491 


12; 070.61 


1853 


2,354 


6,721 


393 


14,356.02 


1891 


3,507 


8,972 


538 


14,124.00 


1854 


1,714 


3,841 


224 


12,409.43 


1892 


3,184 


8,312 


584 


16,991.27 


1855 


945 


2,925 


263 


7,159.83 


1893 


3,800 


9,726 


840 


22.007.61 


1856 


910 


2,420 


102 


9,345.3*6 


1894 


3.555 


9,708 


1,455 


25,259.30 


1857 


1,152 


2,964 


386 


8,579.12 


1895 


4,800 


13,419 


960 


37,605.81 


1858 


1,153 


3,344 


506 


6,427.42 


1896 


5,177 


14,142 


1,300 


56,552.96 


1859 


1,745 


4,856 


423 


9,442.10 


1897 


6,232 


17,057 


1260 


75,674.79 


1860 


1,992 


5,618 


310 


9,181.35 


1898 


5,727 


15,638 


759 


53,188.16 


1861 


2,126 


4,704 


397 


6,932.32 


1899 


5,151 


13,457 


722 


43.602.12 


1862 


2,105 


5,658 


302 


6,364.93 


1900 


5,638 


14,580 


575 


45,848.00 



340 



APPENDIX G 



The following table shows the population in the State 
of New York in the years named, and the number of 
Baptist churches and aggregate membership for the 
years nearest to those named in the first column so far 
as can be ascertained from printed records : 



Year. 


Population. 


Year. 


Churches. 


Membership. 


1664 


16,000 

18,067 

20,665 

40,564 

50,824 

60,437 

73,448 

96,790 

163,337 

340,126 

589,051 

959,049 

1,372,111 

1,918,608 

2.428,921 

3,097,394 

3,880,735 

4,382,759 

5,082,000 

5,997.853 

6,513,345 

7,268,009 








1698 








1703 








1723 








1731 








1737 








1749 








1756 








1771 


1770 
1784 
179'^ 
1812 


7 
11 
62 

239 




1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 


704 
3,987 
18,499 


1830 
1840 
1850 


1832 
1840 


605 
775 
803 
828 
741 
878 
883 
896 
939 


60,006 
79,155 
85,858 


1860 




93,203 


1870 




101,744 
114,145 


1880 




1890 




127,531 


1892 




136,212 


1900 


i899 


149,513 



341 



APPENDIX H 



Table showing number of churches, ministers, bap- 
tisms, and total membership in Baptist churches each 
year named in the margin : 







g 




d 






2 




ft 






3 




3 






s 




2 




1 

S-c 



si 




GO 

a 
1 


2 


i 


1 

si 


si 


1 


2 

€2 


&H 


O 


o 


BQ 


H 


h 








w 


H 


1792 








4,895 


1866 


814 


701 


7.962 


91,928 


1812 








19,242 


1867 


760 


727 


5,055 


94,345 


1832 






15,668 


60,006 


1868 


820 


708 


4,941 


96,703 


2 1834 


"654" 


""499"" 


5,595 


63,841 


1869 


844 


667 


4,943 


100,032 


3 1835 


656 


520 


4,677 


63,954 


1870 


741 


752 


4,965 


101,744 


1836 


695 


526 


4,572 


68,196 


1871 


843 


752 


4,353 


101,820 


1837 


660 


554 


4,385 


65,584 


1872 


847 


939 


5,316 


103,398 


1838 


623 


446 


8,205 


71,842 


1873 


834 


847 


3,673 


103,378 


1839 


739 


594 


5,528 


73,829 


1874 


836 


746 


6,905 


104,339 


1840 


723 


608 


7,424 


75,576 


1875 


862 


975 


4,025 


105,232 


1841 


736 


656 


6,087 


79,908 


1876 


863 


983 


8,295 


110,240 


1842 


783 


708 


9,591 


86,473 


1877 


873 


1,012 


5,511 


112,310 


1843 


803 


723 


15,794 


97,602 


1878 


879 


1,029 


5,007 


113,367 


1844 


738 


669 


4,026 


93,809 


1879 


872 


1,040 


4,133 


113,744 


1845 


799 


612 


2,180 


91,884 


1880 


878 


1,094 


4,278 


114,145 


1846 


760 


691 


2,669 


87,292 


1881 


874 


971 


3,533 


114,431 


1847 


811 


732 


2,162 


85,132 


1882 


872 


850 


4,235 


113,565 


1848 


794 


703 


3,860 


84,553 


1883 


872 


904 


4.906 


114,237 


1849 


801 


715 


3,839 


84,587 


1884 


868 


865 


5,028 


116,340 


1850 


803 


738 


3,058 


85,858 


1885 


871 


873 


5,252 


117,778 


1851 


808 


745 


4,076 


84,821 


1886 


860 


953 


6,590 


121,390 


1852 


815 


750 


4,551 


87,538 


1887 


866 


838 


6,787 


120,551 


1853 


824 


779 


5,102 


86,992 


1888 


873 


869 


5,457 


122,142 


1854 


828 


741 


4,313 


86,279 


1889 


876 


934 


6,543 


124,301 


1855 


815 


724 


4,204 


84.556 


1890 


883 


860 


5,591 


127,531 


1856 


790 


664 


3.161 


82,745 


1891 


896 


886 


6,983 


132,197 


1857 


812 


738 


4,326 


83,986 


1892 


896 


933 


6,436 


136,212 


1858 


839 


689 


10,193 


90.253 


1893 


906 


991 


6,639 


135,502 


1859 


837 


781 


4,293 


91.755 


1894 


921 


963 


9,713 


141,816 


1860 


828 


763 


3,885 


93,203 


1895 


924 


1,006 


8,048 


144,934 


1861 


836 


781 


2,801 


91,992 


1896 


926 


1,035 


6,933 


144,808 


1862 


833 


736 


2,186 


91.828 


1897 


930 


1,047 


6,765 


150,406 


1863 


834 


771 


3,540 


92,280 


1898 


934 


955 


5,888 


150,716 


1864 


826 


742 


2,531 


89,074 


1899 


939 


1,123 


5,551 


149,513 


1865 


826 


745 


2,765 


89,197 













1 Reported from 20 of the 35 Associations. 

2 Five Associations not reported. All small bodies. 

3 Three Associations not reported. 



342 



APPENDIX I 



The following extract from the report of the execu- 
tive committee to the Board of Managers of the Baptist 
Missionary Convention for the year 1853, contains so 
many items of historic value that it is worthy of record. 
The names of the brethren in the ministry who had 
closed their earthly career, the character of the work 
done, the needs of the field, the lack of funds, all tell 
their own story. It may be noted that the work done 
then has borne large fruitage in the generations which 
have since succeeded : 

" Rev. Thomas Purinton, one of your vice-presidents, 
departed this life in the hope of a life more glorious, 
May 26, 1853. From the ministry of the State we are 
obliged to drop a large number of beloved names. 
Rhees, Snyder, Clark, Ball, Shotwell, Haynes, Purinton, 
Johnson, Fuller, Chase, each filling an important sphere 
of usefulness, and each bound to earth by ties as tender 
as those which bind us to our families and our pulpits, 
have been summoned from their labors to their reward. 

" The brethren who were appointed to transact the 
business of the Convention during the year, accepted 
their appointments, and entered without delay upon the 
performance of the duties assigned them. It was found 
that the fields to be cultivated immensely overran the 
largest estimates of means which the past history of 
the Convention would justify them in expecting. Some 

343 



344 APPENDIX I 

system of distribution must be adopted which would 
meet the most pressing emergencies as they should re- 
veal themselves, and produce the most desirable results 
in the shortest period of time. It has been the aim of 
the executive committee to discharge this trust with the 
most scrupulous fidelity; to apply the funds where 
there was promise of the largest returns to the church 
of Jesus Christ in the shortest possible time. Acting 
upon this conviction, they have placed first upon the 
list for liberal appropriations all those churches in every 
portion of the State that were actively engaged in erect- 
ing for their own accommodation houses of worship, or 
that were striving to free their church property from 
the crushing liabilities of debts previously incurred. In 
no case, we believe, has such an application been denied. 
Among the churches thus aided is Dunkirk, which is 
building a house of worship that will be fully equal to 
the demands of that rapidly growing place, and which 
will be surpassed by very few, if any, in that section of 
the State. Westfield, a growing and very important 
village on the Lake Shore Railroad, has been aided 
largely by funds raised in the Association to which the 
church belongs. A self-sustaining church may be con- 
fidently looked for on that field as soon as its new and 
spacious house of worship is completed and paid for. 
The church at Schenectady has successfully encoun- 
tered all obstacles and will soon enter its house of wor- 
ship, with prospects of increasing usefulness and pros- 
perity. The church at Andover has a house of worship 
in progress which will amply repay it for all its efforts 
and make the church there independent of Convention 
aid. Other churches are making commendable and sue- 



appendix i 345 

cessful efforts in the same direction. The treasury has 
been supplied with $12,770 in cash and goods during 
the year, an increase of $3,336.44 over the receipts of 
last year. How inadequate even this sum is to meet 
the real and ever-pressing demands of so great a State, 
no one can tell so well as the men upon whom is laid 
the responsibility of refusing the most deserving and 
pressing appeals, for want of the funds requisite to 
meet them. To meet the absolute and pressing wants 
of feeble, struggling, yet promising interests in this 
State alone, $20,000, and even $30,000 per annum, 
would not be too much to place at the disposal of your 
committee. Churches are struggling with embarrass- 
ments in every portion of the State, into which the aid 
of a few hundred dollars would infuse a new vigor and 
life. While other denominations of Christians are rais- 
ing hundreds of thousands of dollars to plant churches 
in this and other States, and while large funds are ac- 
cumulated to aid by loans or otherwise in the erection 
of houses of worship, we are compelled to refuse the 
merest pittance often to aid a struggling band of faith- 
ful brethren to maintain their visibility and grow into a 
self-sustaining church. 

" We have appropriated with the most scrupulous fi- 
delity all the funds which the liberality of the churches 
has entrusted to our care, and to the extent of our 
ability have endeavored faithfully to fulfill the trust 
committed to us. As the appropriations are mostly 
made at the beginning of the year, and the larger pro- 
portion of the funds does not reach the treasury till the 
last quarter of the year, there is great danger that the 
appropriations will overrun the receipts. This fact re- 



346 APPENDIX I 

quires great circumspection on the part of the commit- 
tee, and even with the greatest care they may often 
misjudge. Appropriations have been made to sixty 
churches and missionary stations during the year. 
There has been paid out of the funds placed in our 
hands : $400 to the Geneva and Waterloo churches, by 
instruction of the Convention of last year; $189.33 to 
satisfy a demand of the treasurer of last year, the re- 
sult of a mistake of the summing up of his account ; 
and $390 on duplicate orders voted by the Convention 
for services rendered in previous years ; all of which 
should be added to the indebtedness of last year." 

At this meeting, 1853, the following resolutions con- 
cerning the establishment of a church building fund, 
which were never operative, anticipated by nearly forty 
years the efficient plan now in operation. The commit- 
tee to whom was referred the subject of a fund for 
church building, reported that they were not able to 
agree upon any recommendation of the Convention. 
Report accepted. On motion of H. C. Vogell, the fol- 
lowing resolutions were adopted : 

Resolved, That we regard it as a sacred duty we owe to the 
cause of God and truth to attempt to raise a fund of at least $50,- 
000 to be loaned to feeble Baptist churches in this State who oc- 
cupy fields of promise to aid them in the erection of church edi- 
fices suited to the condition of the peculiar locality in which such 
edifices are to be erected. 

Resolved, That we earnestly recommend to the Board that they 
instruct the executive committee to give their immediate attention 
to the subject and endeavor to raise the amount specified at the 
earliest possible period. 

Resolved, That the Board instruct the executive committee, so 
far as may be, to have such sums as are now being raised or may 



appendix i 347 

be raised for the erection of church edifices by brethren who are 
sustained in part by the funds of this Convention, credited to this 
fund. 



It is a cause of regret, that the writer has been unable 
from the Convention Reports to find so little concerning 
some of its officials. Only since this work was in press, 
has he been able to ascertain something very definite 
concerning the work of one of its honored secretaries, 
which is here appended. 

Marvin G. Hodge, d. d. — He was corresponding 
secretary of the Missionary Convention for the year 
ending October u, 1854. As an exception, apparently 
at that time, he gave his entire attention to the work 
during the year. The following extract from a letter 
recently received from Dr. Hodge indicates somewhat 
the fidelity with which he performed the duties of his 
office : " I left the pastorate of the church at Stillwater 
Village and gave my entire time to the work of the Con- 
vention for the year, and at the close went to Brooklyn 
and was the first pastor of what is now the Hanson 
Place Church. As corresponding secretary I traveled 
about nine thousand miles back and forth through the 
State, attending Associations, presenting the work on 
Sundays to as many churches as I could reach ; con- 
ducted correspondence with the missionaries, looked up 
ministers for needy fields, and fields for ministers ; 
gathered all the information I could for the use of the 
Board, and attended to other duties of general over- 
sight." 

Doctor Hodge was born in Hardwick, Vt, February 



348 APPENDIX I 

20, 1822. He was converted and baptized in the fall 
of 1839. He pursued academic studies at Derby, Vt. 
under the tuition of Heman Lincoln and Alvah Hovey, 
afterward so well known as teachers in Newton Theo- 
logical Seminary. He was ordained at East Charleston, 
Vt. He was pastor at Colchester and Hindsburg, Vt. and 
at Stillwater, N. Y., and at the Hanson Place Church, 
borough of Brooklyn, New York. On account of fail- 
ing health he resigned the last-named pastorate in 1861 
and moved to Wisconsin, where he has spent nearly forty 
years of active work in the ministry. He was a member 
of the Board of the Wisconsin State Convention, and 
served as president of that body eight terms. He re- 
ceived the degree of A. m. from the University of Ver- 
mont in 1849, an d from the University of Rochester in 
1854. The Chicago University conferred the degree 
of d. d. upon him in 1867. Within the present year 
Dr. Hodge has retired from the active ministry and is 
living with his daughter in Oak Park, 111. 



ANNIVERSARY OF I9OO. 

The following from the report of the Board of man- 
agers, presented by Corresponding Secretary H. W. 
Barnes, at the anniversary of the Convention held at 
Malone, October 24 and 25, 1900, gives a brief sum- 
mary of the changes that have taken place during the 
century and the duty resting upon New York Baptists 
in view of them : 

" We are living in the last days of the most remark- 
able century in the world's history, since that one which 
gave us the Babe in Bethlehem. If we consider indus- 



appendix i 349 

trial, commercial, educational, or governmental progress, 
we face a field of wonders. In navigation, illumination, 
correspondence, and home comfort, we have made 
wonderful improvement. From the ox or horse team 
over the rough roads of the early years of the century, 
to the steam or electric car ; from the tallow dip, or oil 
lamp, to gas, kerosene, or electricity ; from the weekly 
or bi-weekly post on horseback, with letters at twenty- 
five cents postage, to the lightning express, with free 
delivery at homes and offices from two to five times 
daily and postage at two cents per letter, with telegraph 
and telephones added ; from the country school with 
three months per year terms and teaching limited to 
the ' three Rs,' to our ten months' terms in high 
schools, with our multiplied universities, is an immense 
advance. 

" Religiously the movement has been as marked. At 
the beginning of the century we were only a few years 
removed from the struggle of independence and from 
the adoption of the Constitution of our government. 
Antinomianism in the churches threatened peril. The 
exceeding friendliness of France to us in the struggle 
for independence, gave anything French a comparatively 
hospitable welcome, and with our freedom of speech 
French infidelity found a choice field for its propagation. 
Religion was greatly concerned in the development of 
the institutions of this country. God had a great serv- 
ice for the republic to render. Religion presided over 
the cradle of our liberties. The intelligent citizenship 
which was destined to result from our freedom of 
thought and speech, needed the religiously trained cit- 
izen to fit him for high, world-wide, beneficent work. 



350 • APPENDIX I 

God providentially provided for this by inaugurating 
two movements, the missionary and the evangelistic. 
When Judson became a Baptist and appealed to the de- 
nomination for support as a foreign missionary, our 
membership numbered about 100,000 in the country. 
One half of this number stood for the preaching of the 
gospel to sinners, and the persuasion of them to repent- 
ance and faith, and have under the blessing of God be- 
come 4,000,000 of disciples. The other 50,000 have 
dwindled toward nothing. The evangelistic and mis- 
sionary spirit saved our churches then, and must save 
them to the end of time. At the birth of the Conven- 
tion, in 1807, there were in the State possibly 10,000 
Baptists, but not a church west of the Cayuga Associa- 
tion. Now there are in the State full 50,000 more mem- 
bers than there were in the entire country at the close 
of the century. Looking back, we may adoringly say, 
' What hath God wrought.' Looking ahead, we may 
as reverently and adoringly ask, 'What doth God re- 
quire ? ' The one thing demanded is, that with the most 
absolute consecration, and the largest hopefulness, we 
commit ourselves to the work to which the ripened har- 
vest field invites us. Our own State first, as being 
nearest to our hand, its people the foremost people of 
the earth, because foremost in opportunity, being at the 
center of the largest influences of any people, and with 
the largest resources for good, should be the first sec- 
tion of the field which we should reap. Our country, 
as sharing with us largely these advantages, rapidly 
widening its domain, and placed in a position of won- 
drous new power for good among the nations, rapidly 
becoming the home of all classes of people, so that for- 



APPENDIX I 351 

eign missions have come to our very doors, must stand 
a close second to our own State in our care. Both 
State and country, for the sake of world-wide evangelism, 
must be thoroughly Christianized. We not only may, 
but we must, Christianize the heathen, even as a matter 
of self-defense. The responsibility of the work is upon 
us, by the blessing and decree of God. We must do 
well our work at home to do well the work abroad. 
The Christianity which cares only for those who are 
afar off, is a suspicious Christianity. We must do the 
work abroad well, or we shall forfeit the favor and 
blessing of God, without which home work will not 
prosper. This whole colossal accumulation of logic 
from the providence of God in the discovery of the 
country, its settlement, its institutions, its government, 
its position among the nations, and the developments of 
a century, demands of us renewed diligence, and 
double offerings for our State missionary work. May 
God pour upon us his Spirit in these meetings, and 
bring us to our homes, under the dominance of an 
evangelistic and training spirit for all our churches, 
that we may know and live under the Spirit, which 
prophetically declared of Christ, ' the zeal of thine house 
hath eaten me up.' " 



APPENDIX J 



THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION OF THE STATE OF 
NEW YORK. ITS ORIGIN, INCORPORATION, LEGAL 
STANDING, AND POWERS. 

In the year 1807, in view of the increased popula- 
tion of the country, and of the indigent circumstances 
and spiritual needs of the people, a society called the 
Lake Missionary Society was formed, to promote the 
preaching of the gospel, especially in that region in 
western-central New York embracing the cluster of in- 
land lakes. 

In 1 808 the name was changed to the Hamilton Mis- 
sionary Society. 

In 18 1 7 it was incorporated by an act of the legisla- 
ture. The act was to remain in force twenty-five years. 

In 1 82 1 the Baptist Missionary Convention of the 
State of New York was organized. 

In 1825 the Hamilton Missionary Society was united 
with the Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of 
New York and the number of its directors increased 
("Laws of 1825," Chapter 170). 

In 1842 the term was again extended twenty years 
("Laws of 1841," Chapter 131). 

In 1862 the term was again extended twenty-five 
years (from March 28, 1862, "Laws of 1862," Chapter 

41). 
352 



appendix j 353 

In 1 890 the charter was made perpetual (" Laws of 
1890," Chapter 553). 

In 1894 an act was passed enabling it to acquire the 
property of extinct Baptist churches and Baptist re- 
ligious societies (" Laws of 1894," Chapter 642). 

In 1898 an act was passed to consolidate and amend 
the several acts relating to the Baptist Missionary Con. 
vention of the State of New York. 

The following is a certified copy of the act of 1 898 : 

Chapter 143. 

An Act to consolidate and amend the several acts relating to 
the corporation called the " Baptist Missionary Convention of the 
State of New York," being chapter one hundred and twenty- 
eight of the laws of 18 17, chapter one hundred and seventy of 
the laws of 1825, chapter one hundred and thirty-one of the laws 
of 1 84 1, chapter forty-one of the laws of 1862, and chapter 
eighty-one of the laws of 1887. 

Became a law March 28, 1898, with the approval of the gov- 
ernor. Passed, three-fifths being present 

The people of the State of New York, represented in senate 
and assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section i. Chapter one hundred and twenty-eight of the laws 
of 18 1 7, entitled "An Act to incorporate the Hamilton Baptist 
Missionary Society" as amended and extended by chapter one 
hundred and seventy of the laws of 1825, and by chapter one 
hundred and thirty-one of the laws of 1841, and by chapter forty- 
one of the laws of 1862, and by chapter eighty-one of the laws of 
1887, is hereby amended so as to read as follows : 

Section i. All such persons as now are or hereafter may be- 
come members of the ' ' Baptist Missionary Convention of the State 
of New York," shall be and hereby are constituted a body cor- 
porate by the name of the "Baptist Missionary Convention of 
the State of New York," for the purpose of propagating and 
spreading the gospel, for the purpose of establishing, assisting, or 
maintaining in the State of New York, Baptist churches or missions 
x 



354 APPENDIX J 

or Sunday-schools for the study of the Scriptures, for the acquisi- 
tion of sites in contemplation of the erection of houses of wor- 
ship and other buildings, and to encourage and assist the educa- 
tional interests of the Baptist denomination within the State. 

Sec. 2. It shall be lawful for the members of said corporation 
at any time they may elect, to appoint such officers and such 
managers or directors, and to make and ordain such by-laws and 
regulations in regard to their organization, and to the manage- 
ment, disposition, and sale of their real or personal estate, the 
duties and powers of their officers, managers, or directors, and 
the management of their corporate affairs, as they from time to 
time shall think proper, provided they are not inconsistent with 
the constitution and laws of this State and of the United States. 

Sec. 3. The said corporation shall have power to receive, take, 
hold, and enjoy any property, real or personal, by virtue of any 
devise, bequest, gift, grant, or purchase, either absolutely or in 
trust, and to make investments thereof, or of the proceeds there- 
of, or of any of its funds, whenever and in such manner as it 
may deem advisable, and therewith to acquire or erect for its own 
use or accommodation, or for other purposes, such building or 
buildings as it may regard as advantageous to the interests of the 
corporation or of the Baptist denomination with which it is con- 
nected, and to make sales, conveyances, or mortgages of any of 
its real estate whenever and in such manner as it may deem ad- 
visable ; subject only, however, in respect to the amount of prop- 
erty it may take and hold to the restrictions and limitations of 
existing laws, and in respect to devises or bequests from resi- 
dents of the State of New York, to the provisions of chapter three 
hundred and sixty of the laws of i860, entitled "An Act in re- 
lation to wills. ' ' 

Sec. 4. All the property, real and personal, heretofore in any 
manner acquired by the said "Baptist Missionary Convention of 
the State of New York," shall be deemed vested in the said cor- 
poration. 

Sec. 5. This act is hereby declared to be a public act, and the 
same shall be construed in all courts and places favorably for 
every purpose therein expressed or intended. 

Sec. 6. This act shall take effect immediately. 



appendix j 355 

State of New York, office of the Secretary of State, ss : 

I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in 
this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct tran- 
script therefrom and of the whole of said original law. 

John Palmer, 

Secretary of State. 



GENERAL INDEX 



Academy, Cook, 186. 

Acts of incorporation, 69, 89, 352-355. 

Address by Convention to churches, 
95, 101. 

Agents, too many, 133. 

Allen, Orsamus, 112. 

American and Foreign Bible Society, 
123, 124, 141. 

American Baptist Free Mission Soci- 
ety, 140. 

American Baptist Home Mission Soci- 
ety, 117-120, 122, 129, 132, 138, 140, 179, 
180, 183, 184, 188-190, 196. 

American Baptist Missionary Union, 
66, 125, 140, 145, 208. 

American Baptist Publication Society, 
125, 142. 

American Bible Society, 124. 

American Bible Union, 125, 141. 

Anderson, F. L., 224. 

Anderson, Galusha, 190. 

Anderson, Martin B., ll. d., 151, 186, 
190, 197. 

Andrew and Philip Society, 234. 

Andrews, Cyrus, 78. 

Andrews, N. L., 186, 188, 190. 

Anniversaries of Convention, 49, 97, 
105, 112, 121-123, 198, 348. 

Annual reports, summarized, 49, 59, 
78, 79, 81, 96-98, 108, 109, 112, 113, 122, 
123, 126, 129, 137, 138, 170, 171, 207, 227. 
See Appendix. 

Antinomianism, 33. 

Arthur, Chester A., 164. 

Arthur, William, 164. 

Articles of Faith of Cortland Associa- 
tion, 256. 

Asiatic cholera, 121. 

Associations : Black River, 72, 88 ; 
Bowdoinham, Maine, 37; Buffalo, 
72 ; Cayuga, 33, 40, 43, 95, 105 ; Che- 
mung, 32; Chemung River, 33 ; Che- 



nango, 44 ; Cortland, 255 ; Dutchess, 
31 ; Essex, 72 ; Franklin, 31, 72, 94, 
105; Genesee, 72, 105, 127; Holland 
Purchase, 72, 105 ; Hudson River, 94, 
105 ; Hudson River North, 31 ; Lake 
George, 30, 31, 72; Madison, 49, 72, 
84, 94, 105 ; Mohawk River, 31 ; New 
York, 31 ; Oneida, 94 ; Ontario, 105 ; 
Otsego, 25, 35, 43, 94, 105, 106, 205 ; 
Philadelphia, Pa., 31, 37; Rensse- 
laerville, 32; Saratoga, 30, 72, 105; 
Shaftsbury, 30, 37, 38 ; Stephentown, 
30 ; St. Lawrence, 72, 88 ; Union, 72 ; 
Warwick, 32; Washington Union, 
30. 

Averill, Asa, 98. 

Awakenings. See Revivals. 

Babcock, Charles, M. d., 94, 95, 98, 146. 

Babcock, Rufus, 99. 

Backus, J. S., D. D., 179. 

Backus, Truman J., 188. 

Bacon, James, 27. 

Bailey, D. J., 231. 

Bainbridge, Peter, 33. 

Baker, Nathan, 50, 58, 70, 78, 82, 86. 

Baldwin, G. C, d.d., 199. 

Baptist Domestic Missionary Conven- 
tion of the State of New York and 
Vicinity, 95, 97, 98. 

Baptist Education Society, 74, 75, 77, 
92, 141, 206, 267. 

Baptist Missionary Convention of the 
State of New York, 15, 43, 46, 69, 88, 
89, 93, 98, 99, 118, 119, 132, 138, 179, 180, 
188, 190-192, 196, 206, 208, 227, 239, 255, 
265, 352. 

Baptist Register, The New York, 63, 
103, 105, 149, 151, 152, 154, 209. 

Baptist Union for Ministerial Educa- 
tion, 77, 267. 

Baptist Weekly, 252. 

357 



358 



GENERAL INDEX 



Baptist Young People's Union, 225. 

Barber, Edward, 31. 

Barbour, C. A., 226. 

Barnes, H. W., 202, 219, 225, 232, 245, 

246, 249, 253. 
Barrell, Noah, 128. 
Barrett, W. H., 231, 232. 
Batson, W. EL, 231. 
Beckwith, Roswell, 78. 
Beebe, Alexander M., 95, 98, 103, 124, 

149-152, 158, 205. 
Beecher, Luther F., 164. 
Beers, Geo. A., 231. 
Benedict, David, historian, 39, 42. 
Benedict, Jas., 32. 
Bennett, Alfred, 36, 50, 58, 63, 70, 79, 

87, 91, 98, 155, 160, 204, 205, 208, 256, 

258. 
Bennett, Asa, 205. 
Bennett and Bright, 126, 150, 151. 
Bennett, Backus, and Hawley, 151. 
Bennett, Cephas, 149, 185. 
Bennett, Dolphus, 150, 151, 208. 
Bennett, Ira, 128. 
Bennett, M. L., 232. 
Betts, Olive Adeline, 251. 
Bible Conventions, 124, 125. 
Bishop, Mrs. C. C, 245. 
Bishop, L. J. P., 249, 253. 
Bitting, W. C, D. D., 243, 253. 
Blain, John, 98. 
Blakeslee, Senator, 245. 
Blakesley, Eliada, 99. 
Blanchard, J. M., 231. 
Blodgett, John, 205. 
Blood, Caleb, 31, 37. 
Blood, Harvey, 111. 
Bolles, — , d. d., 118. 
Bonham, C. L., 231. 
Bostwick, John, 27, 75, 76. 
Bostou Missionary Society, 40. 
Boston Female Society, 62. 
Boston Cent Society, 62. 
Brand, J. Cassie, 230. 
Brandt, John, 83. 
Brant, The Tory, 22. 
Brayton, D. L., 185, 246. 
Bridgeman, C. D'W., D. D., 190. 
Briggs, Isaac, 247. 
Brigham, Geo. EL., 219, 221. 
Bright, Edward, d. d., 139, 150-152, 190- 

192, 196, 197, 203, 207, 212, 243. 



Broderick, M. T., 188. 

Brokaw, Joseph, 244. 

Bronson, F. E., 244. 

Brooks, Chas. W., 182, 198, 232, 236, 246. 

Brooks, Samuel, 237. 

Brotherhood of St. Andrew, 234. 

Brown, Amasa, 31. 

Brown, John N., d. d., 97, 98. 

Brown, Oliver, 44. 

Buffalo, 37, 97, 110. 

Burchard, Jedediah, 116. 

Burchard, Seneca B., 205. 

Burr, J. H., 198. 

Burr, J. S., 226. 

Burrett, Reed, 144. 

Burrows, Roswell, 40. 

Butler, The Tory, 22. 

Butler, Joel, 25, 26, 50, 106, 107, 205. 

Butler, Ora, 44, 49, 53, 106, 205. 

Buttolph, John, 110. 

Buttrick, Wallace, d. d., 244. 

Caldwell, Alex., 230. 
Calvert, Jas. A., 251. 
Calvert, John B., d. d., 200, 202, 207, 

219, 224, 246, 250, 253. 
Campbellism, 33. 
Card, Joseph, 70. 
Carpenter, Calvin G., 123, 137, 144, 160, 

168. 
Carpenter, Laura M., 137. 
Castle, Lemuel, 72. 
Chamberlain, Joseph H., 260. 
Champlain, Samuel de, 19. 
Chapin, Ashael, 128. 
Chapman, Adelbert, 253. 
Chivers, E. E., d. d., 226, 244. 
Christian Inquirer, The, 209, 252. 
Christian Secretary, The, 209. 
Church building department, 201, 221- 

224,346. 
Churches : 

Albany, Calvary, 214. 

Albany, German, 263. 

Albion, 148. 

Amenia, 29. 

Amsterdam, 127. 

Andover, 344. 

Athens, 127. 

Attica, 72, 127. 

Auriesville, 129. 

Aurelius, 33, 46. 



GENERAL INDEX 



359 



Austerlitz, 30. 

Ballston Spa, 30, 

Batavia, 127. 

Berlin, 30. 

Bethany, 81. 

Binghamton, 111. 

Bloomfield, 33. 

Boonville, 211. 

Bottskill, 29, 30. 

Broadalbin, 30. 

Braintrim, Pa., 32. 

Brothertown, 30. 

Buffalo, 97, 195, 263. 

Burlington, 24. 

Butternuts, 24, 29. 

Cairo, 32. 

Canaan, 30. 

Canadaway, 41, 54. 

Canandaigua, 107. 

Canoe Brook, 31. 

Cazenovia, First, 104, 105, 142. 

Charleston, 24, 32, 33. 

Chatham, 30. 

Chautauqua, 72. 

Chemung, 32. 

Chester, 30. 

Clifton Park, 30. 

Cohoesville, 130. 

Concord, 81. 

Cortland, First, 204, 251. 

Cortland, Memorial, 224. 

Cross River, 32, 

Dover, First, 29, 30. 

Dunkirk, 128, 344. 

East Aurora, 72. 

East Cameron, 238. 

East Durham, 32. 

Edmeston, 24. 

Elbridge, 97, 152, 161. 

Fabius, 145. 

Fairfield, 24. 

Farmington, 33. 

Fishkill, 29. 

Fleming, 33. 

Fonda, 129. 

Franklin, 24, 30. 

Fredericktovvn, 32. 

Fredonia, 41, 145. 

Fultonville, 129. 

Gainesville, 81. 

Galway, 30, 211. 

Geneva, 161, 346. 



Georgetown, 112. 

German, 65. 

Gloversville, 130. 

Graniteville, 251. 

Greenfield, 23, 30. 

Greenville, 145. 

Hamburg, 72. 

Hamilton, 45, 195. 

Harpersville, 175. 

Hartford, 30, 33. 

Hartwick and Otsego, 24. 

Havana, 188. 

Hillsdale, 30. 

Homer, 204, 208. 

Hoosick, 30. 

Jamestown, 128. 

Killawog, 238, 250. 

Kingsboro, 30. 

King Street, 31. 

Kortright, 24. 

Laceyville, Pa., 32. 

Lisle, First, 65. 

Little Falls, 128, 161. 

Lodi, 264, 

Lowville, 211. 

Macedon, 33. 

Malone, 200. 

Marathon, 250. 

Mayville, 111. 

Medina, 111. 

Middletown, 32. 

Milton, 30, 33. 

Mohawk, 129. 

Montour Falls, 188. 

Moreau, 30. 

Morristown, 31. 

Newark, 128. 

New Bedford, 32. 

New Berlin, 24. 

Newfield, 231. 

Newburg, 32, 178. 

New Woodstock, 81, 104, 142. 

New York, African, 59. 

New York, Calvary, 215. 

New York, Epiphany, 214. 

New York, First, 29, 31. 

New York, Madison Avenue, 213. 

New York, Mulberry Street, 118. 

New York, Oliver St., 118, 158, 213. 

New York, Second, 31. 

Niagara Falls, 250. 

North East, 29. 



360 



GENERAL INDEX 



Northfield, S. L, 31. 
North Urbana, 32. 
Nunda, 144, 148. 
Ogden, 145. 
Ogdensburg, 250. 
Oneida, 87. 
Oswego, 98, 111, 112. 
Otsego, 24. 
Owego, 143. 
Oyster Bay, 29, 31. 
Painted Post, 111. 
Palatine, 24. 
Palmyra, 33. 
Pawling, First, 29. 
Peekskill, 32. 
Penn Yan, 128. 
Phelps, 33, 161. 
Piermont, 130. 
Pitcher, 44, 49. 
Pittstown, 30. 
Pomfret, 72. 
Pontiac, Mich., 96, 97. 
Port Jervis, 175. 
Preston Hollow, 32. 
Providence, 30. 
Rensselaerville, 32. 
Richfield, 24. 
Richville, 130. 
Rochester, Second, 145. 
Romulus, 32. 
Salem, Shushan, 30. 
Salisbury, 161. 
Saratoga Springs, 30. 
Sardinia, 147. 
Savona, 81. 
Schenectady, 344. 
Schodack, 30. 
Schuylerville, 30. 
Scipio, 33, 46. 
Scotch Plains, 31. 
Sempronius, 33. 
Seneca Falls, 112. 
Sennett, 33. 
Sheldon, 72. 
Smyrna, 211. 
South New Berlin, 260. 
Spencer, 250. 
Springfield, 24, 264. 
Spring ville, 148. 
Stamford, 31. 
Stanford, First, 29. 
Stephentown, 30. 



Stillwater, 30. 
Strykersville, 147. 
Syracuse, 111. 
Tioga and Barton, 32. 
Trenton, 211. 
Triangle, 238. 
Troy, First, 30, 195. 
Utica, 161, 208, 212. 
Van Etten, 231. 
Venice, 33. 
Vienna, 98. 
Warsaw, 72, 81. 
Warwick, 29, 31, 32. 
Waterloo, 346. 
Watertown. Ill, 129. 
White Creek, 30. 
Whitesboro, 96, 144, 160, 161, 195. 
Williamsburg, 130. 
Williamsville, 264. 
Willink, 72, 259. 
Woodhull, 238. 
Yorkshire, 135, 139. 
For other churches see Appendix. 

Church, Pharcellus, 135, 139. 

Church, Samuel, 42, 78. 

Clark, Charles, 129. 

Clark, James, 110. 

Clark, Joel W. 

Clark, William, 139. 

Clarke, John, 194. 

Clarke, M. G., 182, 191, 194. 

Cobb, William, 205. 

Coit, Albert, d. d., 197, 244. 

Colby, R. H., 230. 

Cole, J. D., D. D., 139, 144, 164. 

Cole, N., 86, 99. 

Coley, Joseph, 70. 

Colgate University, 45, 211. 

Colgate, William, 99, 119, 124, 158, 205. 

Collier, William, 32. 

Comstock, Elkanah, 95, 96, 97, 98, 110. 

Comstock, O. C, 95, 98, 109, 205. 

Cone, Spencer H., d. d., 97, 99, 124, 157, 
205. 

Congregationalism, 28. 

Constitution of Convention, 99, 192, 
240. 

Constitution of the Hamilton Mission- 
ary Society, 47. 

Converts, 22. 

Cook Academy, 188. 



GENEKAI, INDEX 



361 



Cook, Elbert W., 186-188. 

Cook, Martin E., 99. 

Cooper, D. H., 226. 

Co-operation desirable, 35, 36. 

Co-operation with the Home Mission 
Society, 119, 121, 138, 179-189. 

Corey, D. G., d. d., 177, 190, 197, 210. 

Corielle, D. B., 111. 

Cornell, Joseph, 31, 42, 205. 

Counties, mentioned : Allegany, 156 ; 
Cayuga, 33, 105; Chemung, 24, 32; 
Chenango, 105; Delaware, 175; 
Madison, 105 ; Oneida, 30, 105 ; Onon- 
daga, 105; Oswego, 105; Otsego, 24; 
Seneca, 32, 105; Steuben, 32, 156; 
Tioga, 32, 156. 

Country and city, 14. 

Covell, Lemuel, 31, 37, 42, 205. 

Cox, Thomas, 44, 70, 75. 

Crandall, L. A., D. D., 243, 252. 

Crane, E. F., 182. 

Crosby, Elder, 122. 

Cummings, S. J., 231. 

Cutting, Sewell S., D. D., 152, 178, 186, 
187. 

Daniels, P. C, 198, 244. 

Davis, Henry, 110. 

Davis, Luke, 39. 

Day, H. S., 198, 244. 

Deane, John H., 198. 

Debt raising, a notable, 199. 

Deland, H. A., 198. 

Denominational increase, 113. 

Detroit, Mich., 110. 

District missionaries, 182, 198, 232. 

Doctrinal views, 255, 256. 

Dodge, Ebenezer, d. d., 197. 

Dodge, Orrin, 144. 

Douglas, Caleb, 95, 205. 

Douglas, S. J., 198, 232. 

Dowling, John, 124. 

Dunbar, Duncan, 124. 

Dutch, period of, 18. 

Dutch Reformed Church, 28. 

Dutch, settlement of, 21. 

Dutcher, G. H., 244. 

Eaglestone, Amos, 33. 
Earle, A. B., 129. 
Early settlements, 21. 
Eastman, — , Dr., 72. 



Eastman, Hezekiah, 27, 50, 53. 

Eddy, D. C, D. D., 244. 

Education Society. See Baptist Ed. 

Soc. 
Elbridge, D., 112. 
Elder, J. F., D. d., 202, 213, 218. 
Ellicott, Joseph, 53. 
Emery, I. W., 182. 
English, conquests of, 19. 
Episcopal Church, the, 28. 
Erie Canal, 93, 108. 
Erie Railroad, 164. 
Evangelistic missionaries, 219, 229. 
Ewell, Henry B., 128. 
Examiner, The, 152, 196, 208, 209, 226, 

252. 
Examiner and Chronicle, the, 209. 

Family altars, 22. 

" Feeble " churches, 265. 

Feeks, Robert, 31. 

Ferris, Enoch, 39. 

Ferris, Jonathan, 50, 78, 106, 205. 

Field, Frank Harvey, 226. 

Finch, Elnathan, 33. 

Finney, Charles G., 116, 208. 

Fish, E. A., 198. 

Fisher, George, 382, 197, 230. 

Foley, J. C, 224. 

Forbes, M. P., 230. 

Ford, D. R., 188. 

Foster, Benj., 32. 

Fowler, Rev. and Mrs. W. D., 231. 

Fox, A. J., 188, 198. 

Fox, Chas. A., 182. 

Fox, Jehiel, 31. 

Frederick, M., 111. 

Freeman, Frederick, 78, 82, 86. 

Freeman, Rufus, 78. 

Freeman, Zenas, 139. 

French influences, 19. 

French, James, 177, 181, 182. 

French, Manassa, 33. 

Fulton Street prayer meeting, 169. 

Furman, William, 24-26, 33, 55, 205. 

Gaines, R. I., 226. 

Gale, Juda, 147. 

Galusha, Elon, 78, 94, 96, 98, 103, 135, 

137, 145, 149, 160, 205. 
Gano, John, 31. 
Gates, William, 238. 



362 



GENERAL INDEX 



Geer, Isaac, 95. 

General Association, Illinois, 180. 

Gilbert, Nathaniel J., 81, 84, 88, 111, 121. 

Gillett, Simeon, 44. 

Gillmore, J. H., Prof., 186, 188. 

Goff, Roswell, 32, 33. 

Going, Jonathan, D. d., 117-119, 122. 

Goodale, Solomon, 95. 

Goodchild, F. M., 226. 

Goodell, Solomon, 55. 

Goodell, Warner, 78-80. 

Gospel Mission, the, 37. 

Green, Enoch, 121. 

Greene, S. H., 199. 

Griswold, Horace, 87, 99, 256. 

Groton Union Conference, 40. 

Guiteau, Francis, 95. 

Guiteau, Norman, 111. 

Gurley, L. E., 244. 

Haborn, James, 58. 

Hamilton Female Society, 62, 206. 

Hamilton Literary and Theological 

Institute, 206, 211. 
Hamilton Missionary Society, 43, 45, 

47, 49, 68, 74, 77, 78, 87-93, 98, 99, 206, 

267. 
Hammond, John, 25. 
Handy, Jarius, 54, 111, 121. 
Handy, Joy, 72. 
Hanks, Azariah, 78, 79. 
Hard times, 125. 
Harkins, Laura, 161. 
Harris, James, 39. 
Hartley, Richard, 253. 
Hartwell, Jesse, 39, 42. 
Hascall, Daniel, 36, 63, 74-78, 91, 124, 

205. 
Hatch, Daniel, 61, 84. 
Hatch, Mary, 167. 
Hatt, S. S., 244. 

Haynes, L. M. S„ d. d., 190, 191, 244. 
Haynes, Sylvan us, 95, 98, 205. 
Herr, Benjamin L., 226. 
Herrick, Elijah, 25. 
Hewes, C. W., 164. 
Hildreth, W., 182. 

Hillman, Samuel T., 184, 190, 244, 248. 
Hiscox, E. T., D. D. 
History of the Convention, by Peck 

and Lawton, 126. 
Hobart, A. S., d. d., 226, 243. 



Hodge, M. G., 164. See Appendix. 

Holland Purchase, 49, 52, 72, 156, 259. 

Holmes, Elkanah, 38-40, 107. 

Homes, M. W., 188. 

Home Mission Board, 140. 

Home Mission Society. See American 

Baptist Home Mission Society. 
Hooker, Mary, 65. 
Hosmer, Ashbel, 25, 26, 44, 45, 50, 58, 

59, 106, 205. 
Hovey, E. H., 231. 
Howard, Leland, 99. 
Hudson, Henry, navigator, 18. 
Hudson, Henry B., 232, 236. 
Huguenots, French, the, 21. 
Humphrey, Friend, 156, 205. 
Hull, Charles W., 75, 76. 
Hull, Justus, 31. 

Hull, Robert B., D. D., 197, 243, 253. 
Humpstone, John, d. d., 197, 234, 243, 

252. 
Humpstone, William, 232, 233. 
Hungate, Jesse A., 249. 
Huntley, Byron E., 244. 

Important fields occupied, 127. 

Independence, ultra, 29, 35. 

Indian missions, 82, 110. 

Indian schools, 86. 

Lrish, David, 27, 33, 40, 42, 44, 46, 55, 106, 

205, 258. 
Irons, Daniel, 55. 
Irons, Jeremiah, 55. 
Ivers, May, 226. 

Jackson, J. 14., 188. 

Jayne, David, 33. 

Jeffries, John, 95, 98. 

Jogohani, William, 83. 

Johnson, F. H., 98. 

Johnson, Solomon, 78. 

Jones, C. If., 232, 235, 246. 

Jones, T. R., 246. 

Journals of missionaries, 53, 54, 58, 59. 

Judson, Adoniram, 63, 146. 

Keep, John, 44, 70, 205. 
Kendrick, Clark, 38, 42. 
Kendrick, Nathaniel, 36, 38, 42, 63, 75, 

76, 82, 86, 91, 98, 124, 141, 160, 205. 
Kincaid, Eugenio, 77. 
Kingsford, Edwin, 124. 



GENERAL INDEX 



363 



Kingsford, T., 244. 
Kingsley, A. C, 116. 
Kingsley, Amos, 75. 
Knapp, Ebenezer, 22. 
Knapp, Elizabeth, 22. 
Knapp, Jacob, 116, 128. 
Knapp, Martha, 23. 
Knapp, 0. F., 198. 

Lahatt, Charles, 39. 

Lake Baptist Missionary Society, 43, 

45. 
Lane, H. F., 192, 200. 
Lasure, John, 33. 
Lathrop, Daniel, 70, 161. 
Lawton, Ashna, 87. 
Lawton, John, 27, 49, 50, 58, 63, 64, 70, 

78, 82, 90, 91, 99, 126, 130, 205. 
Lawton, Lewis, 237. 
Layton, A. A., 230. 
Leach, Beriah N., 139. 
Leach, D. F. ( 173-177. 
Leland, John, 31, 40. 
Leonard, Dorothy, 237. 
Leonard, Lewis, D. D., 94, 123, 132, 159, 

168, 205. 
Lincoln, Heman, 119. 
Littlefield, P. J., 87. 
Long, L. J., 231. 
Lonphere, J. C, 169. 
Lull, Mrs. Benjamin, 22. 
Lull, Caleb, 23. 

MacArthur, R. S., d. d., 16, 197, 201, 
202, 214-218, 243, 251, 252. 

Main, W. H., 226. 

Malcom, Howard, 94, 99, 105, 144. 

Manro, Squire, 95, 97, 98, 123, 205. 

Marston, E. L., 244. 

Martin, W. E., 109. 

Mason, John M., 39. 

Massachusetts Baptist Missionary So- 
ciety, 37, 41, 117, 118, 147. 

Mayo, W. B., 230. 

McClay, Archibald, 99. 

McLeod, P. M., 230. 

Messenger, Samuel, 55. 

Metcalf, Whitman, 72, 132, 147, 168. 

Michigan, Pontiac, 96. 

Middleditch, R. T., D. D., 252. 

Miller, H. H., 232. 

Miller, Justus, 244. 



Miller, William, 135. 

Missionaries, itinerant, 37. 

Missions, Board of, 38. 

Missionary movements, 36. 

Missionary societies. See under Amer- 
ican Baptist Home ; American Bap- 
tist Missionary Union ; Hamilton 
Baptist; Lake Baptist; New York; 
Primal ; Woman'b. 

Moore, Joseph, 94, 95. 

Morris, Robert, 52. 

Morse, F. R., 199. 

Morton, Salmon, 44, 48, 50, 106, 205. 

Munro, D. A., 244. 

Munro, Nancy, 161. 

Myers, Cortland, d. d., 226. 

National Baptist, The, 209. 

New York Baptist Register, 63, 103, 
105, 149, 151, 152, 154, 206, 208. 

New York Baptist Union for Ministe- 
rial Education, 77, 141. 

New York Chronicle, 209. 

New York Missionary Society, 38, 39. 

New York Recorder, 209. 

New York State : Its agriculture, 6 
area, 3; borders, 3; canals, 4, 8 
cataracts, 4 ; cities, 14, 15 ; climate 
56 ; commerce, 7, 8 ; diversity of sur 
face, 3 ; educational advantages, 10- 
12 ; English conquests of, 19, 20 
glens, 4 ; lakes, 3, 5 ; liquor traffic 
12, 13; literature, periodic, 10, 63 
manufactures, 7 ; military roads, 21 
mountains, 4, 5; population, 9, 13 
163, 222; postal facilities, 10; primi 
tive inhabitants, 20; railroads, 18, 
163, 164 ; religious organizations, 9 
rivers, 3-5 ; rural districts, 14, 15 
salt industry, 6, 7 ; sea coast, 23 ; set- 
tlement, 21 ; springs, 4. 

Niles, — , 56. 

Noble, R. W., 244. 

Notable address by Doctor Bright, 203. 

Olin, W. B., 230. 

Olmsted, Mrs. Freedom, 61, 206. 

Olmsted. Jonathan, 44, 45, 75, 95, 98, 

137, 205. 
Olmsted, J. W., 128. 
Olmsted, Lewis, 98. 
Oneida Indians, 82, 110. 



3^4 



GENERAL, INDEX 



Oneida School, 86, 105. 
Osborn, A. C, D. D., 190, 244. 
Osborn, Eleazer, 72. 
Osborn, Reuben, 72. 
Osgood, Emory, 87, 88, 205. 
Osgood, Mrs. Emory, 87. 
Osgood, Samuel, 75. 
Overheiser, J. C, 198. 

Paquette, Alphonse, 231. 

Parker, Joseph W., 154. 

Parkinson, William, 124. 

Parsons, Stephen, 27, 42. 

Pastors' Conference, 177. 

Patton, A. S., d. d., 181, 252. 

Paulis, Hendrick, 83. 

Paumier, P. C, 263. 

Payne, Betsey, 61, 206. 

Payne, Elisha, 44, 45. 

Payne, H. A., 231. 

Payne, Samuel, 44, 45, 60, 70, 75, 84, 205. 

Pease, David, 87. 

Peck, Abijah, 31. 

Peck, John, 50, 54, 63, 69, 70, 79-82, 86, 

89, 91, 98, 103, 104, 123, 124, 126, 132, 

133, 142, 145, 160, 205, 258. 
Peck, John M., 66, 117, 2C6. 
Peck, Linus M., 143. 
Peck, Nathan, 78, 86, 88, 99, 112, 256. 
Peck, Philetus B., 143. 
Peter, Captain, 83. 
Pettit, Curtis, 198. 
Philleo, Calvin, 98. 
Pierce, Benjamin, 44. 
Pierce, William, 39. 
Pioneer Baptists, 21. 
Pioneer preachers, 26. 
Powell, Robert, 75, 76, 86, 87. 
Powers, Lemuel, 31. 
Pre-emption line, 82. 
Prentup, Tuscarora chief, 84. 
Preston, Jerome, 244. 
Primal Missionary Society, 35. 
Primitive inhabitants, 20. 
Proctor, W. E., 244. 
Purdy, Rhoda, 107. 
Purinton, Thomas, 63, 79, 98, 160, 256. 
Purser, Thomas, 99. 
Putnam, Daniel, 94, 98. 
Pyle, James, 198. 

Railroads, building of, 163, 164. 



Randall, Mrs. H. M., 245, 247. 

Randall, J., 107. 

Ransom, Elisha, 44, 50, 106. 

Rath bun, — , 39. 

Raymond, J. H., 186. 

Raymond, Lewis, 116. 

Recorder and Register, 152. 

Red Jacket, 38. 

Reed, W. J., 230. 

Reis, Edmund J., 39. 

Revivals, 36, 61, 112, 116, 128. 13V 138, 

169, 261. 
Reynolds, A., 232, 233. 
Rice, Deacon, 40. 
Rice, Luther, 63, 66, 206. 
Rochester Theological Seminary 209, 

215. 
Rockefeller, John D., 245. 
Roe, William, 55. 
Rogers, Samuel, 31. 
Romanism, 14. 
Ronalds, Henry J., 226. 
Root, S. S., 188. 
Roots, Benajah, 114. 
Roots, Peter P., 27, 42, 44, 54, 63, 75, 78, 

91, 114. 
Rowley, Samuel, 42. 
Round, William, 231. 

Sage, Oren, 205. 

Salmon, F. J., 231. 

Sanders, H. M., D. D., 197, 199, 243. 

Sanford, Ephraim, 33. 

Sawyer, Mr. and Mrs. E., 331. 

Scranton, Wm. A., 111. 

Schulte, Theo. E., 246. 

Second Adventism, 135. 

Seeley, J. T., 197. 

Seneca Indians, 38, 39. 

Seven successful years, 200. 

Sharp, — , d. D., 118. 

Shays, — , 54. 

Sheardown, Thos. S., 260. 

Shepherd, Timothy, 78. 

Sheldon, C. P., D. D., 65, 164, 187, 190, 

195. 
Sherwood, W. H., 244. 
Shrimpton, C. J., 188. 
Slavery, 140. 
Slaves baptized, 58. 
Smiley, Thomas, 33. 
Smith, Eli, 110. 



GENERAI, INDEX 



3^5 



Smith, Ezekiel, 72. 

Smith, J. B., D. D., 182, 186, 188, 197. 

Smith, S. G. 

Smitzer, John, 123, 164-168, 177, 205. 

Smitzer, Mrs. John, 245. 

Somers, Chas. G., 124. 

Sommers, — , 94. 

Southern Baptist Convention, 140. 

Spencer, E. M., 78. 

Springstead, Mason, 247. 

Squawkey Hill Indians, 110. 

Squires, J. Duane, 224. 

Squires, J. S., 198. 

Stan wood, Henry, 164. 

Starkweather, G. A., 187. 

Starr, Micajah, 33. 

State Missionary Convention. See 

Baptist Missionary Convention of 

the State of New York. 
State Pastors' Conference, 177. 
Steamboat, first, 92. 
Stearns, John G., 96. 
Steers. Daniel. 96. 
Stevens, Thomas, 211. 
Stillman, — , D. D., 114. 
Stockbridge Indians, 82. 
Stoddard, F. P., 253. 
Stokes, Thomas, 121. 
Stuart, Prince Charles Edward, 215 
Streeter, Randolph, 98. 
Strong, A. H., D. D., 209. 
Sturdevant, Samuel, 33. 
Swan, Jabez, 116, 259. 
Syracuse mission station, 88. 

Tahonu-en-tamgeon, William, 83. 
Taylor, E. E. L., d. d., 189. 
Taylor, F. W., 244. 
Tenbrook, Andrew, D. D., 152. 
Theological Seminaries, 77, 78, 141, 

166, 213, 267. 
Thomas, Ralph W., 226. 
Thompson, A. S., 231. 
Thorn, Mr. and Mrs. John, 247. 
Throop, — , 79. 
Thurston, Amos, 22. 
Thurston, Mr. and Mrs. Increase, 22, 

23. 
Todd, A. H., 250, 251. 
Tolls, John, 72. 
Tomlinson, Miss J. P., 245. 
Tonawanda, 87, 110, 112, 123. 



Torrey, Samuel, 70. 

Tower, C. M., 232, 235, 246. 

Tower, Rial, 235. 

Towner, W. K., 231, 232. 

Transit line, 53. 

Triennial Convention, 117, 208. 

Troublous times, 140. 

Trust funds, 246, 247. 

Tucker, Elisha, 205. 

Tuscarora Indians, 39-41, 83, 84. 

Twiss, J. S., 95, 98. 

Tyng, Stephen H., D. D., 234. 

Universities, 77, 78, 141, 209, 215, 251, 

267. 
Upfold, John, 59. 

Van Alstine, D., 190. 

Van Antwerp, W. M., 244. 

Van Housen, J. B., 198, 232. 

Vassar College, 209. 

Vassar, John E., 171. 

Vassar, T. E., 171. 

Vedder, Henry C, d. d., 225, 226. 

Vehicle, the, 63, 206. 

Verazano, John de, 18. 

Vinal, F. A., 231. 

Vogell, H. C, 346. 

Von Putkamer, Albert, 263. 

Wade, Jonathan, 77, 121. 
Wakeley, Ebenezer, 44, 205. 
Wallace, Sally, 158. 
Warren, Obed, 31, 37, 84-86, 107, 205. 
Washingtonian temperance move- 
ment, 116. 
Watchman and Reflector, 128. 
Waters, Horace, 244. 
Webb, Isaac, 31. 
Welch, B. T., D. D., 124, 151, 205. 
Welch, James E., 117. 
West, Samuel, 39. 
Westcott, Isaac, 139. 
Western Baptist Magazine, 63, 209. 
Wetmore, Asher, 95. 
Wheaton, Archibald, 40. 
Wheeler, Freedom, 138. 
Whittaker, T. J., 253. 
Weston, Henry G., 213. 
Whitman, John T., 127. 
Whitman, W. W., 244. 
Wild, Joseph, 247. 



3 66 



GENERAL INDEX! 



Wilkins, A., 251. 

Willey, Elijah F., 94, 95, 98, 103, 136- 

149, 161. 
Williams, Eleazer, 83. 
Williams, John, 99. 
Williams, Leighton, 226. 
Williams, Mornay, 226. 
Williams, Wm. R., D. D., 119, 124. 
Willis, E. L., 231. 
Winchell, R., 109. 
Windsor, W., 94. 



Wisner, Jehiel, 33, 55. 

Wolcott, N. W., 231. 

Women helping, 126. 

Women's missionary societies, 61, 62, 

206. 
Woodbury, D. A., 244. 
Worship, early, 22. 
Wright, Lyman, D. D., 178, 190. 
Wyckoff, Cornelius P., 205. 

Young people's department, 224-26. 















w 




























<a> ^ 



V ,<\> 






c*v <- 






y „ . -* <> 



^ V* 
























% * 
^ 



•V 













^3^\* 












• 









*vV 






• 






II, '^ 











v> 




^ 




c- 




c' 









■ / ^ 



V 















4. "7*, 



e* 












■ 









A S ~f., 



